赣江水系大型底栖动物多样性与受胁因子初探
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摘要
赣江是长江的第七大支流,孕育了极为丰富的大型底栖动物多样性,而相关的研究明显不足。基于文献调研和2016–2017年现场调查,本研究系统评估了赣江水系大型底栖动物多样性及其受胁因素。共记录底栖动物5门10纲27目95科204属330种(历史记录138种, 2016–2017年记录267种)。历史记录中国特有软体动物计48种(腹足类17种,双壳类31种),目前记录32种。优势种主要是一些耐污种和广布种。中游支流的密度、生物量和丰富度指数要高于赣江干流、上游支流和下游支流。典范对应分析结果表明,底栖动物的分布主要受海拔、基质、流速、浊度、挖沙等环境因子以及不同尺度空间因子的驱动。偏CCA结果显示,环境过滤对群落结构的影响高于空间过程。本研究结果可为赣江流域水生生物的保护和管理提供科学依据。
The Ganjiang River is the seventh-largest first-level tributary of the Yangtze River, and knowledge is limited about the river's macrobenthos assemblages. Here, we carried out a comprehensive assessment of macrobenthos species diversity in the river system, and then identified the potential drivers of the observed community patterns based on combined datasets of available historical records and field investigations from 2016–2017. A total of 330 species have been recorded to date, including 138 from the historical record and an additional 267 from the 2016–2017 investigations. In particular, this river network harbors a high array of mollusk diversity, with 17 gastropods and 31 bivalves endemic to China while 32 molluscs endemic to China were recorded in the 2016–2017 investigations. The dominant species in the Ganjiang River can tolerate pollutants. The density, biomass and richness index of branches of midstream were all higher than those of main stream, branches of the upstream and branches of the downstream. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that five environmental factors(substrate, sand-excavating, altitude, turbidity, velocity) and four spatial factors(PCNM1, PCNM11, PCNM12, PCNM15) were the key drivers structuring macrobenthos community variation. The variation partitioning analysis indicated that the environmental factors had a stronger effect on macrobenthos communities than the spatial factors. This study provides useful information to enhance the conservation of benthic biodiversity in the Ganjiang River.
The Ganjiang River is the seventh-largest first-level tributary of the Yangtze River, and knowledge is limited about the river's macrobenthos assemblages. Here, we carried out a comprehensive assessment of macrobenthos species diversity in the river system, and then identified the potential drivers of the observed community patterns based on combined datasets of available historical records and field investigations from 2016–2017. A total of 330 species have been recorded to date, including 138 from the historical record and an additional 267 from the 2016–2017 investigations. In particular, this river network harbors a high array of mollusk diversity, with 17 gastropods and 31 bivalves endemic to China while 32 molluscs endemic to China were recorded in the 2016–2017 investigations. The dominant species in the Ganjiang River can tolerate pollutants. The density, biomass and richness index of branches of midstream were all higher than those of main stream, branches of the upstream and branches of the downstream. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that five environmental factors(substrate, sand-excavating, altitude, turbidity, velocity) and four spatial factors(PCNM1, PCNM11, PCNM12, PCNM15) were the key drivers structuring macrobenthos community variation. The variation partitioning analysis indicated that the environmental factors had a stronger effect on macrobenthos communities than the spatial factors. This study provides useful information to enhance the conservation of benthic biodiversity in the Ganjiang River.
引文
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(1)肖晋志(2012)鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区及周边河流大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.
(2)李文浩(2016)江西仙女湖流域大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.?生物多样性
(1)丛明(2011)赣江流域底栖动物生态学研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.
(2)肖晋志(2012)鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区及周边河流大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.?生物多样性
(1)肖晋志(2012)鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区及周边河流大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.
(2)丛明(2011)赣江流域底栖动物生态学研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.
(3)郎宇(2013)基于CASA模型的江西省赣江流域植被NPP估算研究.硕士学位论文,长安大学,西安.?生物多样性
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Chen CC,Zhang YQ,Xiang Y,Wang LC(2014)Study on runoff responses to land use change in Ganjiang basin.Journal of Natural Resources,29,1758-1769.(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈昌春,张余庆,项瑛,王腊春(2014)土地利用变化对赣江流域径流的影响研究.自然资源学报,29,1758-1769.]
Cottenie K(2005)Integrating environmental and spatial processes in ecological community dynamics.Ecology Letters,8,1175-1182.
Ding JH,Yang W,Jin XW,Deng DG,Ge Q,Liu ZG(2012)Community structure of macrozoobenthos and biological evaluation of water quality in lower reaches of GanjiangRiver.Journal of Lake Sciences,24,593-599.(in Chinese with English abstract)[丁建华,杨威,金显文,邓道贵,葛茜,刘足根(2012)赣江下游流域大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价.湖泊科学,24,593-599.]
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Epler JH(2011)Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae(Diptera)of North and South Carolina.North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,St.Johns River Water Management District,Palatka,FL.
Fang HY,Zhang FF,Zhang M,Chen HW,Li HM,Liu ZG(2011)Community structure of macrozoobenthos and biological evaluation of water quality in Yuanhe River of Ganjiang River basin.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,39,2254-2257.(in Chinese with English abstract)[方红亚,张方方,张萌,陈宏文,李惠民,刘足根(2011)赣江流域袁河底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价.安徽农业科学,39,2254-2257.]
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Heino J(2013)Does dispersal ability affect the relative importance of environmental control and spatial structuring of littoral macroinvertebrate communities.Oecologia,171,971-980.
Heino J,Melo AS,Bini LM,Altermatt F,Al-Shami SA,Angeler DG,Bonada N,Brand C,Callisto M,Cottenie K,Dangles O,Dudgeon D,Encalada A,Gothe E,Gronroos M,Hamada N,Jacobsen D,Landeiro VL,Ligeiro R,Martins RT,Miserendino ML,Md Rawi CS,Rodrigues ME,Roque FD,Sandin L,Schmera D,Sgarbi LF,Simaika JP,Siqueira T,Thompson RM,Townsend CR(2015)A comparative analysis reveals weak relationships between ecological factors and beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities at two spatial levels.Ecology and Evolution,5,1235-1248.
Hu ZQ(2005)Geographical distribution of endemic species of Chinese freshwater bivalves.Chinese Journal of Zoology,40(6),80-83.(in Chinese with English abstract)[胡自强(2005)中国淡水双壳类特有种的地理分布.动物学杂志,40(6),80-83.]
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Jiang XM,Xiong J,Xie ZC(2016)Longitudinal and seasonal patterns of macroinvertebrate communities in a large undammed river system in Southwest China.Quaternary International,440,1-12.
Jonathan MC,Mathew AL(2002)Spatial scale dictates the productivity-biodiversity relationship.Nature,416,427-430.
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(1)丛明(2011)赣江流域底栖动物生态学研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.
(1)肖晋志(2012)鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区及周边河流大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.
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(1)丛明(2011)赣江流域底栖动物生态学研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.
(2)肖晋志(2012)鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区及周边河流大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.?生物多样性
(1)肖晋志(2012)鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区及周边河流大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.
(2)丛明(2011)赣江流域底栖动物生态学研究.硕士学位论文,南昌大学,南昌.
(3)郎宇(2013)基于CASA模型的江西省赣江流域植被NPP估算研究.硕士学位论文,长安大学,西安.?生物多样性