生态位视角下长江经济带科技创新竞争力评价及演化
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摘要
针对长江经济带存在的"区域创新发展差距、科技资源分布不均"等问题,基于生态位视角,构建科技创新竞争力评价模型,对沿线11个省(市)生态位值、生态位宽度、生态位重叠度的演化进行分析。结果发现:①各地科技创新竞争力综合生态位值未呈现随时间增长态势,从大到小表现出从东到西距离衰减性,其中,上海持续递减,贵州持续递增,湖南先上升后下降,其他地区波动不一;②各地科技创新竞争力平均生态位宽度变化范围在0～0.4447,江苏最宽,贵州最窄,上海、浙江和四川呈缩减趋势,其余波动增长;③各地科技创新竞争力生态位重叠度变化范围在0.4391～0.9418,省域间存在高度竞争。进而,提出强化核心区辐射带动、开展次级区错位发展、实施边缘区特色策略等对策建议。
Aiming at the problems of regional innovation development gap and uneven distribution of scientific and technological resources existing in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this paper constructs an evaluation model of scientific and technological innovation competitiveness based on the niche theory. And then, it analyzes the evaluation of niche value, niche breadth and niche overlap degree of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Results show that, firstly the comprehensive niche value of scientific and technological innovation competitiveness in the 11 provinces does not show a growth trend with time, it shows attenuation from east to west. Among them, Shanghai province continues to decline, Guizhou province continued to increase and Hunan province first rose and then fell, while other provinces fluctuates differently. Secondly, the average niche breadth of scientific and technological innovation competitiveness varies from 0 to 0.4447. Among them, Jiangsu province is the widest, Guizhou Province is the narrowest, Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces show a shrinking trend while the rest provinces are fluctuating growth. Thirdly, the rang of niche overlap degree of scientific and technological innovation competitiveness in the 11 provinces varies from 0.4391 to 0.9418, and there is a high degree of competition between provinces. Therefore, it puts forward some relevant policy suggestions from the aspects of strengthening core area radiating drive, developing secondary area dislocation development and implementing edge area characteristic strategy.
Aiming at the problems of regional innovation development gap and uneven distribution of scientific and technological resources existing in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this paper constructs an evaluation model of scientific and technological innovation competitiveness based on the niche theory. And then, it analyzes the evaluation of niche value, niche breadth and niche overlap degree of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Results show that, firstly the comprehensive niche value of scientific and technological innovation competitiveness in the 11 provinces does not show a growth trend with time, it shows attenuation from east to west. Among them, Shanghai province continues to decline, Guizhou province continued to increase and Hunan province first rose and then fell, while other provinces fluctuates differently. Secondly, the average niche breadth of scientific and technological innovation competitiveness varies from 0 to 0.4447. Among them, Jiangsu province is the widest, Guizhou Province is the narrowest, Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces show a shrinking trend while the rest provinces are fluctuating growth. Thirdly, the rang of niche overlap degree of scientific and technological innovation competitiveness in the 11 provinces varies from 0.4391 to 0.9418, and there is a high degree of competition between provinces. Therefore, it puts forward some relevant policy suggestions from the aspects of strengthening core area radiating drive, developing secondary area dislocation development and implementing edge area characteristic strategy.
引文
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[22] 胡晓辉,杜德斌.城市科技竞争力的生态位评价研究——以浙江省11市为例[J].科技进步与对策,2012,29(12):36-40.
[23] 李耀华.降低上海科技创新成本的探讨[J].上海经济研究,2015(12):71-78.
[24] 韩磊,周荣华.江苏科技创新动力机制构建研究[J].改革与战略,2018(4):80-85.
[25] 尚庆琛.上海研发外包融合发展的战略思考:必要性、可行性和策略[J].中国科技论坛,2016(6):62-68.
[26] 张国良,杨蓉.经济新常态下科技创新驱动与经济转型升级对策研究——以浙江省为例[J].科学管理研究,2017(4):64-67.
[27] 喻开志,吕笑月,黄楚蘅.四川省科技创新对区域经济增长的直接影响及其溢出效应[J].财经科学,2016(7):111-120.
[28] 彭珊,朱枫.贵州省科技创新状况及对策探析[J].贵州社会科学,2015(3):164-168.
[2] 严翔,成长春.长江经济带科技创新效率与生态环境非均衡发展研究——基于双门槛面板模型[J].软科学,2018(2):11-15.
[3] 董晔璐.我国区域科技竞争力分析与评价[J].科学管理研究,2013,31(4):73-75.
[4] Gonzálezpernía J L,Penalegazkue I,Vendrellherrero F.Innovation,Entrepreneurial Activity and Competitiveness at a Sub-national Level [J].Small Business Economics,2012,39(3):561-574.
[5] Lengyel I,Rechnitzer J.Drivers of Regional Competitiveness in the Central European Countries [J].Transition Studies Review,2013,20(3):421-435.
[6] 苏天恩.东部地区科技创新竞争力三维评价与优化对策研究[J].东南学术,2014(6):127-134.
[7] 张振山,赵新力,王丹,等.基于直接评价法的省域科技创新竞争力及其影响因素研究[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(7):76-82.
[8] Grinnell J.The Niche-Relationships of the California Thrasher[J].Auk,1917,34(4):427-433.
[9] Verbong G,Christiaens W,Raven R,et al.Strategic Niche Management in an Unstable Regime:Biomass Gasification in India.[J].Environmental Science & Policy,2010,13(4):272-281.
[10] Lopolito A,Morone P,Sisto R.Innovation Niches and Socio-technical Transition:A Case Study of Bio-refinery Production [J].Futures,2011,43(1):27-38.
[11] Zhao Z Y,Ling W J,Zillante G.An Evaluation of Chinese Wind Turbine Manufacturers Using the Enterprise Niche Theory[J].Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(1):725-734.
[12] 黄江明,丁玲,崔争艳.企业生态位构筑商业生态竞争优势:宇通和北汽案例比较[J].管理评论,2016,28(5):220-231.
[13] 施建刚,张永刚,吴光东.基于生命特征的城市竞争生态位评价分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018(1):35-42.
[14] 胡小飞,邹妍.我国长江经济带研究的文献计量与可视化分析[J].华东经济管理,2017,31(6):166-173.
[15] 朱春全.生态位态势理论与扩充假说[J].生态学报,1997,17(3):324-332.
[16] 张光明,谢寿昌.生态位概念演变与展望[J].生态学杂志,1997,16(6):46-51.
[17] Shannon CE,Weaver W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Chicago:University of Illinois Press,1963.
[18] 周彬,钟林生,陈田.基于生态位的黑龙江省中俄界江生态旅游潜力评价[J].资源科学,2014,36(6):1142-1151.
[19] Pianka E R.Niche Overlap and Diffuse Competition [J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1974,71(5):2141-2145.
[20] Haken H.Synergetics:An Introduction[M].Berlin:Spring-Verlag,1983.
[21] 程乾,方琳.生态位视角下长三角文化旅游创意产业竞争力评价模型构建及实证[J].经济地理,2015,35(7):183-189.
[22] 胡晓辉,杜德斌.城市科技竞争力的生态位评价研究——以浙江省11市为例[J].科技进步与对策,2012,29(12):36-40.
[23] 李耀华.降低上海科技创新成本的探讨[J].上海经济研究,2015(12):71-78.
[24] 韩磊,周荣华.江苏科技创新动力机制构建研究[J].改革与战略,2018(4):80-85.
[25] 尚庆琛.上海研发外包融合发展的战略思考:必要性、可行性和策略[J].中国科技论坛,2016(6):62-68.
[26] 张国良,杨蓉.经济新常态下科技创新驱动与经济转型升级对策研究——以浙江省为例[J].科学管理研究,2017(4):64-67.
[27] 喻开志,吕笑月,黄楚蘅.四川省科技创新对区域经济增长的直接影响及其溢出效应[J].财经科学,2016(7):111-120.
[28] 彭珊,朱枫.贵州省科技创新状况及对策探析[J].贵州社会科学,2015(3):164-168.