吉林省参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征及影响因素
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摘要
基于吉林省50个气象站1960—2014年逐日最高气温、最低气温、日照时数、风速数据,采用Penman-Monteith算法,计算各站逐日参考作物蒸散量,进而计算各站及全省四季和年平均参考作物蒸散量,利用数理统计方法,结合地理信息系统软件,分析参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征及主要气候影响因子。结果表明:近55 a,吉林省年平均参考作物蒸散量为876 mm,年参考作物蒸散量呈显著下降趋势(p <0. 01);空间分布差异显著,由东南向西北逐级递增,56%的站点呈显著下降趋势(p <0. 05)。参考作物蒸散量夏季最大、春季次之、冬季最小,且均呈下降趋势,但只有春季的下降趋势显著(p <0. 01);春、夏、秋、冬季与年平均参考作物蒸散量在空间分布上基本一致,但气候倾向率为负值以及通过显著性检验的站点数依次减少。全省四季和年参考作物蒸散量均与降水呈显著负相关,与日照时数、风速、最高气温呈显著正相关;其中年、春、夏、秋季与气温日较差以及春、夏、秋季与平均气温也呈显著正相关;冬季与最低气温、平均气温呈显著正相关;而典型站点参考作物蒸散量各季节影响因素及影响大小略有差异,各气象因子的共同作用导致了参考作物蒸散量的变化。
The daily reference crop evapotranspiration was calculated based on daily maximum temperature,minimum temperature,sunshine duration and wind speed from 50 meteorological stations in Jilin Province during 1960-2014 by using Penman-Monteith algorithm,then the seasonal and annual average reference evapotranspiration were calculated in the whole province and each station.Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of reference crop evapotranspiration and main influential factors of climate were analyzed according to mathematical statistics method together with the geographic information system. The results show that in recent 55 years,the annual average evapotranspiration was 876 mm in Jilin Province,it showed a significant downward trend( p < 0. 01),and the spatial distribution difference of it was significant,which showed a gradual increase from southeast to northwest. For climate trend rate,56% stations showed a significant downward trend( p < 0. 05). In four seasons,reference crop evapotranspiration in summer was the largest,in spring it was the second,in winter it was the smallest,and that all showed a downward trend,but only in spring downward trend was significant( p < 0. 01). The average reference evapotranspiration in spring,summer,autumn and winter had basically the same spatial distribution patterns with annual average value,but its climate trend rate was negative and the number of sites passing significance test decreased in sequence. The seasonal and annual reference crop evapotranspiration showed significant negative correlation with precipitation,and significant positive correlation with sunshine duration,wind speed and maximum temperature. The average reference crop evapotranspiration in spring,summer,autumn and the whole year showed significant positive correlation with diurnal temperature range,and it in spring,summer,autumn correlated positively with average temperature,and that in winter had a significant positive correlation with the minimum temperature and average temperature. However,the seasonal influencing factors and the extent of influence on the crop reference evapotranspiration in typical stations were slightly different. Reference crop evapotranspiration varied under the influence of these meteorology factors.
The daily reference crop evapotranspiration was calculated based on daily maximum temperature,minimum temperature,sunshine duration and wind speed from 50 meteorological stations in Jilin Province during 1960-2014 by using Penman-Monteith algorithm,then the seasonal and annual average reference evapotranspiration were calculated in the whole province and each station.Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of reference crop evapotranspiration and main influential factors of climate were analyzed according to mathematical statistics method together with the geographic information system. The results show that in recent 55 years,the annual average evapotranspiration was 876 mm in Jilin Province,it showed a significant downward trend( p < 0. 01),and the spatial distribution difference of it was significant,which showed a gradual increase from southeast to northwest. For climate trend rate,56% stations showed a significant downward trend( p < 0. 05). In four seasons,reference crop evapotranspiration in summer was the largest,in spring it was the second,in winter it was the smallest,and that all showed a downward trend,but only in spring downward trend was significant( p < 0. 01). The average reference evapotranspiration in spring,summer,autumn and winter had basically the same spatial distribution patterns with annual average value,but its climate trend rate was negative and the number of sites passing significance test decreased in sequence. The seasonal and annual reference crop evapotranspiration showed significant negative correlation with precipitation,and significant positive correlation with sunshine duration,wind speed and maximum temperature. The average reference crop evapotranspiration in spring,summer,autumn and the whole year showed significant positive correlation with diurnal temperature range,and it in spring,summer,autumn correlated positively with average temperature,and that in winter had a significant positive correlation with the minimum temperature and average temperature. However,the seasonal influencing factors and the extent of influence on the crop reference evapotranspiration in typical stations were slightly different. Reference crop evapotranspiration varied under the influence of these meteorology factors.
引文
[1]杨艳娟,曹经福,熊明明,等.影响海河流域参考作物蒸散量的气象因子定量分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):367-373.
[2]杨永刚,崔宁博,胡笑涛,等.中国粮食主产区参考作物蒸散量演变特征与成因分析[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(4):245-255.
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[4]陈柏丽,朱永华,王春艳,等.淮北平原降水量和参考作物蒸散量时空演变规律研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):109-116.
[5]杨永刚,崔宁博,胡笑涛,等.中国三大灌区参考作物蒸散量温度法模型的修订与适应性评价[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(6):357-369.
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[7]苑旭.黄土塬区农田生态系统蒸散与能量平衡研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
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[9]张强,杨泽粟,郝小翠,等.北方蒸散对气候变暖响应随降水类型转换特征[J].科学通报,2018,63(11):1035-1049.
[10]张静,王力.黄土塬区苹果园蒸散与环境因素的关系[J].林业科学,2018,54(3):29-38.
[11]崔宁博,魏俊,赵璐,等.基于MEA-BPNN的中国西北旱区参考作物蒸散量预报模型[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(8):1-11.
[12]李谦,景元书,马美娟,等.低丘红壤区稻田实际蒸散特征及其气象影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(1):219-226.
[13]赵亚迪,刘永和,李建林,等. 1960—2013年中国地表潜在蒸散发时空变化及其对气象因子的敏感性[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2018,12(3):1-9.
[14]符娜,宋孝玉,夏露,等.云南省不同生态水文分区参考作物蒸散量算法适用性评价[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):208-217.
[15]董旭光,邱粲,王静.近50年来山东省参考作物蒸散量变化及定量化成因[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(7):1098-1105.
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[17]CHATTOPADHYAY N,HULME M. Evaporation and potential e-vapotranspiration in India under conditions of recent and future cli-mate change[J]. Agricultural and forest meteorology,1997,87(1):55-73.
[18]RODERICK M L,FARQUHAR G D. Changes in New Zealand panevaporation since the 1970s[J]. International Journal of Climatolo-gy,2010,25(15):2031-2039.
[19]RODERICK M L,FARQUHAR G D. Changes in Australian pan e-vaporation from 1970 to 2002[J]. International Journal of Clima-tology,2004,24(9):1077-1090.
[20]罗那那,巴特尔·巴克,吴燕锋.石河子地区参考作物蒸散量变化特征及气候因子的定量分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):251-255.
[21]安彬,肖薇薇. 1955—2015年陕西省潜在蒸散量时空变化特征及成因[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):146-151.
[22]刘文娟,安瑞平,连晋姣.宁夏参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征分析[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):69-73.
[23]孙晶华,张吴平,吴亚楠,等.山西省参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(4):59-65.
[24]刘普幸,卓玛兰草.甘肃省1960—2008年潜在蒸散量时空变化及其影响因子[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(9):1561-1571.
[25]锐敏,崔宁博,李卓,等.中国粮食主产区主要气象因子时空演变特征及其对参考作物蒸散量影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017(9):81-89.
[26]谢平,龙怀玉,张杨珠,等.云南省四季潜在蒸散量时空演变的主导气象因子分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):184-193.
[27]于东平,张鑫,何毅,等.青海省东部高原农业区参考作物蒸散量的时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):66-71.
[28]许杏娟,陈涛涛,吴奇,等.辽宁凌河流域生长季参考作物腾发量变化及气候要素贡献分析[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(1):33-42.
[29]邱美娟,郭巧,郭春明,等.吉林省春玉米农业气候资源适宜度时空分布特征[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(2):82-91.
[30]邱美娟,郭春明,王冬妮,等. 1960—2015年吉林省玉米生长季有效降水和水分亏缺指数的变化特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):237-243.
[31]陈明,寇雯红,李玉环,等.气候变化对东北地区玉米生产潜力的影响与调控措施模拟———以吉林省为例[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):821-828.
[32]ALLEN R G,PEREIRA L S,RAES D,et al. Crop evapotranspi-ration guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO irri-gation and drainage paper 56[M]. Rome:Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations,1998:37-58.
[33]张淑杰,张玉书,隋东,等.东北地区参考蒸散量的变化特征及其成因分析[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(10):1750-1761.
[34]高歌,陈德亮,任国玉,等. 1956—2000年中国潜在蒸散量变化趋势[J].地理研究,2006,25(3):378-387.
[35]陈超,庞艳梅,潘学标,等.四川地区参考作物蒸散量的变化特征及气候影响因素分析[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(1):35-40.
[2]杨永刚,崔宁博,胡笑涛,等.中国粮食主产区参考作物蒸散量演变特征与成因分析[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(4):245-255.
[3]苗正伟,徐利岗,张薇.京津冀地区参考作物蒸散量变化特征与成因分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(5):39-50.
[4]陈柏丽,朱永华,王春艳,等.淮北平原降水量和参考作物蒸散量时空演变规律研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(6):109-116.
[5]杨永刚,崔宁博,胡笑涛,等.中国三大灌区参考作物蒸散量温度法模型的修订与适应性评价[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(6):357-369.
[6]汪彪,曾新民,刘正奇,等.中国西北地区参考作物蒸散量的估算与变化特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(2):243-251.
[7]苑旭.黄土塬区农田生态系统蒸散与能量平衡研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[8]仝国栋.北京平原区非充分灌溉下樱桃和桃树耗水规律及蒸散量估算研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[9]张强,杨泽粟,郝小翠,等.北方蒸散对气候变暖响应随降水类型转换特征[J].科学通报,2018,63(11):1035-1049.
[10]张静,王力.黄土塬区苹果园蒸散与环境因素的关系[J].林业科学,2018,54(3):29-38.
[11]崔宁博,魏俊,赵璐,等.基于MEA-BPNN的中国西北旱区参考作物蒸散量预报模型[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(8):1-11.
[12]李谦,景元书,马美娟,等.低丘红壤区稻田实际蒸散特征及其气象影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(1):219-226.
[13]赵亚迪,刘永和,李建林,等. 1960—2013年中国地表潜在蒸散发时空变化及其对气象因子的敏感性[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2018,12(3):1-9.
[14]符娜,宋孝玉,夏露,等.云南省不同生态水文分区参考作物蒸散量算法适用性评价[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):208-217.
[15]董旭光,邱粲,王静.近50年来山东省参考作物蒸散量变化及定量化成因[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(7):1098-1105.
[16]SILVA V P R. On climate variability in Northeast of Brazil[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,58(4):575-596.
[17]CHATTOPADHYAY N,HULME M. Evaporation and potential e-vapotranspiration in India under conditions of recent and future cli-mate change[J]. Agricultural and forest meteorology,1997,87(1):55-73.
[18]RODERICK M L,FARQUHAR G D. Changes in New Zealand panevaporation since the 1970s[J]. International Journal of Climatolo-gy,2010,25(15):2031-2039.
[19]RODERICK M L,FARQUHAR G D. Changes in Australian pan e-vaporation from 1970 to 2002[J]. International Journal of Clima-tology,2004,24(9):1077-1090.
[20]罗那那,巴特尔·巴克,吴燕锋.石河子地区参考作物蒸散量变化特征及气候因子的定量分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):251-255.
[21]安彬,肖薇薇. 1955—2015年陕西省潜在蒸散量时空变化特征及成因[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):146-151.
[22]刘文娟,安瑞平,连晋姣.宁夏参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征分析[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):69-73.
[23]孙晶华,张吴平,吴亚楠,等.山西省参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(4):59-65.
[24]刘普幸,卓玛兰草.甘肃省1960—2008年潜在蒸散量时空变化及其影响因子[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(9):1561-1571.
[25]锐敏,崔宁博,李卓,等.中国粮食主产区主要气象因子时空演变特征及其对参考作物蒸散量影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017(9):81-89.
[26]谢平,龙怀玉,张杨珠,等.云南省四季潜在蒸散量时空演变的主导气象因子分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):184-193.
[27]于东平,张鑫,何毅,等.青海省东部高原农业区参考作物蒸散量的时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):66-71.
[28]许杏娟,陈涛涛,吴奇,等.辽宁凌河流域生长季参考作物腾发量变化及气候要素贡献分析[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(1):33-42.
[29]邱美娟,郭巧,郭春明,等.吉林省春玉米农业气候资源适宜度时空分布特征[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(2):82-91.
[30]邱美娟,郭春明,王冬妮,等. 1960—2015年吉林省玉米生长季有效降水和水分亏缺指数的变化特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):237-243.
[31]陈明,寇雯红,李玉环,等.气候变化对东北地区玉米生产潜力的影响与调控措施模拟———以吉林省为例[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):821-828.
[32]ALLEN R G,PEREIRA L S,RAES D,et al. Crop evapotranspi-ration guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO irri-gation and drainage paper 56[M]. Rome:Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations,1998:37-58.
[33]张淑杰,张玉书,隋东,等.东北地区参考蒸散量的变化特征及其成因分析[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(10):1750-1761.
[34]高歌,陈德亮,任国玉,等. 1956—2000年中国潜在蒸散量变化趋势[J].地理研究,2006,25(3):378-387.
[35]陈超,庞艳梅,潘学标,等.四川地区参考作物蒸散量的变化特征及气候影响因素分析[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(1):35-40.