利用食用菌菌渣饲养鸡冠细身赤锹形虫
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摘要
探索利用食用菌菌渣饲养锹甲科环锹属鸡冠细身赤锹形虫Cyclommatus mniszechi幼虫的新技术,以期为食用菌菌渣的二次利用和锹甲科昆虫人工饲养繁殖提供参考。本实验置于25℃±1℃,相对湿度60%±5%的黑暗条件下,通过控制变量法筛选出适合鸡冠细身赤锹形虫幼虫生长发育的食用菌种菌渣。研究发现,白木耳菌渣灭菌组幼虫雌虫化蛹率为75. 00%,羽化率为75. 00%,雄虫化蛹率为100%,羽化率为33. 33%; 3龄幼虫中仍用白木耳非灭菌菌渣单独饲养的幼虫(雌虫和雄虫)(白木耳非灭菌组A)均不能化蛹羽化,后期用白木耳非灭菌菌渣∶发酵木屑=1∶1饲养的幼虫(雌虫和雄虫)(白木耳非灭菌组B)化蛹率和羽化率均为100%;且试验所得的雌虫均可正常繁殖产卵;白木耳非灭菌组B的雄虫的体重和各形态特征(包括体长、上颚长、上颚基宽、鞘翅长、鞘翅宽)与对照组均无显著差异,说明在一定程度上,白木耳菌渣可作为人工饲料饲养鸡冠细身赤锹形虫幼虫。
The experiment was conduct to exploring a new technology of using edible fungi residue to rear Cyclommatus mniszechi(Coleoptera: Lucanidae) larvae,in order to provide references for the secondary utilization of edible fungi residues and providing a reference about artificial breeding Lucanidae larvae. Under the conditions of temperature 25℃ ± 1℃,the relative humidity of 60% ± 5% and full blackness,we screened the formulae of edible fungus strains of fungi residue and compared the rearing effects of different kinds of fungi residues by controlled variable method. Our study find that in the group of Tremella residues(sterilization),the pupation rate of females was 75. 00%,the pupation rate of males was 33. 33%,and the eclosion rate of females was 75. 00%,the eclosion rate of males was33. 33%. Before pupa,the larvae(females and meales)(Tremella residues(non-sterile) A),which were still reared by Tremella residues(non-sterile) were all died,the larvae(female and meale)(Tremella residues(non-sterile) B),which then were reared by a mixed diet(Tremella residues(nonsterile) ∶ Sawdust fermentation = 1 ∶ 1) renewed growth,and both their pupa rate and eclosion rate ware100%. The females were all able to reproduce normally. The weight and characteristics(including body length,mandible length,mandible width,elytra length and elytra width) of the males in the group of Tremella residues(non-sterile) B were similar to the CK. To some extent,the residues of Tremella residues fuciformis can be used as an artificial diet to rear C. mniszechi larva.
The experiment was conduct to exploring a new technology of using edible fungi residue to rear Cyclommatus mniszechi(Coleoptera: Lucanidae) larvae,in order to provide references for the secondary utilization of edible fungi residues and providing a reference about artificial breeding Lucanidae larvae. Under the conditions of temperature 25℃ ± 1℃,the relative humidity of 60% ± 5% and full blackness,we screened the formulae of edible fungus strains of fungi residue and compared the rearing effects of different kinds of fungi residues by controlled variable method. Our study find that in the group of Tremella residues(sterilization),the pupation rate of females was 75. 00%,the pupation rate of males was 33. 33%,and the eclosion rate of females was 75. 00%,the eclosion rate of males was33. 33%. Before pupa,the larvae(females and meales)(Tremella residues(non-sterile) A),which were still reared by Tremella residues(non-sterile) were all died,the larvae(female and meale)(Tremella residues(non-sterile) B),which then were reared by a mixed diet(Tremella residues(nonsterile) ∶ Sawdust fermentation = 1 ∶ 1) renewed growth,and both their pupa rate and eclosion rate ware100%. The females were all able to reproduce normally. The weight and characteristics(including body length,mandible length,mandible width,elytra length and elytra width) of the males in the group of Tremella residues(non-sterile) B were similar to the CK. To some extent,the residues of Tremella residues fuciformis can be used as an artificial diet to rear C. mniszechi larva.
引文
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Zhang HY,Jackson TA.Characterising the bacterial community in the alimentary tract of grass grub(Costelytra zealandica)larvae[C].Beijing:Proceedings of the XVthInternational Plant Protection Congress,2004.
Zhang XF.The methods of rearing grub by edible fungi wastes[P].CN,CN103535327 A[P].2014[张效峰.食用菌废料养殖蛴螬的方法[P].CN,CN103535327 A.2014]
Johnson K S,Rabosky D.Phylogenetic distribution of cysteine proteinases in beetles:Evidence for an evolutionary shift to an alkaline digestive strategy in Cerambycidaen[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part B,2000,126(4):609-619.
Li YL.Comparative Study of Cellulase Activity in Representative Beetles[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2012.[李燕利.甲虫代表性种类纤维素酶活性的比较研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012]
Liu XM,Wang ZH,Li FC,et al.The nutritional value and applications of mushroom residue[J].China Feed,2000,18:29-30.[刘晓牧,王中华,李福昌,等.菌糠的营养价值及应用[J].中国饲料,2000,18:29-30]
Li YF,Li XM,Li HB.Analysis of nutritional components of Lentinus edods residue and its application in the production of Pleurotus ostreatus[J].Journal of Microbiology,2001,21(3):59-60.[李用芳,李学梅,李鹤宾.香菇木屑菌渣营养成分分析及在平菇菌种生产中的应用[J].微生物学杂志,2001,21(3):59-60]
Mills MR,Nemri RS,Carlson EA,et al.Functional mechanics of beetle mandibles:Honest signaling in a sexually selected system[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological Genetics&Physiology,2016,325(1):3-12.
Sheng QK,Gong ZY,Tao HY.Effect of enoki mushroom residue on mutton sheep fattening[J].Feed Review,2011,3:1-3.[盛清凯,宫志远,陶海英.金针菇菌渣在肉羊育肥中的应用[J].饲料博览,2011,3:1-3]
Terra WR,Ferreira C.Insect digestive enzymes:Properties,compartmentalization and function[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part B Comparative Biochemistry,1994,109(1):1-62.
Tanahashi M,Matsushita N,Togashi K.Are stag beetles fungivorous?[J].Journal of Insect Physiology,2009,55(11):983-8.
Wang YJ,Tian XE,Li HB.The nutritional value and development of mushroom residue[J].China Feed,2001,1(12):30-31.[王永军,田秀娥,李浩波.菌糠的营养价值与开发利用[J].中国饲料,2001,1(12):30-31]
Wu L,Wu ZQ.Situation and prospect of systematic study on Lucanidae(Coleoptera:Scarabaeoidea)[J].Wuyi Science Journal,2012,28:1-8.[吴珑,吴珍泉.锹甲(鞘翅目:金龟总科)分类的历史及展望[J].武夷科学,2012,28:1-8]
Wu JY,Zhao ZY,Liu M,et al.Study on culturing earthworms by fermentation of food-waste and mushroom-residue[J].Journal of Microbiology,2016,33(2):110-112.[武佳韵,赵智远,刘明,等.餐厨垃圾与菌渣混合发酵养殖蚯蚓的试验研究[J].生物学杂志,2016,33(2):110-112]
Wang SP,Wang WJ.Exploitation and utilization of the cultural residue of edible fungi as animal feed[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2003,6:37-39.[汪水平,王文娟.菌糠饲料的开发和利用[J].粮食与饲料工业,2003,6:37-39]
Wei ZT,Zhou GY,Hu QX.Research and utilization of edible fungi residue[J].Edible Gungi of China,2010,29(5):3-6.[卫智涛,周国英,胡清秀.食用菌菌渣利用研究现状[J].中国食用菌,2010,29(5):3-6]
Wang EJ.Research on Pretreatment of Lignocellulose and Hydrolysis Reaction in Liquid Hot Water[D].Dalian:Dalian Universuty of Technology,2013.[王恩俊.木质纤维素预处理工艺及高温液态水条件下的水解反应研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013]
Xu KM,Lv W,Wang HL,et al.Research of holotrichia diomphalia Larvae cultivation technology with Agaricus bisporus residues[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,22:151-153.[徐康铭,吕蔚,王鸿磊,等.双孢菇菌渣养殖蛴螬技术初探[J].北方园艺,2012,22:151-153]
Yu Q,Zhuang XS,Yuan ZH,et al.Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with liquid hot water[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2010,29(11):2177-2182.[余强,庄新姝,袁振宏,等.木质纤维素类生物质高温液态水预处理技术[J].化工进展,2010,29(11):2177-2182]
Zhang HY,Jackson TA.Characterising the bacterial community in the alimentary tract of grass grub(Costelytra zealandica)larvae[C].Beijing:Proceedings of the XVthInternational Plant Protection Congress,2004.
Zhang XF.The methods of rearing grub by edible fungi wastes[P].CN,CN103535327 A[P].2014[张效峰.食用菌废料养殖蛴螬的方法[P].CN,CN103535327 A.2014]