长江中上游4个鲢群体遗传多样性分析
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摘要
鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)是我国重要的淡水经济鱼类,长江是其重要的种质资源库。为了研究长江中上游鲢群体遗传多样性现状,比较中上游群体的遗传分化,本研究采用线粒体DNA(mtDNA)细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)和控制区(D-loop)序列分析了长江中上游鲢群体遗传多样性及遗传分化状况,为鲢资源的保护和开发提供科学依据。采集了长江中上游江津(JJ)、宜昌(YC)、嘉鱼(JY)、黄冈(HG)等4个鲢群体共151尾样本。结果表明:135条Cyt b序列共检测出53个多态位点和19种单倍型,150条D-loop序列共检测出94个多态位点和48种单倍型,平均单倍型多样性指数(Hd)和核苷酸多样性指数(Pi)分别为0.693、0.00748和0.902、0.01557,2个标记数据均显示上游群体遗传多样性较中游群体高;群体间的分化指数(FST)和基因流(Nm)均表明长江上游(JJ)和中游(YC、JY、HG)地理群体间存在显著遗传分化。基于单倍型构建的NJ系统发育树及单倍型中值连接网络分析图显示,长江中上游鲢群体可划分为两个谱系,其中一个谱系主要源自上游群体。
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is an economically important freshwater fish in China,and Yangtze River is its important germplasm library. In order to study the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation and to slove the issues of the prdection and development of H. molitrix popularions from middle and upper Yangtze River,Cyt b gene and D-loop sequences of mitochondrial DNA of H. molitrix from 4 populations(Jiangjin JJ,Yichang YC,Jiayu JY,Huanggang HG) in the middle and upper Yangtze River were used to investigate the genetic diversity and structure. The results showed that 53 polymorphic sites and 19 different haplotypes were identified among 135 Cyt b sequences,94 polymorphic sites and 48 different haplotypes were identified among 150 D-loop sequences,respectively. The average haplotype diversity(Hd) and average nucleotide diversity(Pi) of Cyt b and D-loop were 0. 693,0. 007 48 and 0. 902,0. 015 57,respectively. The data of Cyt b gene and D-loop sequences all showed that the genetic diversity of population in the upper Yangtze River was higher than that of in the middle Yangtze River. The FSTand Nm also revealed significant genetic differentiation existing between populations from middle(YC,JY,HG) and upper(JJ) Yangtze River. Both NJ(Neighbour-Joining) phylogenetic trees and network based on haplotype indicated that populations of H. molitrix could be divided into two clusters,and mostof individuals in cluster Ⅱ belong to population JJ.
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is an economically important freshwater fish in China,and Yangtze River is its important germplasm library. In order to study the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation and to slove the issues of the prdection and development of H. molitrix popularions from middle and upper Yangtze River,Cyt b gene and D-loop sequences of mitochondrial DNA of H. molitrix from 4 populations(Jiangjin JJ,Yichang YC,Jiayu JY,Huanggang HG) in the middle and upper Yangtze River were used to investigate the genetic diversity and structure. The results showed that 53 polymorphic sites and 19 different haplotypes were identified among 135 Cyt b sequences,94 polymorphic sites and 48 different haplotypes were identified among 150 D-loop sequences,respectively. The average haplotype diversity(Hd) and average nucleotide diversity(Pi) of Cyt b and D-loop were 0. 693,0. 007 48 and 0. 902,0. 015 57,respectively. The data of Cyt b gene and D-loop sequences all showed that the genetic diversity of population in the upper Yangtze River was higher than that of in the middle Yangtze River. The FSTand Nm also revealed significant genetic differentiation existing between populations from middle(YC,JY,HG) and upper(JJ) Yangtze River. Both NJ(Neighbour-Joining) phylogenetic trees and network based on haplotype indicated that populations of H. molitrix could be divided into two clusters,and mostof individuals in cluster Ⅱ belong to population JJ.
引文
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[23]Zardoya R,Doadrio I.Molecular evidence on the evolutionary and biogeographical patterns of European cyprinids[J].J Mol Evol,1999,49:227-237.
[24]Donaldson K A,Wilson R R.Amphi-Panamic geminates of snook(Percoidei:Centropomidae)provide a calibration of the divergence rate in the mitochondrial DNA control region of fishes[J].Mol Phylogen Evol,1999,13:208-213.
[25]陈宜喻.淡水生态系统中的若干生物多样性问题[J].生物科学信息,1990,2(5):197-200.
[2]田辉伍,何春,刘明典,等.长江上游干流三层流刺网渔获物结构研究[J].淡水渔业,2016,46(5):37-42.
[3]刘绍平,陈大庆,段辛斌,等.长江中上游四大家鱼资源监测与渔业管理[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(2):183-186.
[4]李小芳.鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)亲本增殖放流遗传效果评估[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.
[5]Gonzalez E B,Aritaki M,Knutsen H,et al.Effects of largescale releases on the genetic structure of red sea bream(Pagrus major,Temminck et Schlegel)Populations in Japan[J].Plos One,2015,10(5):e0125743.
[6]Lorenzen K,Beveridge M C M,Mangel M.Cultured fish:integrative biology and management of domestication and interactions with wild fish[J].Biol Rev,2012,87(3):639-660.
[7]Zhao L,Chenoweth E L,Liu J,et al.Effects of dam structures on genetic diversity of freshwater fish Sinibrama macrops,in Min River,China[J].Biochem Syst Ecol,2016,68:216-222.
[8]Ardren W R,Bernall S R.Dams impact westslope cutthroat trout metapopulation structure and hybridization dynamics[J].Conserv Genet,2017,18(2):297-312.
[9]张四明,汪登强,邓怀,等.长江中游水系鲢和草鱼群体mt DNA遗传变异的研究[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(2):142-147.
[10]于悦,庞美霞,俞小牧,等.利用微卫星分子标记分析长江、赣江和鄱阳湖鲢群体遗传结构[J].华中农业大学学报,2016,35(6):104-110.
[11]Li S F,Xu J W,Yang Q L,et al.Significant genetic differentiation between native and introduced silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)inferred from mt DNA analysis[J].Environ Biol Fishes,2011,92(4):503-511.
[12]王长忠,梁宏伟,邹桂伟,等.长江中上游两个鲢群体遗传变异的微卫星分析[J].遗传,2008,30(10):1341-1348.
[13]庞美霞,俞小牧,童金苟.三峡库区5个鲢群体遗传变异的微卫星分析[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(5):869-876.
[14]Kocher T D,Thomas W K,Meyer A,et al.Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals:amplification and sequencing with conserved primers[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci United States of America,1989,86(16):196-200.
[15]Okazaki T.Genetic relationships of Japanese and Korean Bagrid catfishes inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis[J].Zool Sci,1999,16:363-379.
[16]陈会娟,汪登强,段辛斌,等.长江中游鳊群体的遗传多样性[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(8):2175-2181.
[17]Thompson J D,Gibson T J,Plewniak F,et al.The CLUSTALX windows interface;flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1997,(2):4876-4882.
[18]Tamura K,Stecher G,Peterson D,et al.MEGA6:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis Version 6.0[J].Mol Biol Evol,2013,30:2725-2729.
[19]Rozas J,Rozas R.DNASP Version 3:an integrated program for molecular population genetics and molecular evolution analysis[J].Bioinformatics,1999,15:174-175.
[20]Excoffier L,Smouse P E,Quattro J M.Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes:application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data[J].Genetics,1992,131:479-491.
[21]陈文静,张燕萍,段辛斌,等.基于线粒体控制区全序列的鄱阳湖水系鲢增殖放流群体与野生群体的遗传多样性分析[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(35):89-95.
[22]Katamachi D,Ikeda M,Dong S,et al.Genetic variability of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix population introduced into the Tone River basin,Japan assessed by mt DNA analysis[J].Nihon-suisan-gakkai-shi,2011,77(1):31-39.
[23]Zardoya R,Doadrio I.Molecular evidence on the evolutionary and biogeographical patterns of European cyprinids[J].J Mol Evol,1999,49:227-237.
[24]Donaldson K A,Wilson R R.Amphi-Panamic geminates of snook(Percoidei:Centropomidae)provide a calibration of the divergence rate in the mitochondrial DNA control region of fishes[J].Mol Phylogen Evol,1999,13:208-213.
[25]陈宜喻.淡水生态系统中的若干生物多样性问题[J].生物科学信息,1990,2(5):197-200.