基于FE-SEM大视域拼接技术定量表征致密砂岩储集空间——以泌阳凹陷核桃园组为例
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摘要
通过铸体薄片与场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM),将泌阳凹陷核桃园组三段致密砂岩储层储集空间分为粒间孔、粒内孔、裂缝三大类,以粒间孔与粒内孔为主,再根据矿物组成将粒间孔划分为石英粒间孔、长石粒间孔、石英颗粒边缘孔、长石颗粒边缘孔、碳酸盐矿物粒间孔,将粒内孔分为石英溶蚀孔、长石溶蚀孔、碳酸盐矿物粒内孔、黏土矿物晶间孔等,粒内孔在中部3023~3035m层段相对发育。基于高分辨率FE-SEM大视域拼接技术,将上述所细分孔隙类型进行了定量标定。研究结果表明,泌阳凹陷核三段致密砂岩储层面孔率为3.75%,其中粒间孔与粒内孔面孔率分别为2.35%和1.38%,裂缝面孔率仅为0.02%。不同的储集空间类型中,孔隙直径的分布有所差异,其中石英粒间孔与长石粒间孔均以50~100nm的直径所占比例最大,占比分别为42.4%与30%,石英颗粒边缘孔与长石颗粒边缘孔则以直径100~200nm的居多,均占30%;粒间孔中,尽管直径大于1000nm的孔隙所占数量比例均小于6%,但其对孔隙面积的贡献非常大,其中直径大于1000nm的石英粒间孔与长石粒间孔均占其总孔隙面积的95%以上;各类型粒内孔均以直径100~200nm的孔隙为主,石英溶蚀孔及长石溶蚀孔在孔隙面积分布上与其他粒内孔有所差异,其孔隙面积以直径200~500nm的孔隙略具优势,所占比例均大于35%。
Based on casting thin sections and FE-SEM(field emission scanning electron microscope), the reservoir space of tight sandstone in the 3 rd member of the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang sag is divided into three types, including intergranular pores, intragranular pores and fractures. The former two, intergranular pores and intragranular pores, are primary reservoir space. According to the mineral composition, the intergranular pores are divided into quartz and feldspar intergranular pores, quartz and feldspar grain-boundary pores, and intergranular carbonate pores; the intragranular pores are divided into dissolved quartz and feldspar pores, intragranular carbonate pores and intercrystalline clay pores, which are relatively developed between 3023 m and 3035 m. Theses pore types are quantitatively calibrated based on a highresolution and large-view FE-SEM splicing technology. The results show that the surface porosity of the tight sandstone in the 3 rd member of Hetaoyuan Formation is 3.75%, of which intergranular pores, intragranular pores and fractures account for 2.35%, 1.38% and 0.02%, respectively. In various types of reservoirs, the pore diameters have some differences, the intergranular pores of quartz and feldspar mainly ranging from 50 to 100 nm account for 42.4% and 30% respectively, and the grain-boundary quartz and feldspar pores mostly from 100 to 200 nm account for 30% each. Although the intergranular pores larger than 1000 nm account for less than 6%, they contribute more to total pore volume, of which the intergranular quartz and feldspar pores larger than 1000 nm account for 95% of each pore volume. The intragranular pores in the range of 100 to 200 nm are dominant; quartz and feldspar dissolution pores are slight different from other types, and the pores between 200 and 500 nm are dominant, and account for more than 35% of each total pore volume.
Based on casting thin sections and FE-SEM(field emission scanning electron microscope), the reservoir space of tight sandstone in the 3 rd member of the Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang sag is divided into three types, including intergranular pores, intragranular pores and fractures. The former two, intergranular pores and intragranular pores, are primary reservoir space. According to the mineral composition, the intergranular pores are divided into quartz and feldspar intergranular pores, quartz and feldspar grain-boundary pores, and intergranular carbonate pores; the intragranular pores are divided into dissolved quartz and feldspar pores, intragranular carbonate pores and intercrystalline clay pores, which are relatively developed between 3023 m and 3035 m. Theses pore types are quantitatively calibrated based on a highresolution and large-view FE-SEM splicing technology. The results show that the surface porosity of the tight sandstone in the 3 rd member of Hetaoyuan Formation is 3.75%, of which intergranular pores, intragranular pores and fractures account for 2.35%, 1.38% and 0.02%, respectively. In various types of reservoirs, the pore diameters have some differences, the intergranular pores of quartz and feldspar mainly ranging from 50 to 100 nm account for 42.4% and 30% respectively, and the grain-boundary quartz and feldspar pores mostly from 100 to 200 nm account for 30% each. Although the intergranular pores larger than 1000 nm account for less than 6%, they contribute more to total pore volume, of which the intergranular quartz and feldspar pores larger than 1000 nm account for 95% of each pore volume. The intragranular pores in the range of 100 to 200 nm are dominant; quartz and feldspar dissolution pores are slight different from other types, and the pores between 200 and 500 nm are dominant, and account for more than 35% of each total pore volume.
引文
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[2]王伟明,李勇,汪正江,聂舟,陈斌,颜照坤,等.致密砂岩储层岩石脆性评价及相关因素分析[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(6):50-57.Wang Weiming,Li Yong,Wang Zhengjiang,Nie Zhou,Chen Bin,Yan Zhaokun,et al.Evaluation of rock brittleness and analysis of related factors for tight sandstone reservoirs[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(6):50-57.
[3]郭迎春,庞雄奇,陈冬霞,姜福杰,汤国民.致密砂岩气成藏研究进展及值得关注的几个问题[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):717-724.Guo Yingchun,Pang Xiongqi,Chen Dongxia,Jiang Fujie,Tang Guomin.Progress of research on hydrocarbon accumulation of tight sand gas and several issues for concerns[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):717-724.
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[6]刘冬冬,张晨,罗群,张译丹,高阳,张云钊,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层裂缝发育特征及控制因素[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(4):36-47.Liu Dongdong,Zhang Chen,Luo Qun,Zhang Yidan,Gao Yang,Zhang Yunzhao,et al.Development characteristics and controlling factors of natural fractures in Permian Lucaogou Formation tight reservoir in Jimsar sag,Junggar Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(4):36-47.
[7]白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,杨文静,Gelb J,Gu A,等.利用多尺度CT成像表征致密砂岩微观孔喉结构[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(3):329-333.Bai Bin,Zhu Rukai,Wu Songtao,Yang Wenjing,Gelb J,Gu A,et al.Multi-scale method of Nano(Micro)-CT study on microscopic pore structure of tight sandstone of Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(3):329-333.
[8]白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,崔景伟,苏玲,李婷婷.非常规油气致密储层微观孔喉结构表征新技术及意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(3):78-86.Bai Bin,Zhu Rukai,Wu Songtao,Cui Jingwei,Su Ling,Li Tingting.New micro-throat structural characterization techniques for unconventional tight hydrocarbon reservoir[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(3):78-86.
[9]尉鹏飞,张金川,隆帅,彭建龙,邓恩德,吕艳南,等.四川盆地及周缘地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构及其发育主控因素[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(5):42-51.Wei Pengfei,Zhang Jinchuan,Long Shuai,Peng Jianlong,Deng Ende,LüYannan,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of microscopic pore structure of Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(5):42-51.
[10]王海生.雷家地区湖相碳酸盐岩致密油储层微观特征[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(5):26-29.Wang Haisheng.Microscopic properties of lacustrine carbonate tight oil reservoir in Leijia[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(5):26-29.
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[13]Rine J M,Smart E,Dorsey W,Hooghan K,Dixon M.Comparision of porosity distribution within selected north American shale units by SEM examination of argon-ion milled samples[J].Houston Geological Society Bulletin,2014,56(7):17-21.
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