柔性辟谷技术改善强戒所戒毒人员心理成瘾性的探索研究
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摘要
目的研究为期7天的柔性辟谷技术干预对强制隔离戒毒所戒毒人员心理状况、毒品渴求以及肠道菌群的影响。方法通过戒毒所招募30名强戒人员作为研究对象,进行为期7天的柔性辟谷技术干预,分析干预前和干预后症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、意志力量表和毒品渴求量表各项得分变化。通过肠道菌群16SrDNA测序,分析强戒人员干预前、干预后和恢复饮食一周后的肠道菌群多样性和组成结构变化。结果干预前后,强戒人员SCL-90量表各项目得分变化、SAS和意志力量表得分变化均不具统计学意义(P>0.05);毒品渴求量表总均分和"渴求频率"干预后显著下降(P<0.05),"毒品影响"和"毒品失控"变化不显著(P>0.05),其中海洛因成瘾组总均分和"毒品影响"显著下降(P<0.05),冰毒成瘾组各项目得分变化均不显著(P>0.05)。恢复饮食一周后,肠道菌群多样性指数Chao和Shannon显著升高(P<0.05)。干预后和恢复饮食一周后,肠道菌群门分类水平和属分类水平部分细菌相对丰度发生显著改变。结论为期7天的柔性辟谷干预可帮助强戒人员改善毒品心理渴求状况,不同吸毒种类改善效果有所差异。经过柔性辟谷技术干预后,强戒人员肠道菌群丰富度和多样性显著提高,肠道菌群组成得到优化,可能与毒品成瘾改善有关。
Objective To study the effects of 7-day flexible fasting technology on psychological status,drug craving and gut flora of the detoxification trainees in the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation center.Methods 30 detoxification trainees in a compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation center were recruited as volunteers to receive the treatment of flexible fasting for 7 days.Before and after the flexible fasting intervention,the volunteers were tested by the symptom checklist(SCL-90),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),willpower checklist and drug craving scale.By16 SrDNA sequencing of gut flora,the diversity and composition of gut flora were analyzed before,after intervention and after one-week resumption of diet.Results After 7 days' flexible fasting,the change of each item score of SCL-90 showed no statistically significance(P>0.05).The anxiety score and willpower score changed insignificantly,too.In the drug craving scale,the total average score and "craving frequency" in drug craving scale significantly decreased(P<0.05).The change of "drug impact" and "drug without control" were not significant(P>0.05).Heroin group's total average score and "drug impact" significantly decreased(P<0.05),and methamphetamine group's each item score of drug craving scale showed no significant changes(P>0.05).After one-week resumption of diet,Chao and Shannon,the diversity index of gut flora,increased significantly(P<0.05).After intervention and after oneweek resumption of diet,the relative abundance of partial bacteria in the gut changed significantly at the taxonomic level of phylum and the taxonomic level of genus.Conclusion The 7-day flexible fasting intervention may help the detoxification trainees to improve their status of psychological drug craving,and the improvement of different drug types are different.After intervention,the richness and diversity of gut flora were significantly increased,and the composition of gut flora was changed,which is probably related with the drug addiction.
Objective To study the effects of 7-day flexible fasting technology on psychological status,drug craving and gut flora of the detoxification trainees in the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation center.Methods 30 detoxification trainees in a compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation center were recruited as volunteers to receive the treatment of flexible fasting for 7 days.Before and after the flexible fasting intervention,the volunteers were tested by the symptom checklist(SCL-90),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),willpower checklist and drug craving scale.By16 SrDNA sequencing of gut flora,the diversity and composition of gut flora were analyzed before,after intervention and after one-week resumption of diet.Results After 7 days' flexible fasting,the change of each item score of SCL-90 showed no statistically significance(P>0.05).The anxiety score and willpower score changed insignificantly,too.In the drug craving scale,the total average score and "craving frequency" in drug craving scale significantly decreased(P<0.05).The change of "drug impact" and "drug without control" were not significant(P>0.05).Heroin group's total average score and "drug impact" significantly decreased(P<0.05),and methamphetamine group's each item score of drug craving scale showed no significant changes(P>0.05).After one-week resumption of diet,Chao and Shannon,the diversity index of gut flora,increased significantly(P<0.05).After intervention and after oneweek resumption of diet,the relative abundance of partial bacteria in the gut changed significantly at the taxonomic level of phylum and the taxonomic level of genus.Conclusion The 7-day flexible fasting intervention may help the detoxification trainees to improve their status of psychological drug craving,and the improvement of different drug types are different.After intervention,the richness and diversity of gut flora were significantly increased,and the composition of gut flora was changed,which is probably related with the drug addiction.
引文
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[16]张成岗,巩文静.基于饥饿源于菌群的新发现将引发慢病防控突破性进展[J].科技导报,2017,35(21):43-48.
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[18]Franken IH,Hendriksa VM,Vand BW.Initial validation of two opiate craving questionnaires:The obsessive compulsive drug use scale and the desires for drug questionnaire[J].Addict Behav,2002,27(5):675-685.
[19]韦威全.海洛因成瘾者渴求影响因素分析及其量表评价[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[20]Langlois LD,Nugent FS.Opiates and plasticity in the ventral tegmental area[J].Acs Chem Neurosci,2017,8(9):1830.
[21]Boekhoudt L,Roelofs TJ,de Jong JW,et al.Does activation of midbrain dopamine neurons promote or reduce feeding?[J].Int J Obesity,2017,41(7):1131-1140.
[22]张旭光,才绍江,王岚,等.不同膳食模式对个体代谢和肠道菌群影响的研究进展[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,2016(2):165-170.
[23]Anni W,Michael B.The Intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease[J].Nutrients,2016,8(4),202.
[24]Arora T,Bckhed F.The gut microbiota and metabolic disease:current understanding and future perspectives[J].J Intern Med,2016,280(4):339-349.
[25]Kovatchevadatchary P,Arora T.Nutrition,the gut microbiome and the metabolic syndrome[J].Best Pract Res Cl Ga,2013,27(1):59-72.
[26]Mazidi M,Rezaie P,Kengne AP,et al.Gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome[J].Diabetes Metab Syndr,2016,10(2):S150-S157.
[27]Ning T,Gong X,Xie L,et al.Gut microbiota analysis in rats with methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference[J].Front Microbiol,2017,8(1):1620.
[28]Banerjee S,Sindberg G,Wang F,et al.Opioid-induced gut microbial disruption and bile dysregulation leads to gut barrier compromise and sustained systemic inflammation[J].Mucosal Immunol,2016,9(6):1418-1428.
[29]Kiraly DD,Walker DM,Calipari ES,et al.Alterations of the Host Microbiome Affect Behavioral Responses to Cocaine[J].Sci Rep,2016(6):35455.收稿日期本文编辑杨婷婷
[2]王品卿,曾天德.戒毒人员心理健康状况调查与对策研究[J].牡丹江师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(2):130-133.
[3]林璋,祖先鹏,谢海胜,等.肠道菌群与人体疾病发病机制的研究进展[J].药学学报,2016(6):843-852.
[4]罗佳,金锋.肠道菌群影响宿主行为的研究进展[J].科学通报,2014,59(22):2169-2190.
[5]Foster JA,Neufeld MV.Gut-brain axis:how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression[J].Trend Neur,2013,36(5):305.
[6]Forsythe P,Sudo N,Dinan T,et al.Mood and gut feelings[J].Brain Behav Immun,2010,24(1):9-16.
[7]Collins SM,Bercik P.The relationship between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system in normal gastrointestinal function and disease[J].Gastroenterology,2009,136(6):2003-2014.
[8]Cockburn DW,Koropatkin NM.Polysaccharide degradation by the intestinal microbiota and its influence on human health and disease[J].J Mol Biol,2016,428(16):3230-3252.
[9]杭锋,伍剑锋,王荫榆,等.低聚果糖调节人体肠道菌群功能的研究[J].乳业科学与技术,2010,33(3):108-111.
[10]Fernández J,Redondo-Blanco S,Gutiérrez-Del-Río I,et al.Colon microbiota fermentation of dietary prebiotics towards short-chain fatty acids and their roles as anti-inflammatory and antitumour agents:A review[J].J Funct Foods,2016(25):511-522.
[11]Latorre R,Sternini C,De Giorgio R,et al.Enteroendocrine Cells:a review of their role in brain-gut communication[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2016,28(5):620-630.
[12]Sternini C,Anselmi L,Rozengurt E.Enteroendocrine cells:a site of'taste'in gastrointestinal chemosensing[J].Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes,2008,15(1):73-78.
[13]Larraufie P,Martingallausiaux C,Lapaque N,et al.SCFAs strongly stimulate PYY production in human enteroendocrine cells[J].Sci Rep,2018(8):74.
[14]Yamane S,Inagaki N.Regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1sensitivity by gut microbiota dysbiosis[J].JDiabetes Invest,2017,9(2):262-264.
[15]张成岗.当前慢病防控困境迫切呼唤新医学和菌心说[J].科技导报,2015,33(22):106-111.
[16]张成岗,巩文静.基于饥饿源于菌群的新发现将引发慢病防控突破性进展[J].科技导报,2017,35(21):43-48.
[17]巩文静.柔性辟谷技术用于改善体重的临床观察研究[D].北京:军事医学科学院,2017.
[18]Franken IH,Hendriksa VM,Vand BW.Initial validation of two opiate craving questionnaires:The obsessive compulsive drug use scale and the desires for drug questionnaire[J].Addict Behav,2002,27(5):675-685.
[19]韦威全.海洛因成瘾者渴求影响因素分析及其量表评价[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[20]Langlois LD,Nugent FS.Opiates and plasticity in the ventral tegmental area[J].Acs Chem Neurosci,2017,8(9):1830.
[21]Boekhoudt L,Roelofs TJ,de Jong JW,et al.Does activation of midbrain dopamine neurons promote or reduce feeding?[J].Int J Obesity,2017,41(7):1131-1140.
[22]张旭光,才绍江,王岚,等.不同膳食模式对个体代谢和肠道菌群影响的研究进展[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,2016(2):165-170.
[23]Anni W,Michael B.The Intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease[J].Nutrients,2016,8(4),202.
[24]Arora T,Bckhed F.The gut microbiota and metabolic disease:current understanding and future perspectives[J].J Intern Med,2016,280(4):339-349.
[25]Kovatchevadatchary P,Arora T.Nutrition,the gut microbiome and the metabolic syndrome[J].Best Pract Res Cl Ga,2013,27(1):59-72.
[26]Mazidi M,Rezaie P,Kengne AP,et al.Gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome[J].Diabetes Metab Syndr,2016,10(2):S150-S157.
[27]Ning T,Gong X,Xie L,et al.Gut microbiota analysis in rats with methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference[J].Front Microbiol,2017,8(1):1620.
[28]Banerjee S,Sindberg G,Wang F,et al.Opioid-induced gut microbial disruption and bile dysregulation leads to gut barrier compromise and sustained systemic inflammation[J].Mucosal Immunol,2016,9(6):1418-1428.
[29]Kiraly DD,Walker DM,Calipari ES,et al.Alterations of the Host Microbiome Affect Behavioral Responses to Cocaine[J].Sci Rep,2016(6):35455.收稿日期本文编辑杨婷婷