长江、赣江鲢幼鱼耳石核区元素指纹特征分析及其在群体识别中的应用研究
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摘要
采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱分析技术(LA-ICP-MS)对2012、2014及2016年采自长江、赣江的鲢幼鱼耳石核区微量元素(Sr、Ba、Mg、Na、Si、Cr、Mn、Ca、Zn)进行了测定分析。结果显示:长江、赣江鲢幼鱼耳石核区4种微量元素与钙元素的比值(Sr∶Ca、Ba∶Ca、Si∶Ca、Mg∶Ca)在同一水体年际间基本不变,但不同水体(长江、赣江)鲢幼鱼群体间存在显著性差异,其中,Si∶Ca和Sr∶Ca比值对群体识别的贡献率最大。应用这4种元素比值的线性判别分析(LDFA)对长江鲢幼鱼群体整体判别成功率为92. 11%,其中对2012年、2014年、2016年样本的判别成功率分别为:92. 31%、93. 33%、90. 91%;对赣江鲢幼鱼群体整体判别成功率为92. 31%,其中对2012、2014、2016年样本的判别成功率分别为:80. 00%、96. 77%、93. 75%。研究表明,这4种元素比值可以作为识别长江和赣江鲢群体的环境元素指纹,LA-ICP-MS耳石元素指纹分析技术用于识别长江、赣江鲢群体确实有效可行。
In the current study,the nine elements in the otolith core elements( Sr,Ba,Mg,Na,Si,Cr,Mn,Ca,Zn) of young-of-the-year( YOY) silver carp collected during August-September of 2012,2014,and 2016 from the Yangtze River and Ganjiang River were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( LA-ICP-MS). It was showed that the ratios of the four trace elements to the calcium( Sr ∶ Ca,Ba ∶ Ca,Si ∶ Ca,Mg ∶ Ca) in the otolith core of the YOY silver carp in Yangtze River and Ganjiang River was basically unchanged among the three years from the same river. However,there was a significant difference between the two stocks from Yangtze River and Ganjiang River and the ratios of Si ∶ Ca and Sr ∶ Ca made the greatest contribution to stock identification. According to the linear discriminant analysis( LDFA) of the four element ratios,the overall classification accuracy rate of Yangtze River silver carp stock was 92. 11%,and the classification accuracy rates in 2012,2014 and 2016 were 92. 31%,93. 33% and 90. 91%,respectively. The overall classification accuracy rate of Ganjiang River silver carp stock was 92. 31% and the classification accuracy rates in 2012,2014 and 2016 were 80. 00%,96. 77% and 93. 75%,respectively. Thus,the four element ratios in otolith core could be used as elemental fingerprints to identify silver carp stocks from the Yangtze River and Ganjiang River. Analysis of otolith microchemistry by LA-ICP-MS will be an effective technique in stock discrimination such as silver carp from Yangtze River and Ganjiang River.
In the current study,the nine elements in the otolith core elements( Sr,Ba,Mg,Na,Si,Cr,Mn,Ca,Zn) of young-of-the-year( YOY) silver carp collected during August-September of 2012,2014,and 2016 from the Yangtze River and Ganjiang River were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( LA-ICP-MS). It was showed that the ratios of the four trace elements to the calcium( Sr ∶ Ca,Ba ∶ Ca,Si ∶ Ca,Mg ∶ Ca) in the otolith core of the YOY silver carp in Yangtze River and Ganjiang River was basically unchanged among the three years from the same river. However,there was a significant difference between the two stocks from Yangtze River and Ganjiang River and the ratios of Si ∶ Ca and Sr ∶ Ca made the greatest contribution to stock identification. According to the linear discriminant analysis( LDFA) of the four element ratios,the overall classification accuracy rate of Yangtze River silver carp stock was 92. 11%,and the classification accuracy rates in 2012,2014 and 2016 were 92. 31%,93. 33% and 90. 91%,respectively. The overall classification accuracy rate of Ganjiang River silver carp stock was 92. 31% and the classification accuracy rates in 2012,2014 and 2016 were 80. 00%,96. 77% and 93. 75%,respectively. Thus,the four element ratios in otolith core could be used as elemental fingerprints to identify silver carp stocks from the Yangtze River and Ganjiang River. Analysis of otolith microchemistry by LA-ICP-MS will be an effective technique in stock discrimination such as silver carp from Yangtze River and Ganjiang River.
引文
[1]李思发,吕国庆,周碧云.长江天鹅洲故道“四大家鱼”种质资源天然生态库建库可行性研究[J].水产学报,1995,19(3):193-202.LI S F,LV G Q,ZHOU B Y. Feasibility studies on genetic conservation of Chinese carps in swan oxbow of the Changjiang River[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,1995,19(3):193-202.
[2]李思发,吕国庆,贝纳切兹. L.长江中下游鲢鳙草青四大家鱼线粒体DNA多样性分析[J].动物学报,1998,44:82-93.LI S F,LV G Q,BEMATCHEZ L. Diversity of mitochondrial DNA in the populations of silver carp,bighead carp,grass carp and black carp in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica,1998,44:82-93.
[3] WANG Z W,WU Q J,ZHOU J F,et al. Silver Carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,in the Poyang lake belong to the Ganjiang River population rather than the Yangtze River population[J].Environment Biology of Fishes,2003,68:261-267.
[4]吴清江,王忠卫.长江—鄱阳湖鲢、鳙种群遗传结构[M]//崔奕波,李钟杰主编.长江流域湖泊的渔业资源与环境保护.北京:科学出版社,2005:258-264.WU Q J,WANG Z W. Genetic structure of population of silver carp and bighead carp in Changjiang-Poyang co-ecosystem[M]//In CUI Y B and LI Z J(eds). Fishery resources and conservation of environment in lakes of Changjiang River Basin.Beijing:Science Press. 2005:258-264.
[5]朱晓东,耿波,李娇,等.利用30个微卫星标记分析长江中下游鲢群体的遗传多样性[J].遗传,2007,29(6):705-713.ZHU X D,GENG B,LI J,et al. Analysis of genetic diversity among silver carp population in the middle and lower Yangtze River using thirty microsatellite markers[J]. Hereditas(Beijing),2007,29(6):705-713.
[6]王长忠,梁宏伟,邹桂伟,等.长江中上游两个鲢群体遗传变异的微卫星分析[J].遗传,2008,30:1341-1348.WANG C Z,LIANG H W,ZOU G W,et al. Genetic variation analysis of two silver carp populations in the middle and upper Yangtze River by microsatellite[J]. Hereditas(Beijing),2008,30:1341-1348.
[7]于悦,庞美霞,俞小牧,等.利用微卫星分子标记分析长江、赣江和鄱阳湖鲢群体遗传结构[J].华中农业大学学报,2016,35(6):104-110.YU Y,PANG M X,YU X M,et al. Population genetic structure of silver carp from Yangtze River,Ganjiang River and Poyang Lake based on microsatellite markers[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2016,35(6):104-110.
[8] CAMPANA S E. Chemistry and composition of fish otoliths:pathways,mechanisms and applications[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,1999(188):263-297.
[9] CAMPANA S E,CHOUINARD G A,HANSON J M,et al.Otolith elemental fingerprints as biological tracers of fish stocks[J]. Fisheries Research,2000,46:343-357.
[10] EDMONDS J S,CAPUTI N,MORITA M. Stock discrimination by trace element analysis of otoliths of orange roughy(hoplostethus atlanticus),a deep-water marine teleost[J]. Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater Research,1991,42(4):383-389.
[11]窦硕增,天野洋典,于鑫,等.基于多测点LA-ICPMS的耳石核区元素指纹分析技术及其在鱼类群体识别中的实证研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(6):771-778.DOU S Z,HIRONORI,YU X,et al. Multiple laser ablations on otolith nuclei for ICPMS to elementally fingerprint fish stocks:A case study[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia,2011,42(6):771-778.
[12]徐浩,黎雨轩,张翼,等.东海和黄海南部近岸海域小黄鱼稚幼鱼耳石元素指纹特征分析[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(4):302-309.XU H,LI Y X,ZHANG Y,et al. Analysis on the otolith core elemental fingerprint of larval and juvenile Larimichthys polyactis in the coastal areas of east China sea and southern Yellow sea[J]. Marine Fisheries,2015,37(4):302-309.
[13] RIEMAN B E,MYERS D L,NIELSEN R L. Use of otolith microchemistry to discriminate Oncorhynchus nerka of resident and anadromous origin[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51(1):68-77.
[14] BRONTE C R,HESSELBERGRJ,SHOESMITH J A,et al.Discrimination among spawning concentrations of lake Superior lake herring based on trace element profiles in sagittae[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1996,125:852-859.
[15] BASTOW T P,JACKSON G,EDMONDS J S. Elevated salinity and isotopic composition of fish otolith carbonate:stock delineation of pink snapper, pagrus auratus, in Shark Bay, Western Australia[J]. Marine Biology,2002,141(5):801-806.
[16] BICKFORD N,HANNIGAN R. Stock identification of walleye via otolith chemistry in the Eleven Point river,Arkansas[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2005,25:1542-1549.
[17] ZEIGLER J M, WHITLEDGE G W. Assessment of otolith chemistry for identifying source environment of fishes in the lower Illinois River,Illinois[J]. Hydrobiologia,2010,638:109-119.
[18] CARLSON A K,PHELPS Q E,GRAEB D S. Chemistry to conservation:using otoliths to advance recreational and commercial fisheries management[J]. Journal of Fish Biology,2017,90:505-527.
[19] ZEIGLER J M,WHITLEDGE G W. Otolith trace element and stable isotopic compositions differentiate fishes from the middle Mississippi River, its tributaries andoodplain lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,661:289-302.
[20] WOLFF B A,JOHNSON B M,BRETON A R,et al. Origins of invasive piscivores determined from the strontium isotope ratio(Sr-87/Sr-86)of otoliths[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2012,69:724-739.
[21] GAIL K,DAVOREN,CHRISTA S A,et al. Does otolith chemistry indicate the natal habitat of Newfoundland capelin Mallotus vissosus?[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2015,464:88-95.
[22] BRENKMAN S J,CORBETT S C,VOLK E C. Use of otolith chemistry and radiotelemetry to determine age specific migratory patterns of anadromous bull trout in the Hoh River,Washington[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2007,136:1-11.
[23] PAYAN P,PONTUAL D H,BOEUFG,et al. Endolymph chemistry and otolith growth in fish[J]. General Palaeontology,2004,3(6):535-547.
[24] STURROCK A K,TRUEMAN C N,DAMAUDE A M. Can otolith elemental chemistry retrospectively track migrations in fully marine fishes[J]? Journal of Fish Biology,2012,81(2):766-795.
[25] LIU Y S,HU Z C,GAO S. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard[J]. Chemical Geology,2008,257(1-2):34-43.
[26] CHAPMAN D C,DAVIS J J,JENKINS J A,et al. First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2013,39(4):547-554.
[27] CARLSON A K,FINCEL M J,GRAEB BDS. Otolith microchemistry reveals natal origins of walleyes in Missouri River reservoirs[J]. North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2016,36(2):341-350.
[28] MORRIS J A,RULIFSON R A,TOBUREN L H. Life history strategies of striped bass Morone saxatilis population inferred from otolith microchemistry[J]. Fisheries Research,2003,62:53-63.
[29] THORROLD S R,LATKOCAY C,SWART P K,et al. Natal homing in a marine fish metapopulation[J]. Science,2001,291(5502):297-9.
[30] CAMPANA S E,FOWLER A J,JONES C M. Otolith elemental fingerprinting for stock identification of atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)using laser ablation ICPMS[J]. Ganadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51:1942-1950.
[31] THORROLD S R,JONES C M,CAMPANA S E,et al. Trace element signatures in otoliths record natal river of Juvenile American shad(Alosa sapidissima)[J]. Limnology et Oceanography,1998,43(8):1826-1835.
[32] LONGMORE C,FOGARTY K,NEAT F,et al. A comparison of otolith microchemistry and otolith shape analysis for the study of spatial variation in a deep-sea teleost,coryphaenoides rupestris[J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes,2010,89:591-605.
[2]李思发,吕国庆,贝纳切兹. L.长江中下游鲢鳙草青四大家鱼线粒体DNA多样性分析[J].动物学报,1998,44:82-93.LI S F,LV G Q,BEMATCHEZ L. Diversity of mitochondrial DNA in the populations of silver carp,bighead carp,grass carp and black carp in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica,1998,44:82-93.
[3] WANG Z W,WU Q J,ZHOU J F,et al. Silver Carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,in the Poyang lake belong to the Ganjiang River population rather than the Yangtze River population[J].Environment Biology of Fishes,2003,68:261-267.
[4]吴清江,王忠卫.长江—鄱阳湖鲢、鳙种群遗传结构[M]//崔奕波,李钟杰主编.长江流域湖泊的渔业资源与环境保护.北京:科学出版社,2005:258-264.WU Q J,WANG Z W. Genetic structure of population of silver carp and bighead carp in Changjiang-Poyang co-ecosystem[M]//In CUI Y B and LI Z J(eds). Fishery resources and conservation of environment in lakes of Changjiang River Basin.Beijing:Science Press. 2005:258-264.
[5]朱晓东,耿波,李娇,等.利用30个微卫星标记分析长江中下游鲢群体的遗传多样性[J].遗传,2007,29(6):705-713.ZHU X D,GENG B,LI J,et al. Analysis of genetic diversity among silver carp population in the middle and lower Yangtze River using thirty microsatellite markers[J]. Hereditas(Beijing),2007,29(6):705-713.
[6]王长忠,梁宏伟,邹桂伟,等.长江中上游两个鲢群体遗传变异的微卫星分析[J].遗传,2008,30:1341-1348.WANG C Z,LIANG H W,ZOU G W,et al. Genetic variation analysis of two silver carp populations in the middle and upper Yangtze River by microsatellite[J]. Hereditas(Beijing),2008,30:1341-1348.
[7]于悦,庞美霞,俞小牧,等.利用微卫星分子标记分析长江、赣江和鄱阳湖鲢群体遗传结构[J].华中农业大学学报,2016,35(6):104-110.YU Y,PANG M X,YU X M,et al. Population genetic structure of silver carp from Yangtze River,Ganjiang River and Poyang Lake based on microsatellite markers[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2016,35(6):104-110.
[8] CAMPANA S E. Chemistry and composition of fish otoliths:pathways,mechanisms and applications[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,1999(188):263-297.
[9] CAMPANA S E,CHOUINARD G A,HANSON J M,et al.Otolith elemental fingerprints as biological tracers of fish stocks[J]. Fisheries Research,2000,46:343-357.
[10] EDMONDS J S,CAPUTI N,MORITA M. Stock discrimination by trace element analysis of otoliths of orange roughy(hoplostethus atlanticus),a deep-water marine teleost[J]. Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater Research,1991,42(4):383-389.
[11]窦硕增,天野洋典,于鑫,等.基于多测点LA-ICPMS的耳石核区元素指纹分析技术及其在鱼类群体识别中的实证研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(6):771-778.DOU S Z,HIRONORI,YU X,et al. Multiple laser ablations on otolith nuclei for ICPMS to elementally fingerprint fish stocks:A case study[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia,2011,42(6):771-778.
[12]徐浩,黎雨轩,张翼,等.东海和黄海南部近岸海域小黄鱼稚幼鱼耳石元素指纹特征分析[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(4):302-309.XU H,LI Y X,ZHANG Y,et al. Analysis on the otolith core elemental fingerprint of larval and juvenile Larimichthys polyactis in the coastal areas of east China sea and southern Yellow sea[J]. Marine Fisheries,2015,37(4):302-309.
[13] RIEMAN B E,MYERS D L,NIELSEN R L. Use of otolith microchemistry to discriminate Oncorhynchus nerka of resident and anadromous origin[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51(1):68-77.
[14] BRONTE C R,HESSELBERGRJ,SHOESMITH J A,et al.Discrimination among spawning concentrations of lake Superior lake herring based on trace element profiles in sagittae[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1996,125:852-859.
[15] BASTOW T P,JACKSON G,EDMONDS J S. Elevated salinity and isotopic composition of fish otolith carbonate:stock delineation of pink snapper, pagrus auratus, in Shark Bay, Western Australia[J]. Marine Biology,2002,141(5):801-806.
[16] BICKFORD N,HANNIGAN R. Stock identification of walleye via otolith chemistry in the Eleven Point river,Arkansas[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2005,25:1542-1549.
[17] ZEIGLER J M, WHITLEDGE G W. Assessment of otolith chemistry for identifying source environment of fishes in the lower Illinois River,Illinois[J]. Hydrobiologia,2010,638:109-119.
[18] CARLSON A K,PHELPS Q E,GRAEB D S. Chemistry to conservation:using otoliths to advance recreational and commercial fisheries management[J]. Journal of Fish Biology,2017,90:505-527.
[19] ZEIGLER J M,WHITLEDGE G W. Otolith trace element and stable isotopic compositions differentiate fishes from the middle Mississippi River, its tributaries andoodplain lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,661:289-302.
[20] WOLFF B A,JOHNSON B M,BRETON A R,et al. Origins of invasive piscivores determined from the strontium isotope ratio(Sr-87/Sr-86)of otoliths[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2012,69:724-739.
[21] GAIL K,DAVOREN,CHRISTA S A,et al. Does otolith chemistry indicate the natal habitat of Newfoundland capelin Mallotus vissosus?[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2015,464:88-95.
[22] BRENKMAN S J,CORBETT S C,VOLK E C. Use of otolith chemistry and radiotelemetry to determine age specific migratory patterns of anadromous bull trout in the Hoh River,Washington[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2007,136:1-11.
[23] PAYAN P,PONTUAL D H,BOEUFG,et al. Endolymph chemistry and otolith growth in fish[J]. General Palaeontology,2004,3(6):535-547.
[24] STURROCK A K,TRUEMAN C N,DAMAUDE A M. Can otolith elemental chemistry retrospectively track migrations in fully marine fishes[J]? Journal of Fish Biology,2012,81(2):766-795.
[25] LIU Y S,HU Z C,GAO S. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard[J]. Chemical Geology,2008,257(1-2):34-43.
[26] CHAPMAN D C,DAVIS J J,JENKINS J A,et al. First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2013,39(4):547-554.
[27] CARLSON A K,FINCEL M J,GRAEB BDS. Otolith microchemistry reveals natal origins of walleyes in Missouri River reservoirs[J]. North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2016,36(2):341-350.
[28] MORRIS J A,RULIFSON R A,TOBUREN L H. Life history strategies of striped bass Morone saxatilis population inferred from otolith microchemistry[J]. Fisheries Research,2003,62:53-63.
[29] THORROLD S R,LATKOCAY C,SWART P K,et al. Natal homing in a marine fish metapopulation[J]. Science,2001,291(5502):297-9.
[30] CAMPANA S E,FOWLER A J,JONES C M. Otolith elemental fingerprinting for stock identification of atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)using laser ablation ICPMS[J]. Ganadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1994,51:1942-1950.
[31] THORROLD S R,JONES C M,CAMPANA S E,et al. Trace element signatures in otoliths record natal river of Juvenile American shad(Alosa sapidissima)[J]. Limnology et Oceanography,1998,43(8):1826-1835.
[32] LONGMORE C,FOGARTY K,NEAT F,et al. A comparison of otolith microchemistry and otolith shape analysis for the study of spatial variation in a deep-sea teleost,coryphaenoides rupestris[J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes,2010,89:591-605.