基于改进HMM模型的3D景区地图匹配算法
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摘要
针对GPS误差和地图系统误差导致3D地图定位精度较低的问题,提出一种基于改进隐性马尔科夫模型的地图匹配算法。使用面积重叠法获取候选路段,引入距离、道路宽度和历史定位点计算观测概率,利用路网拓扑信息、游客行为特性、景点与道路的相关性计算转移概率,采用Viterbi算法得出最优匹配路段。在Unity3D平台上实现景区场景3D可视化,利用校园地图进行实验验证,结果表明,该算法匹配精度达到95.4%,在3D景区导航中具有良好的实用性和较高的准确性。
To address the low accuracy of location in 3D map due to GPS error and digital map error,a map matching algorithm based on an improved Hidden Markov Model(HMM) is introduced.This paper proposes the area overlap method to obtain the candidate road segments.The calculation of the observation probability takes the distance,road width and historical positions into account.The transition probability is computed in terms of road network topology data,the tourist's behavior characteristics and the correlation between scenic spots and roads.Then the algorithm uses the Viterbi algorithm to get the optimal matching road segments.The presented algorithm enables the 3D visualization of the scenic scene on the Unity 3D platform,and is verified by using the campus map.Experimental results show that the matching accuracy of the presented algorithm achieves 95.4%.The presented algorithm has a good performance in 3D scenic spot navigation in both practicability and accuracy.
To address the low accuracy of location in 3D map due to GPS error and digital map error,a map matching algorithm based on an improved Hidden Markov Model(HMM) is introduced.This paper proposes the area overlap method to obtain the candidate road segments.The calculation of the observation probability takes the distance,road width and historical positions into account.The transition probability is computed in terms of road network topology data,the tourist's behavior characteristics and the correlation between scenic spots and roads.Then the algorithm uses the Viterbi algorithm to get the optimal matching road segments.The presented algorithm enables the 3D visualization of the scenic scene on the Unity 3D platform,and is verified by using the campus map.Experimental results show that the matching accuracy of the presented algorithm achieves 95.4%.The presented algorithm has a good performance in 3D scenic spot navigation in both practicability and accuracy.
引文
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[13] 向长风,徐圆,朱群雄.一种面向景区导航的动态地图匹配算法[J].计算机工程,2016,42(10):32-37.
[14] 张小平,王保保,范克利.GPS 与数字地图的匹配研究[J].计算机仿真,2005,22(6):148-151.
[15] REN Ming,KARIMI H A.A hidden Markov model-based map-matching algorithm for wheelchair navigation[J].Journal of Navigation,2009,62(3):383-395.
[2] KIM D H,ATHIKULWONGSE K,HEALY M B.Design and analysis of 3D-MAPS(3D massively parallel processor with stacked memory)[J].IEEE Transactions on Computers,2014,64(1):112-125.
[3] 袁寒寒.基于多模型交互算法在三维定位导航中的应用与研究[D].南京:南京邮电大学,2017.
[4] QUDDUS M A,NOLAND R B,OCHIENG W Y.The effects of navigation sensors and spatial road network data quality on the performance of map matching algorithms[J].Geoinformatica,2009,13(1):85-108.
[5] OULASVIRTA A,ESTLANDER S,NUMINEN A.Embodied interaction with a 3D versus 2D mobile map[J].Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,2009,13(4):303-320.
[6] HASHEMI M,KARIMI H A.A critical review of real-time map-matching algorithms:current issues and future directions[J].Computers Environment and Urban Systems,2014,48(8):153-165.
[7] WHITE C E,BERNSTEIN D,KORNHAUSER A L.Some map matching algorithms for personal navigation assistants[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2000,8(1):91-108.
[8] MOHAMED R,ALY H,YOUSSEF M.Accurate and efficient map matching for challenging environments[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems.New York,USA:ACM Press,2014:401-404.
[9] FAHED A,GHALIA N,THIERRY D.A multiple-hypothesis map-matching method suitable for weighted and box-shaped state estimation for location[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2011,12(4):1495-1510.
[10] 蒋佳维,张勇.车辆定位数据实时匹配地图解决策略[J].电子设计工程,2017,25(24):88-91.
[11] GOH C Y,DAUWELS J,MITROVIC N.Online map-matching based on hidden Markov model for real-time traffic sensing applications[C]//Proceedings of International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2012:776-781.
[12] MALEKIAN R,KAVISHE A F,MAHARAJ B T.Smart vehicle navigation system using hidden Markov model and RFID Technology[J].Wireless Personal Communications,2016,90(4):1717-1742.
[13] 向长风,徐圆,朱群雄.一种面向景区导航的动态地图匹配算法[J].计算机工程,2016,42(10):32-37.
[14] 张小平,王保保,范克利.GPS 与数字地图的匹配研究[J].计算机仿真,2005,22(6):148-151.
[15] REN Ming,KARIMI H A.A hidden Markov model-based map-matching algorithm for wheelchair navigation[J].Journal of Navigation,2009,62(3):383-395.