“关系”视角下的风险认知重构——基于认知过程的考量
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摘要
当下的"关系"是我国传统社会生存与交往模式中"关系"与新媒介技术结合的产物,这导致了个体在依托新媒介"关系"通路来认知风险时,具备极大的"关系性"特征。面对风险事件或事故传播乱象,现实研究亟须建构"关系"对风险认知重构的效果模型,以及时、有效地推进"关系"之于风险认知影响的研究。文章梳理、整合并扩展了"关系"对风险认知发生作用的研究观点,建构了"关系"视角下风险认知重构的效果模型。该模型将风险事件或事故中的风险认知划分为信息获取、理解与判断、决策三个主要环节,并提出在该过程中,"关系"分别通过信息把关与生产,情感、信任、资源的附着与激活,制作群体与群体分化对认知的三个环节形成重构,从而实现对风险认知结果的重构。该模型一定程度上解释了为什么每个人的风险认知各不相同,"关系"为何以及如何影响个体的风险认知,如何增强或减弱、消除"关系"对风险认知的重构作用等问题。
Networking or "guanxi" is the product of the combination of the new media technology and the traditional modes of social existence and communication in our country. It leads to a great role of "guanxi" when individuals perceive and cognize risks in the context of the new media on the basis of "guanxi". Risky events or accidents transmission are in chaos. So, the reality of research urgently needs to build the effect-model of "guanxi" concerning risk cognition reconstruction, and timely and effectively promote the systematic and in-depth study of "guanxi". The article combs, integrates and expands the research perspective of "guanxi" on risk cognition and constructs the effectmodel of risk cognition reconstruction from the perspective of "guanxi". The model divides risk cognition related to risky events or accidents into three main parts: information acquisition, comprehension and judgment, as well as decisionmaking. It also proposes that "guanxi" is divided into information check and production, attachment and activation of emotion, trust and resources, as well as differentiation or producing groups to reconstruct the three processes of cognition in order to reconstruct the cognitive results of risk. To some extent, the model explains why each person has different risk perception; why and how the relationship affects the individual's risk cognition, and how to enhance or diminish the "guanxi" reconstruction of risk cognition.
Networking or "guanxi" is the product of the combination of the new media technology and the traditional modes of social existence and communication in our country. It leads to a great role of "guanxi" when individuals perceive and cognize risks in the context of the new media on the basis of "guanxi". Risky events or accidents transmission are in chaos. So, the reality of research urgently needs to build the effect-model of "guanxi" concerning risk cognition reconstruction, and timely and effectively promote the systematic and in-depth study of "guanxi". The article combs, integrates and expands the research perspective of "guanxi" on risk cognition and constructs the effectmodel of risk cognition reconstruction from the perspective of "guanxi". The model divides risk cognition related to risky events or accidents into three main parts: information acquisition, comprehension and judgment, as well as decisionmaking. It also proposes that "guanxi" is divided into information check and production, attachment and activation of emotion, trust and resources, as well as differentiation or producing groups to reconstruct the three processes of cognition in order to reconstruct the cognitive results of risk. To some extent, the model explains why each person has different risk perception; why and how the relationship affects the individual's risk cognition, and how to enhance or diminish the "guanxi" reconstruction of risk cognition.
引文
[1]罗伯特·L.索尔所,M.金伯利·麦克林,奥托·H.麦克林.认知心理学[M].邵志芳,等,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2008:2.
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[5]佘硕,张聪丛.基于社会媒体的食品风险信息公众传播行为研究[J].情报杂志,2015,34(9):123-128.
[6]刘海龙.大众传播理论:范式与流派[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008:222-260.
[7]彭兰.社会化媒体:媒介融合的深层影响力量[J].江淮论坛,2015(1):152-156,165.
[8]彭兰.“连接”的演进:互联网进化的基本逻辑[J].国际新闻界,2013,35(12):6-19.
[9]伍德志.谣言、法律信任危机与认知逻辑[J].法学评论,2015,33(5):69-78.
[10]刘凯.部落化生存:新媒体对社会关系的影响[M].上海:上海三联书店,2016:69-88.
[11]王沛,贺雯.社会认知心理学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2015:436.
[12]童清艳.信息时代媒介受众的认知结构分析[J].新闻与传播研究,2000(4):75-82.
[2]尚伟.基于认知心理视角的古文字信息处理研究[J].情报科学,2013,31(7):135-139.
[3]刘智勇,陈立,郭彦宏.重构公众风险认知:邻避冲突治理的一种途径[J].领导科学,2016(32):29-31.
[4]国家卫生和计划生育委员会流动人口司.中国流动人口发展报告(2016)[R].北京:中国人口出版社,2016:21.
[5]佘硕,张聪丛.基于社会媒体的食品风险信息公众传播行为研究[J].情报杂志,2015,34(9):123-128.
[6]刘海龙.大众传播理论:范式与流派[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008:222-260.
[7]彭兰.社会化媒体:媒介融合的深层影响力量[J].江淮论坛,2015(1):152-156,165.
[8]彭兰.“连接”的演进:互联网进化的基本逻辑[J].国际新闻界,2013,35(12):6-19.
[9]伍德志.谣言、法律信任危机与认知逻辑[J].法学评论,2015,33(5):69-78.
[10]刘凯.部落化生存:新媒体对社会关系的影响[M].上海:上海三联书店,2016:69-88.
[11]王沛,贺雯.社会认知心理学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2015:436.
[12]童清艳.信息时代媒介受众的认知结构分析[J].新闻与传播研究,2000(4):75-82.