胎次和热应激程度对广州地区奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响
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摘要
为了探究不同胎次和热应激程度对奶牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、脂蛋比、体细胞数和高峰奶量的影响,收集了广州某奶牛场360头荷斯坦泌乳母牛近5年的奶牛生产性能测定体系(DHI)数据,用R (Version 3. 3. 2)和SPSS 20. 0软件分析了不同胎次和热应激程度对产奶量及乳成分的影响。结果:相比于其他胎次的奶牛,头胎母牛产奶量、高峰奶量较低(P<0. 05);头胎牛的脂蛋比显著高于其他胎次牛(P<0. 05),其余各胎次间差异不显著(P>0. 05);随着胎次的增加,牛奶中体细胞数存在明显的上升趋势(P<0. 05)。中度热应激下的产奶量、高峰奶量显著低于轻度热应激(P<0. 05);中度热应激下产犊的奶牛体细胞数会稍稍偏高,但与无热应激和轻度热应激下产犊的奶牛相比差异不显著(P>0. 05);乳脂率、乳蛋白率各组差异不显著(P>0. 05)。
To investigate the effects of different parity and heat stress levels on milk production,the milk fat percentage,milk protein ratio,lipid-to-egg ratio,somatic cell count,and peak milk intake of 360 Holstein dairy cows on a dairy farm in Guangzhou area studied. The DHI data of these cows collected in the past five years were analyzed with the R ( Version 3. 3. 2) and SPSS 20. 0 software to identify the effect of different levels of parity and heat stress on milk production and milk composition. The results showed that the milk production and peak milk quantity of the first-fetal cows were lower than those of other cows ( P<0. 05). The ratio of fat to protein of the first fetal cow was significantly higher than that of the other fetal cows ( P<0. 05),and there was no significant difference among the other fetuses ( P>0. 05). With the increase of parity,there was a significant increase in the count of somatic cells in milk ( P<0. 05). The milk yield and peak milk quantity under moderate heat stress were significantly lower than those under mild heat stress ( P<0. 05). The somatic cells count of cows that underwent moderate caloric stress was slightly higher than that of the cows without calorific stress or mild heat stress ( P>0. 05). And there was no significant difference in milk fat percentage and milk protein rate among all the groups ( P>0. 05).
To investigate the effects of different parity and heat stress levels on milk production,the milk fat percentage,milk protein ratio,lipid-to-egg ratio,somatic cell count,and peak milk intake of 360 Holstein dairy cows on a dairy farm in Guangzhou area studied. The DHI data of these cows collected in the past five years were analyzed with the R ( Version 3. 3. 2) and SPSS 20. 0 software to identify the effect of different levels of parity and heat stress on milk production and milk composition. The results showed that the milk production and peak milk quantity of the first-fetal cows were lower than those of other cows ( P<0. 05). The ratio of fat to protein of the first fetal cow was significantly higher than that of the other fetal cows ( P<0. 05),and there was no significant difference among the other fetuses ( P>0. 05). With the increase of parity,there was a significant increase in the count of somatic cells in milk ( P<0. 05). The milk yield and peak milk quantity under moderate heat stress were significantly lower than those under mild heat stress ( P<0. 05). The somatic cells count of cows that underwent moderate caloric stress was slightly higher than that of the cows without calorific stress or mild heat stress ( P>0. 05). And there was no significant difference in milk fat percentage and milk protein rate among all the groups ( P>0. 05).
引文
[1]马占峰,刘洪芳.影响牛奶成分的因素[J].中国奶牛,2012(1):44-46.
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[3]温雅俐.热应激对奶牛生产性能及生理机能的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[4]魏琳琳,杨继业,秦雪,等.季节、胎次、泌乳时期与奶牛产奶量及乳成分的相关分析[J].中国奶牛,2015(Z3):10-14.
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[7]肖西山,付静涛,雷莉辉,等.奶牛胎次与日产奶量和体细胞数量的关系分析[J].当代畜牧,2014(6):42-43.
[8]廉红霞,周亚丽,高腾云.胎次对荷斯坦牛产奶量及乳脂率的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2013(6):26-28.
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[10]田树清.胎次和泌乳阶段对奶牛外周血白细胞和乳体细胞及相关酶活性影响的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2010.
[11]童雄,王秀娟,李大刚,等.华南地区荷斯坦牛泌乳性能在季节、胎次、泌乳时期影响下的变化规律[J].华南农业大学学报,2018(2):1-7.
[12]常玲玲,杨章平,陈仁金,等.南方集约化饲养条件下荷斯坦奶牛乳脂率和乳蛋白率变化规律的初步研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010(1):43-47.
[13]薛白,王之盛,李胜利,等.温湿度指数与奶牛生产性能的关系[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010(3):153-157.
[14]吴红岳,徐庆林,丁猛.产犊季节、胎次对荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响[J].中国奶牛,2003(5):39-40.
[15]王璐菊,郭全奎,张勇.产犊季节及胎次对甘肃会宁地区荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响[J].中国牛业科学,2015(3):42-46.
[16]王前,林玲,陈惠珍.主要气候因子对广州地区黑白花奶牛产奶量的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,1993(2):26-27.
[17]Silanikove N,Shapiro F,Shinder D.Acute heat stress brings down milk secretion in dairy cows by up-regulating the activity of the milk-borne negative feedback regulatory system[J].BMC Physiol,2009,9(1):13.
[18]赖安强,王之盛,王祖新,等.不同饲喂方式下西南地区中国荷斯坦牛乳中体细胞数变化规律研究[J].中国奶牛,2009(2):40-43.
[19]王文强,刘贤慧,李蕊,等.南方地区某牧场荷斯坦牛泌乳期乳成分及主要物理指标分析[J].中国奶牛,2015(2):1-5.
[20]黄春华,呼格吉勒图,葛根,等.呼和浩特近郊奶牛乳样体细胞分与乳成分相关性分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013(1):191-196.
[2]Beaudeau F,Fourichon C,Seegers H,et al.Risk of clinical mastitis in dairy herds with a high proportion of low individual milk somatic cell counts[J].Prev Vet Med,2000,53(1):43-54.
[3]温雅俐.热应激对奶牛生产性能及生理机能的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[4]魏琳琳,杨继业,秦雪,等.季节、胎次、泌乳时期与奶牛产奶量及乳成分的相关分析[J].中国奶牛,2015(Z3):10-14.
[5]Wiersma F.Temperature-humidity index table for dairy producers to estimate heat stress for dairy cows[D].Tucson:Dept Agric Eng,Univ Arizona,1990.
[6]魏鹏飞,张淑君,滑国华.不同养殖模式下产犊季节、泌乳季节及胎次对荷斯坦牛产奶量及乳品质的影响[J].中国奶牛,2017(01):21-25.
[7]肖西山,付静涛,雷莉辉,等.奶牛胎次与日产奶量和体细胞数量的关系分析[J].当代畜牧,2014(6):42-43.
[8]廉红霞,周亚丽,高腾云.胎次对荷斯坦牛产奶量及乳脂率的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2013(6):26-28.
[9]刘姗,刘念锐,陈佩琪,等.产犊季节和胎次对测定奶牛日泌乳性能的影响[J].中国牛业科学,2013(2):27-30.
[10]田树清.胎次和泌乳阶段对奶牛外周血白细胞和乳体细胞及相关酶活性影响的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2010.
[11]童雄,王秀娟,李大刚,等.华南地区荷斯坦牛泌乳性能在季节、胎次、泌乳时期影响下的变化规律[J].华南农业大学学报,2018(2):1-7.
[12]常玲玲,杨章平,陈仁金,等.南方集约化饲养条件下荷斯坦奶牛乳脂率和乳蛋白率变化规律的初步研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010(1):43-47.
[13]薛白,王之盛,李胜利,等.温湿度指数与奶牛生产性能的关系[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010(3):153-157.
[14]吴红岳,徐庆林,丁猛.产犊季节、胎次对荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响[J].中国奶牛,2003(5):39-40.
[15]王璐菊,郭全奎,张勇.产犊季节及胎次对甘肃会宁地区荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响[J].中国牛业科学,2015(3):42-46.
[16]王前,林玲,陈惠珍.主要气候因子对广州地区黑白花奶牛产奶量的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,1993(2):26-27.
[17]Silanikove N,Shapiro F,Shinder D.Acute heat stress brings down milk secretion in dairy cows by up-regulating the activity of the milk-borne negative feedback regulatory system[J].BMC Physiol,2009,9(1):13.
[18]赖安强,王之盛,王祖新,等.不同饲喂方式下西南地区中国荷斯坦牛乳中体细胞数变化规律研究[J].中国奶牛,2009(2):40-43.
[19]王文强,刘贤慧,李蕊,等.南方地区某牧场荷斯坦牛泌乳期乳成分及主要物理指标分析[J].中国奶牛,2015(2):1-5.
[20]黄春华,呼格吉勒图,葛根,等.呼和浩特近郊奶牛乳样体细胞分与乳成分相关性分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013(1):191-196.