基于模式自适应连续小波能量谱的爆破振动信号特征分析
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摘要
爆破振动信号是一种典型的非平稳随机信号,采用傅里叶分析法求得的谱分布往往呈现锯齿状,不仅主振频率的具体位置难以确定,而且对于主振频率周边的频率成分以及各频率区间内的能量分布,亦难以直观显现。结合爆破工程实测资料,利用模式自适应连续小波变换具有良好的时频局部化性质,提出了模式自适应连续小波能量谱分析方法,从时间-尺度能量谱、尺度能量谱和时间能量谱3个方面对单段与多段爆破振动信号进行能量细化特征分析。研究结果表明:爆破振动信号小波能量谱直观定位了爆破地震波所发生的时间、频率以及能量的大小;单段爆破振动信号的能量在频域上主要分布在中高频部分,在时域上具有瞬发性和能量相对集中的特点;多段爆破振动信号的能量在频域上主要分布在低中频部分,在时域上具有多个峰值能量。
Blasting vibration signal is a typical non-stationary random signal,and the spectral distribution from Fourier analysis method often presents zigzag wave shape.It is difficult to determine the specific location of main vibration frequency and to directly visualize the frequency components around the main frequency and the energy distribution on each frequency.Combined with actual measured data from blasting engineering and the mode adaptive continuous wavelet transform with good time-frequency localization property,the energy spectrum analysis method of pattern adapted continuous wavelet was proposed.The refined characteristics of single deck and multi deck blasting vibration signal energy were analyzed according to the time-scale energy spectrum,scale energy spectrum and time energy spectrum.Results show that the wavelet energy spectrum curve of blasting vibration signal can directly locate the time,the frequency and the energy of blasting seismic wave.The energy of single deck blasting vibration signal is mainly distributed in the intermediate and high frequency with characteristics of transient and concentration in the time domain.The energy of multi deck blasting vibration signal is mainly distributed in the low and intermediate frequency with multiple peaks in the time domain.
Blasting vibration signal is a typical non-stationary random signal,and the spectral distribution from Fourier analysis method often presents zigzag wave shape.It is difficult to determine the specific location of main vibration frequency and to directly visualize the frequency components around the main frequency and the energy distribution on each frequency.Combined with actual measured data from blasting engineering and the mode adaptive continuous wavelet transform with good time-frequency localization property,the energy spectrum analysis method of pattern adapted continuous wavelet was proposed.The refined characteristics of single deck and multi deck blasting vibration signal energy were analyzed according to the time-scale energy spectrum,scale energy spectrum and time energy spectrum.Results show that the wavelet energy spectrum curve of blasting vibration signal can directly locate the time,the frequency and the energy of blasting seismic wave.The energy of single deck blasting vibration signal is mainly distributed in the intermediate and high frequency with characteristics of transient and concentration in the time domain.The energy of multi deck blasting vibration signal is mainly distributed in the low and intermediate frequency with multiple peaks in the time domain.
引文
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[14] 凌同华,张胜,陈倩倩,等.模式自适应小波构造与添加及其在爆破振动信号分析中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(12):53-57,120.[14] LING Tong-hua,ZHANG Sheng,CHEN Qian-qian,et al.Pattern adapted wavelet construction and addition and its application in blast vibration signal analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(12):53-57,120.(in Chinese)
[15] GALIANA-MERINO J J,ROSA-HERRANZ J L,ROSA-CINTAS S,MARTINEZ-ESPLA J J.SeismicWaveTool:Continuous and discrete wavelet analysis and filtering for multichannel seismic data[J].Computer Physics Communications,2013,184(1):162-171.
[16] HUANG Dan,CUI Shuo,LI Xiao-qing.Wavelet packet analysis of blasting vibration signal of mountain tunnel[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2019,117:72-80.
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[2] 张继春,曹孝君,郑爽英,等.浅埋隧道掘进爆破的地表震动效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4158- 4163.[2] ZHANG Ji-chun,CAO Xiao-jun,ZHENG Shuang-ying,et al.Experimental study on vibration effects of ground due to shallow tunnel blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4158- 4163.(in Chinese)
[3] 罗忆,卢文波,陈明,等.爆破振动安全判据研究综述[J].爆破,2010,27(1):14-22.[3] LUO Yi,LU Wen-bo,CHEN Ming,et al.View of research on safety criterion of blasting vibration[J].Blasting,2010,27(1):14-22.(in Chinese)
[4] 徐国元,中国生,熊正明.基于小波变换的爆破地震安全能量分析法的应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(1):24-28.[4] XU Guo-yuan,ZHONG Guo-sheng,XIONG Zheng-ming.Study and application of energy analysis method for blasting seismic safety based on wavelet transform[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(1):24-28.(in Chinese)
[5] 李洪涛,卢文波,舒大强,等.基于功率谱的爆破地震能量分析方法[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(5):492- 496.[5] LI Hong-tao,LU Wen-bo,SHU Da-qiang,et al.An energy analysis method for blast-induced seismic based on power spectrum[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2009,29(5):492- 496.(in Chinese)
[6] LU Wen-bo,LI Peng,CHEN Ming,et al.Comparison of vibrations induced by excavation of deep-buried cavern and open pit with method of bench blasting[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2011,18(5):1709-1718.
[7] ZHONG Guo-sheng,AO Li-ping,ZHAO Kui.Influence of explosion parameters on wavelet packet frequency band energy distribution of blast vibration[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2012,19(9):2674-2680.
[8] 李春庚.自适应小波的构造及其在信号处理中的应用[D].大连:大连海事大学,2007.[8] LI Chun-geng.Self-adapted wavelet construction and its application to signal processing[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2007.(in Chinese)
[9] 丁爱玲,石光明,张宁,等.波形匹配小波设计及其在信号数据压缩中的应用[J].电子与信息学报,2007,29(4):804-807.[9] DING Ai-ling,SHI Guang-ming,ZHANG Ning,et al.Signal compression and design of wavelet based on waveform matching[J].Journal of Electronics & Information Technology,2007,29(4):804-807.(in Chinese)
[10] 耿艳峰,冯叔初.小波构造综述[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):127-131.[10] GENG Yan-feng,FENG Shu-chu.Overview of wavelet construction[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2004,28(1):127-131.(in Chinese)
[11] 宋光明.爆破振动小波包分析理论与应用研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2001.[11] SONG Guang-ming.Wavelet packet analysis of blasting vibration:theory and application[D].Changsha:Central South University,2001.(in Chinese)
[12] 李夕兵,张义平,刘志祥,等.爆破震动信号的小波分析与HHT变换[J].爆炸与冲击,2005,25(6):528-535.[12] LI Xi-bing,ZHANG Yi-ping,LIU Zhi-xiang,et al.Wavelet analysis and Hilbert-Huang transform of blasting vibration signal[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2005,25(6):528-535.(in Chinese)
[13] 张胜,凌同华,刘浩然,等.模式自适应小波时能密度法及其在延时爆破振动信号分析中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):2007-2013.[13] ZHANG Sheng,LING Tong-hua,LIU Hao-ran,et al.Pattern adapted wavelet time-energy density method and its application in millisecond blast vibration signal analysis[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):2007-2013.(in Chinese)
[14] 凌同华,张胜,陈倩倩,等.模式自适应小波构造与添加及其在爆破振动信号分析中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(12):53-57,120.[14] LING Tong-hua,ZHANG Sheng,CHEN Qian-qian,et al.Pattern adapted wavelet construction and addition and its application in blast vibration signal analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(12):53-57,120.(in Chinese)
[15] GALIANA-MERINO J J,ROSA-HERRANZ J L,ROSA-CINTAS S,MARTINEZ-ESPLA J J.SeismicWaveTool:Continuous and discrete wavelet analysis and filtering for multichannel seismic data[J].Computer Physics Communications,2013,184(1):162-171.
[16] HUANG Dan,CUI Shuo,LI Xiao-qing.Wavelet packet analysis of blasting vibration signal of mountain tunnel[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2019,117:72-80.
[17] 刘刚,屈梁生.应用连续小波变换提取机械故障的特征[J].西安交通大学学报,2000,34(11):74-77.[17] LIU Gang,QU Liang-sheng.Feature extraction of mechanical faults based on the continuous wavelet transform[J].Journal of Xi′an Jiaotong University,2000,34(11):74-77.(in Chinese)
[18] GB6722—2014 爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.[18] GB6722—2014 Safety regulations for blasting[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2014.(in Chinese)