澳门6～10岁儿童基本动作技能与身体活动的关系
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摘要
选取248名澳门6～10岁儿童为调查对象,通过测量法、问卷调查法等了解儿童基本动作技能和身体活动的现状特征及其内在关系。结果表明,澳门儿童基本动作技能发展水平较低,身体活动不足,并且无性别差异(P>0.05);随年龄增长,儿童基本动作技能愈发熟练,身体活动水平呈现先增长(8岁为节点)后下降趋势。基本动作技能与低强度身体活动时间的相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05),男童位移技能、技能总分与中高强度身体活动时间、总身体活动时间显著正相关(P<0.05),女童位移、物体控制及技能总分与中高强度身体活动时间显著正相关(P<0.05),总身体活动时间仅与位移技能呈显著正相关(P<0.01);回归分析表明,对中高强度身体活动时间、总身体活动时间具有统计学意义的解释变量是位移技能而非物体控制技能,即儿童位移技能得分越高,每天参与身体活动时间越长。针对6～10岁儿童,促进其身体活动水平,应重视儿童基本动作技能的发展,尤其在教学活动中更多地关注和指导儿童的位移技能。
The authors selected 248 children aged 6-10 in Macau as the investigation objects, and gain an insight into the current characteristics of the children's basic movement skills and physical activities as well as their intrinsic relationships by means of measurement and questionnaire survey etc. The results indicated the followings: as for the children in Macau, their basic movement skill development level was low, their physical activities were insufficient, and without gender difference(P>0.05); with the increase of age, the children were even more proficient in basic movement skills, their physical activity level showed a trend of increasing followed by decreasing(age 8 was the node). There was no statistical significance in the correlation between basic movement skills and LPA(P>0.05), the boys' displacement skills and total skill score were significantly positive correlative with MVPA and TPA(P<0.05), the girls' displacement,object control and total skill score were significantly positive correlative with MVPA(P<0.05), TPA was significantly positive correlative only with displacement skills(P<0.01); regression analysis showed that the explanatory variables that were statistically significant for MVPA and TPA were displacement skills but not object control skills, i.e. the higher the children's displacement skill score, the longer the physical activity time they spent daily. For promoting the physical activity level of children aged 6-10, we should value children basic movement skill development, especially,care and teach more about children displacement skills in teaching activities.
The authors selected 248 children aged 6-10 in Macau as the investigation objects, and gain an insight into the current characteristics of the children's basic movement skills and physical activities as well as their intrinsic relationships by means of measurement and questionnaire survey etc. The results indicated the followings: as for the children in Macau, their basic movement skill development level was low, their physical activities were insufficient, and without gender difference(P>0.05); with the increase of age, the children were even more proficient in basic movement skills, their physical activity level showed a trend of increasing followed by decreasing(age 8 was the node). There was no statistical significance in the correlation between basic movement skills and LPA(P>0.05), the boys' displacement skills and total skill score were significantly positive correlative with MVPA and TPA(P<0.05), the girls' displacement,object control and total skill score were significantly positive correlative with MVPA(P<0.05), TPA was significantly positive correlative only with displacement skills(P<0.01); regression analysis showed that the explanatory variables that were statistically significant for MVPA and TPA were displacement skills but not object control skills, i.e. the higher the children's displacement skill score, the longer the physical activity time they spent daily. For promoting the physical activity level of children aged 6-10, we should value children basic movement skill development, especially,care and teach more about children displacement skills in teaching activities.
引文
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[17]AUBERT S,BARNES J D,ABDETA C,et al.Global Matrix 3.0 physical activity report card grades for children and youth:Results and analysis from 49 countries[J].Journal of Physical Activity and Health,2018,15(S2):S251-S273.
[18]LIU Y,TANG Y,CAO Z B,et al.Results from Shanghai’s(China)2016 report card on physical activity for children and youth[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2016,13(11 Suppl 2):S124.
[19]COOPER A R,GOODMAN A,PAGE A S,et al.Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth:The International Children’s Accelerometry Database(ICAD)[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,2015,12(1):113.
[20]CHAN C H,HA A S,NG J Y,et al.Associations between fundamental movement skill competence,physical activity and psycho-social determinants in Hong Kong Chinese children[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2018:1-8.
[21]COHEN K E,MORGAN P J,PLOTNIKOFF R C,et al.Fundamental movement skills and physical activity among children living in low-income communities:Across-sectional study[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,2014,11(1):49.
[22]ROBINSON L E,STODDEN D F,BARNETT LM,et al.Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health[J].Sports Medicine,2015,45(9):1273.
[2]LIU Y,TANG Y,CAO Z-B,et al.Results from the China 2018 report card on physical activity for children and youth[J].Journal of Exercise Science&Fitness,2019,17(1):3-7.
[3]BARNETT L M,STODDEN D,COHEN K E,et al Fundamental movement skills:An important focus[J]Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,2016,35(3):219-225
[4]CLARK J E,METCALFE J S.The mountain of motor development:A metaphor[J].Motor development:Research and Reviews,2002,2:163-190.
[5]STODDEN D F,GOODWAY J D,LANGENDORFER S J,et al.A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity:An emergent relationship[J].Quest,2008,60(2):290-306.
[6]李静,刁玉翠.3~10岁儿童基本动作技能发展比较研究[J].中国体育科技,2013(3):129-132.
[7]LOGAN S W,KIPLING WEBSTER E,GETCHELLN,et al.Relationship between fundamental motor skill competence and physical activity during childhood and adolescence:A systematic review[J].Kinesiology Review,2015,4(4):416-426.
[8]HOLFELDER B,SCHOTT N.Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents:A systematic review[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise,2014,15(4):382-391.
[9]CADORET G,BIGRAS N,LEMAY L,et al.Relationship between screen-time and motor proficiency in children:A longitudinal study[J].Early Child Development and Care,2018,188(2):231-239.
[10]王政淞,李红娟,张柳.动作能力对儿童青少年体力活动与健康促进的重要意义--基于动作能力研究模型的综述分析[J].体育科学,2017,37(11):72-80.
[11]马瑞,宋珩.基本运动技能发展对儿童身体活动与健康的影响[J].体育科学,2017(4):54-61+97.
[12]ULRICH D.Test of gross motor development(second edition)examiner’s manual[J].Austin TX:Pro-ed Publisher,2000:3-5.
[13]袁景宪,翟群.学生参加体力活动水平的比较分析[D].澳门:澳门理工学院,2012.
[14]COHEN J.Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences[M].Abingdon:Routledge,1988.
[15]BARNETT L M,TELFORD R M,STRUGNELLC,et al.Impact of cultural background on fundamental movement skill and its correlates[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2018:1-8.
[16]胡水清,王欢,李一辰.北京市3~6岁儿童国民体质测试成绩与粗大动作技能发展的关系[J].中国体育科技,2018,54(5):32-37.
[17]AUBERT S,BARNES J D,ABDETA C,et al.Global Matrix 3.0 physical activity report card grades for children and youth:Results and analysis from 49 countries[J].Journal of Physical Activity and Health,2018,15(S2):S251-S273.
[18]LIU Y,TANG Y,CAO Z B,et al.Results from Shanghai’s(China)2016 report card on physical activity for children and youth[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2016,13(11 Suppl 2):S124.
[19]COOPER A R,GOODMAN A,PAGE A S,et al.Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth:The International Children’s Accelerometry Database(ICAD)[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,2015,12(1):113.
[20]CHAN C H,HA A S,NG J Y,et al.Associations between fundamental movement skill competence,physical activity and psycho-social determinants in Hong Kong Chinese children[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2018:1-8.
[21]COHEN K E,MORGAN P J,PLOTNIKOFF R C,et al.Fundamental movement skills and physical activity among children living in low-income communities:Across-sectional study[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,2014,11(1):49.
[22]ROBINSON L E,STODDEN D F,BARNETT LM,et al.Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health[J].Sports Medicine,2015,45(9):1273.