温度对新菠萝灰粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的影响
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摘要
新菠萝灰粉蚧是近年在我国新发现的一种重要外来入侵害虫,温度是决定新菠萝灰粉蚧能否建立稳定种群的最基本因素.本研究以南瓜作为寄主,探索恒温条件对新菠萝灰粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的影响.在17、20、23、26、29和32℃,光周期14L∶10D,相对湿度(75±5)%的实验室条件下,测定了新菠萝灰粉蚧各虫态的发育历期、发育速率、存活率和繁殖力,组建了新菠萝灰粉蚧的实验种群生命表.结果表明:在20~29℃,各虫态的发育历期均随温度的升高而缩短,在20℃下雌、雄若虫期的发育历期最长,分别为46.95和50.26 d;29℃时雌虫若虫期的发育历期最短,为20.28 d;而雄虫若虫期在32℃时最短,为20.70 d.各虫态的温度与发育速率的关系均符合二次回归关系.此外,温度显著影响新菠萝灰粉蚧的存活率,在29℃时雌、雄若虫期的存活率均最高,分别为70.3%和69.3%;雌虫世代的发育起点温度为13.80℃,有效积温为491.50日·度;雄虫世代的发育起点温度为11.61℃,有效积温为388.85日·度.新菠萝灰粉蚧的产卵前期和成虫寿命随着温度的升高而缩短;成虫产卵量在29℃时最高,达每雌442.2粒;最小为20℃,仅为每雌111.8粒;29和20℃下种群趋势指数分别为168.2和19.1,且在17和32℃时,新菠萝灰粉蚧1龄若虫和3龄若虫均表现为生长停滞.说明温度过高或过低均不利于其生长发育.温度对新菠萝灰粉蚧的生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长有显著的影响,23~29℃是最适宜新菠萝灰粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的温度范围.
In recent years,Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley( Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is found as one of important alien species in China. For the alien pest,temperature always is a crucial factor on constructing stable population. In this study,the development and reproduction of D. neobrevipes population of pumpkin under different temperatures were investigated. The developmental duration,developmental rate,survival rate and fecundity of D. neobrevipes were compared in the laboratory under the conditions of 17,20,23,26,29 and 32 ℃,photoperiod 14 L ∶ 10 D,RH( 75±5) %,and the life table of the laboratory population was constructed. The results showed that in 20-29 ℃,the developmental durations of every stage of D. neobrevipes all decreased with the increasing temperature; under 20 ℃,both female and male nymph D. neobrevipes had the longest duration,being 46. 95 and 50. 26 d,respectively. The female and male nymph D. neobrevipes grew most fast under 29 ℃( 20.28 d) and 32 ℃( 20.70 d). The relationship between the developmental rate and temperature for each stage could be simulated by the quadratic regression. In addition,we found that the temperature could impact the survival rate of D. neobrevipes. The highest survival rate of D. neobrevipes was recorded at 29 ℃ for both female( 70.3%) and male( 69.3%) nymphs. The developmental threshold temperature of female and male was 13.80 ℃ and 11.61 ℃,and the accumulated temperature of female and male was 491. 50 and 388. 85 day-degrees,respectively. Both pre-oviposition duration and adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature,and the highest fecundity per female was 442.2 eggs at 29 ℃,and the lowest 111.8 eggs at 20 ℃. The population trend indexes under 20 ℃ and 29 ℃ were 19.1 and 168.2,respectively. At 17 ℃ and 32 ℃,D.neobrevipes of the 1st instar nymphs and 3rd instar nymphs were found to stop growth,suggesting that excessively high or low temperature was unfavorable to the growth of D. neobrevipes. In conclusion,temperature could significantly affect the growth and development,survivorship,reproduction and population increasing of D. neobrevipes,and the most suitable temperature range for this pest is from 23 ℃ to 29 ℃.
In recent years,Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley( Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is found as one of important alien species in China. For the alien pest,temperature always is a crucial factor on constructing stable population. In this study,the development and reproduction of D. neobrevipes population of pumpkin under different temperatures were investigated. The developmental duration,developmental rate,survival rate and fecundity of D. neobrevipes were compared in the laboratory under the conditions of 17,20,23,26,29 and 32 ℃,photoperiod 14 L ∶ 10 D,RH( 75±5) %,and the life table of the laboratory population was constructed. The results showed that in 20-29 ℃,the developmental durations of every stage of D. neobrevipes all decreased with the increasing temperature; under 20 ℃,both female and male nymph D. neobrevipes had the longest duration,being 46. 95 and 50. 26 d,respectively. The female and male nymph D. neobrevipes grew most fast under 29 ℃( 20.28 d) and 32 ℃( 20.70 d). The relationship between the developmental rate and temperature for each stage could be simulated by the quadratic regression. In addition,we found that the temperature could impact the survival rate of D. neobrevipes. The highest survival rate of D. neobrevipes was recorded at 29 ℃ for both female( 70.3%) and male( 69.3%) nymphs. The developmental threshold temperature of female and male was 13.80 ℃ and 11.61 ℃,and the accumulated temperature of female and male was 491. 50 and 388. 85 day-degrees,respectively. Both pre-oviposition duration and adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature,and the highest fecundity per female was 442.2 eggs at 29 ℃,and the lowest 111.8 eggs at 20 ℃. The population trend indexes under 20 ℃ and 29 ℃ were 19.1 and 168.2,respectively. At 17 ℃ and 32 ℃,D.neobrevipes of the 1st instar nymphs and 3rd instar nymphs were found to stop growth,suggesting that excessively high or low temperature was unfavorable to the growth of D. neobrevipes. In conclusion,temperature could significantly affect the growth and development,survivorship,reproduction and population increasing of D. neobrevipes,and the most suitable temperature range for this pest is from 23 ℃ to 29 ℃.
引文
[1]Kessing JLM,Mau RFL.Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley[EB/OL].(2007-04-07)[2016-03-20].http://www.extento.hawaii.edu/kbase/crop/type//d_neobre.htm
[2]Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China(国家农业部).The Directory of Imported Plant Quarantine Pests of the People’s Republic of China.Beijing:Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,2007(in Chinese)
[3]Beardsley JW.On the taxonomy of pineapple mealybugs in Hawaii,with a description of a previously unnamed species(Homoptera:Pseudococcidae).Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society,1959,17:29-37
[4]Tanaka H,Uesato T.New records of some potential pest mealybugs(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae)in Japan.Applied Entomology and Zoology,2012,47:413-419
[5]Ben-Dov Y.Scale Net[EB/OL].(2004-04-16)[2016-05-25].http://scalenet.info/catalogue/Dysmicoccus%20neobrevipes/
[6]Qin Z-Q(覃振强),Wu J-H(吴建辉),Ren S-X(任顺祥),et al.Risk analysis of the alien invasive gray pineapple mealybug(Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley)in China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2010,43(3):626-631(in Chinese)
[7]Xu L(徐浪),Yu D-J(余道坚),Jiao Y(焦懿),et al.Molecular identification of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes and related species through DNA barcoding.Plant Quarantine(植物检疫),2013,27(3):66-69(in Chinese)
[8]Sether DM,Ullman DE,Hu JS.Transmission of pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus by two species of mealybug(Dysmicoccus spp.).Phytopathology,1998,88:1224-1230
[9]Jahn GC,Bearsley JW.Interactions of ants(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)and mealybugs(Homoptera:Pseudococcidae)on pineapple.Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society,2000,34:161-165
[10]Gonzalez-Hernandez H,Pandey RR,Johnson MW.Biological characteristics of adult Anagyrus ananatis Gahan(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae),a parasitoid of Dysmicoccus brevipes(Cockerell)(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae).Biological Control,2005,35:93-103
[11]FAO/IPPC.Pest Risk Analysis for Quarantine Pests.Rome:FAO,2001
[12]Fu L(傅辽),Huang G-S(黄冠胜),Li Z-H(李志红),et al.The current and future potential geographic distribution of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes in China.Plant Quarantine(植物检疫),2012,26(4):1-5(in Chinese)
[13]Cannon RJ.The implications of predicted climate change for insect pests in the UK,with emphasis on non-indigenous species.Global Change Biology,1998,4:785-796
[14]Bale JS,Masters GJ,Hodkinson ID,et al.Herbivory in global climate change research:Direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores.Global Change Biology,2002,8:1-16
[15]Zhao H-X(赵洪霞),Tan Y-A(谭永安),Xiao L-B(肖留斌),et al.Effects of different temperatures on the development and reproduction of Apolygus lucorum.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology(应用昆虫学报),2012,49(3):585-590(in Chinese)
[16]Chen Z-T(陈泽坦),Zhang X-D(张小冬),Zhang N(张妮),et al.Life table of the laboratory population of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes(Beardsley)at different temperatures.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops(热带作物学报),2010,31(3):464-468(in Chinese)
[17]Qin ZQ,Qiu BL,Wu JH,et al.Effect of temperature on the life history of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes(Hemiptera:Pseudoccocidae):An invasive species of gray pineapple mealybug in South China.Crop Protection,2013,45:141-146
[18]Lyu M-C(吕茂翠),Ruan Y-M(阮永明),Wang Y-Y(王媛媛),et al.Effects of different host plants on the development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley.Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Natural Science)(浙江师范大学学报:自然科学版),2013,36(2):213-216(in Chinese)
[19]Guan X,Lu YY,Zeng L.Study on developmental durations and fecundity of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on four species of hosts.Agricultural Science&Technology,2012,13:408-411
[20]Wang Y-Y(王莹莹),Xu Z-H(徐志宏),Zhang L-L(张莉丽),et al.Developmental duration and life table of the laboratory population of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)fed on pumpkin at different temperatures.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2012,55(1):77-83(in Chinese)
[21]Xu P(徐盼),Xu Z-H(徐志宏),Li S-J(李绍进),et al.Life table of the experimental population of Comstock mealybug,Pseudococcus comstocki(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae),at different temperatures.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2012,55(12):1362-1367(in Chinese)
[22]Zhang X-X(张孝羲).Insect Ecology and Forecast.3rd Ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2002(in Chinese)
[23]Tang Q-Y(唐启义),Feng M-G(冯明光).DPS Data Processing System:Experimental Design,Statistical Analysis and Data Mining.Beijing:Science Press,2007(in Chinese)
[24]Feng K(冯康).Methods of Numerical Calculation.Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1978(in Chinese)
[25]Men X-Y(门兴元),Yu Y(于毅),Zhang A-S(张安盛),et al.Life table of the laboratory population of Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dur(Hemiptera:Miridae)at different temperatures.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2008,51(11):1216-1219(in Chinese)
[26]Pang X-F(庞雄飞),Liang G-W(梁广文).Control of Pest Insect Population System.Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,1995:15-24(in Chinese)
[27]Chong JH,Roda AL,Mannion CM.Life history of the mealybug,Maconellicoccus hirsutus(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae),at constant temperatures.Environmental Entomology,2008,37:323-332
[28]Lu YY,Guan X,Zeng L.Effect of temperature on the development of the mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae).Scientific Research and Essays,2011,6:6459-6464
[29]Persad A,Khan A.Comparison of life table parameters for Maconellicoccus hirsutus,Anagyrus kamali,Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Scymnus coccivora.Bio Control,2002,47:137-149
[30]Han L-Z(韩兰芝),Zhai B-P(翟保平),Zhang X-X(张孝羲).Life table of the laboratory population of Spodoptera exigua(Hǜbner)at different temperatures.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2003,46(2):184-189(in Chinese)
[31]Goldasteh S,Talebi AA,Fathipour Y,et al.Effect of temperature on life history and population growth parameters of Planococcus citri(Homoptera,Pseudococcidae)on coleus[Solenostemon scutellarioides(L.)Codd.].Archives of Biological Sciences,2009,61:329-336
[32]Xiang Y-Y(向玉勇),Yin P-F(殷培峰),Wang M-Y(汪美英),et al.Developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperature of Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology(应用昆虫学报),2011,48(1):152-155(in Chinese)
[33]Zhou W(周文),Liu W-X(刘万学),Wan F-H(万方浩).Research advances in the effects of host plant volatiles on Cydia pomonella behaviors and the application of the volatiles in pest control.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2010,21(9):2434-2440(in Chinese)
[34]Xing K(邢鲲),Ma C-S(马春森),Han J-C(韩巨才).Evidence of long distance migration of diamondback moth(DBM)Plutella xylostella:A review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(6):1769-1776(in Chinese)
[2]Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China(国家农业部).The Directory of Imported Plant Quarantine Pests of the People’s Republic of China.Beijing:Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,2007(in Chinese)
[3]Beardsley JW.On the taxonomy of pineapple mealybugs in Hawaii,with a description of a previously unnamed species(Homoptera:Pseudococcidae).Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society,1959,17:29-37
[4]Tanaka H,Uesato T.New records of some potential pest mealybugs(Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae)in Japan.Applied Entomology and Zoology,2012,47:413-419
[5]Ben-Dov Y.Scale Net[EB/OL].(2004-04-16)[2016-05-25].http://scalenet.info/catalogue/Dysmicoccus%20neobrevipes/
[6]Qin Z-Q(覃振强),Wu J-H(吴建辉),Ren S-X(任顺祥),et al.Risk analysis of the alien invasive gray pineapple mealybug(Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley)in China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2010,43(3):626-631(in Chinese)
[7]Xu L(徐浪),Yu D-J(余道坚),Jiao Y(焦懿),et al.Molecular identification of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes and related species through DNA barcoding.Plant Quarantine(植物检疫),2013,27(3):66-69(in Chinese)
[8]Sether DM,Ullman DE,Hu JS.Transmission of pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus by two species of mealybug(Dysmicoccus spp.).Phytopathology,1998,88:1224-1230
[9]Jahn GC,Bearsley JW.Interactions of ants(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)and mealybugs(Homoptera:Pseudococcidae)on pineapple.Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society,2000,34:161-165
[10]Gonzalez-Hernandez H,Pandey RR,Johnson MW.Biological characteristics of adult Anagyrus ananatis Gahan(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae),a parasitoid of Dysmicoccus brevipes(Cockerell)(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae).Biological Control,2005,35:93-103
[11]FAO/IPPC.Pest Risk Analysis for Quarantine Pests.Rome:FAO,2001
[12]Fu L(傅辽),Huang G-S(黄冠胜),Li Z-H(李志红),et al.The current and future potential geographic distribution of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes in China.Plant Quarantine(植物检疫),2012,26(4):1-5(in Chinese)
[13]Cannon RJ.The implications of predicted climate change for insect pests in the UK,with emphasis on non-indigenous species.Global Change Biology,1998,4:785-796
[14]Bale JS,Masters GJ,Hodkinson ID,et al.Herbivory in global climate change research:Direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores.Global Change Biology,2002,8:1-16
[15]Zhao H-X(赵洪霞),Tan Y-A(谭永安),Xiao L-B(肖留斌),et al.Effects of different temperatures on the development and reproduction of Apolygus lucorum.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology(应用昆虫学报),2012,49(3):585-590(in Chinese)
[16]Chen Z-T(陈泽坦),Zhang X-D(张小冬),Zhang N(张妮),et al.Life table of the laboratory population of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes(Beardsley)at different temperatures.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops(热带作物学报),2010,31(3):464-468(in Chinese)
[17]Qin ZQ,Qiu BL,Wu JH,et al.Effect of temperature on the life history of Dysmicoccus neobrevipes(Hemiptera:Pseudoccocidae):An invasive species of gray pineapple mealybug in South China.Crop Protection,2013,45:141-146
[18]Lyu M-C(吕茂翠),Ruan Y-M(阮永明),Wang Y-Y(王媛媛),et al.Effects of different host plants on the development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley.Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Natural Science)(浙江师范大学学报:自然科学版),2013,36(2):213-216(in Chinese)
[19]Guan X,Lu YY,Zeng L.Study on developmental durations and fecundity of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on four species of hosts.Agricultural Science&Technology,2012,13:408-411
[20]Wang Y-Y(王莹莹),Xu Z-H(徐志宏),Zhang L-L(张莉丽),et al.Developmental duration and life table of the laboratory population of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)fed on pumpkin at different temperatures.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2012,55(1):77-83(in Chinese)
[21]Xu P(徐盼),Xu Z-H(徐志宏),Li S-J(李绍进),et al.Life table of the experimental population of Comstock mealybug,Pseudococcus comstocki(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae),at different temperatures.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2012,55(12):1362-1367(in Chinese)
[22]Zhang X-X(张孝羲).Insect Ecology and Forecast.3rd Ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2002(in Chinese)
[23]Tang Q-Y(唐启义),Feng M-G(冯明光).DPS Data Processing System:Experimental Design,Statistical Analysis and Data Mining.Beijing:Science Press,2007(in Chinese)
[24]Feng K(冯康).Methods of Numerical Calculation.Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1978(in Chinese)
[25]Men X-Y(门兴元),Yu Y(于毅),Zhang A-S(张安盛),et al.Life table of the laboratory population of Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dur(Hemiptera:Miridae)at different temperatures.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2008,51(11):1216-1219(in Chinese)
[26]Pang X-F(庞雄飞),Liang G-W(梁广文).Control of Pest Insect Population System.Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,1995:15-24(in Chinese)
[27]Chong JH,Roda AL,Mannion CM.Life history of the mealybug,Maconellicoccus hirsutus(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae),at constant temperatures.Environmental Entomology,2008,37:323-332
[28]Lu YY,Guan X,Zeng L.Effect of temperature on the development of the mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae).Scientific Research and Essays,2011,6:6459-6464
[29]Persad A,Khan A.Comparison of life table parameters for Maconellicoccus hirsutus,Anagyrus kamali,Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Scymnus coccivora.Bio Control,2002,47:137-149
[30]Han L-Z(韩兰芝),Zhai B-P(翟保平),Zhang X-X(张孝羲).Life table of the laboratory population of Spodoptera exigua(Hǜbner)at different temperatures.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2003,46(2):184-189(in Chinese)
[31]Goldasteh S,Talebi AA,Fathipour Y,et al.Effect of temperature on life history and population growth parameters of Planococcus citri(Homoptera,Pseudococcidae)on coleus[Solenostemon scutellarioides(L.)Codd.].Archives of Biological Sciences,2009,61:329-336
[32]Xiang Y-Y(向玉勇),Yin P-F(殷培峰),Wang M-Y(汪美英),et al.Developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperature of Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology(应用昆虫学报),2011,48(1):152-155(in Chinese)
[33]Zhou W(周文),Liu W-X(刘万学),Wan F-H(万方浩).Research advances in the effects of host plant volatiles on Cydia pomonella behaviors and the application of the volatiles in pest control.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2010,21(9):2434-2440(in Chinese)
[34]Xing K(邢鲲),Ma C-S(马春森),Han J-C(韩巨才).Evidence of long distance migration of diamondback moth(DBM)Plutella xylostella:A review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(6):1769-1776(in Chinese)