金钗石斛开花及座果习性研究
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摘要
对金钗石斛的花和蒴果的生长习性进行观察研究,以了解金钗石斛开花及座果习性,掌握其人工授粉技术。结果表明:金钗石斛1月抽新芽,长新根,2月上旬从一年生茎节抽花芽,10~15 d后现蕾,10~15 d后开花;始花期3月上旬,盛花期3月中旬至4月中旬,末花期4月下旬;单花寿命8~10 d,鲜花瓶插寿命7~9 d,畸花率1%,开花期整齐。授粉后,花柄保持绿色,第2~3天花瓣开始皱缩。若授粉失败,4~5 d后花瓣萎蔫,子房变黄,7 d后花柄脱落;若授粉成功,7天后花柄不脱落,子房变绿膨大,15 d以后形成蒴果,并迅速膨大。90 d以后根据植株生长情况及时疏果,一般每株保留5~6个蒴果。10~11月种子成熟,可以采收,12月以后蒴果开裂,失去利用价值。得出结论:人工授粉处理极显著优于不授粉;同株自花授粉、同株异花授粉和异株异花授粉处理间差异不显著;开花1~3 d内进行人工授粉效果最好,开花第4天授粉坐果率大幅下降,开花5 d以后,花粉粒失去活性,不宜进行人工授粉。
In order to study the biological properties of Dendrobium nobile on flowering and fruiting, and master the technique of artificial pollination, the morphological characteristics and growth properties of flowers, capsule, seeds were observed to study the fruiting after being artificial pollination. The result showed that sprouting and rooting begin from January; flower buds sprout from old node at early February, and budding would start in 10-15 days. Florescence begin at early March, then from middle March to April until late April. It has 8-10 days long life for the single flower, and only 7-9 days for cut flower with 1% of abnormal flowers. After artificial pollination, the stalk is still green, and petal would shrink in 2-3 days. If pollination fails, the petal would be wilting in 4-5 days and its ovary turns yellow, the stalk falls down in 7 days; otherwise, the stem will not fall off after 7 days, the ovary keeps green and becomes bigger, and then capsules form in 15 days and grow big rapidly. Fruit thinning should be done in 90 days, but 5 or 6 fruits are contained on each plant as the best approach. Seed harvest is usually between October and December; otherwise it will lose its value when capsules break in December. In conclusion, the quality of D. nobile by artificial pollination is better that that of no-pollination. There are significance level of difference among treatments of self-pollination, geitonogamous and xenogamous. It is the best time to do the artificial pollination in first to third days after flowering. The fruit setting would decline sharply if pollinates in the 4 th day, and no artificial pollination should be done in the 5 th day of flowering as its pollen grain loses actively.
In order to study the biological properties of Dendrobium nobile on flowering and fruiting, and master the technique of artificial pollination, the morphological characteristics and growth properties of flowers, capsule, seeds were observed to study the fruiting after being artificial pollination. The result showed that sprouting and rooting begin from January; flower buds sprout from old node at early February, and budding would start in 10-15 days. Florescence begin at early March, then from middle March to April until late April. It has 8-10 days long life for the single flower, and only 7-9 days for cut flower with 1% of abnormal flowers. After artificial pollination, the stalk is still green, and petal would shrink in 2-3 days. If pollination fails, the petal would be wilting in 4-5 days and its ovary turns yellow, the stalk falls down in 7 days; otherwise, the stem will not fall off after 7 days, the ovary keeps green and becomes bigger, and then capsules form in 15 days and grow big rapidly. Fruit thinning should be done in 90 days, but 5 or 6 fruits are contained on each plant as the best approach. Seed harvest is usually between October and December; otherwise it will lose its value when capsules break in December. In conclusion, the quality of D. nobile by artificial pollination is better that that of no-pollination. There are significance level of difference among treatments of self-pollination, geitonogamous and xenogamous. It is the best time to do the artificial pollination in first to third days after flowering. The fruit setting would decline sharply if pollinates in the 4 th day, and no artificial pollination should be done in the 5 th day of flowering as its pollen grain loses actively.
引文
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[2]郑晓珂,曹新伟,冯卫生,等.金钗石斛的研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2005,14(7):826-829.
[3]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志(第19卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.113.
[4]罗焕明,郑希龙,蔡时可,等.6种石斛属植物的人工授粉试验[J].广东农业科学,2011(S1):121-123.
[2]郑晓珂,曹新伟,冯卫生,等.金钗石斛的研究进展[J].中国新药杂志,2005,14(7):826-829.
[3]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志(第19卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.113.
[4]罗焕明,郑希龙,蔡时可,等.6种石斛属植物的人工授粉试验[J].广东农业科学,2011(S1):121-123.