不同树形对李树冠层结构和光合特性的影响
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摘要
以吉林省农业科学院待审定品种"公主红"李为试材,对比纺锤形、Y-字形、自然开心形3种树形的冠层结构、光合特性以及叶绿素荧光等参数,以期为确定李树最佳树形、改善果实品质及提高产量提供参考依据。结果表明:3种树形结构因修剪方式不同,枝类组成差异显著。不同枝类间枝条数量表现为簇状枝>短枝>中枝>长枝>超长枝;自然开心形的一年生枝平均茎长显著大于纺锤形和Y-字形,平均茎粗自然开心形与纺锤形差异不显著,但显著大于Y-字形;3种树形结构的冠层特性各指标间存在显著性差异,其中自然开心形具有相对较大的叶面积指数、透光比和冠下总辐射;3种树形光合特性比较,自然开心形与Y-字形净光合速率明显优于纺锤形,且3种树形结果枝净光合速率均大于营养枝净光合速率,蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率等均表现出相同特性;叶绿素荧光参数中,φPSⅡ、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR等参数均表现出自然开心形优于Y-字形和纺锤形。自然开心形的树体结构更为合理,具有更强的光合能力、更高的光电子传递效率和更多的碳水化合物积累,其次为Y-字形,最后为纺锤形。
Pending plum variety 'Gongzhuhong'of Prunus salicina cultivated by Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences was used as experimental material,several parameters such as canopy structure,photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence among plums with three kinds of tree shapes spindle-shape,Y-shape and naturally open center-shape had been determined in order to provide reference for identification of the best shape,improvement in the quality of fruit and increase in yield.The results showed that among the three different tree shapes,there were significant differences in branch compositions.All different types of branches had been listed in descending order by quantity,that was clustered branch>short branch>middle branch>long branch>super-long branch.The average stem length of one year branches of naturally open center-shape was significantly longer than spindle-shape and Y-shape.The average stem diameters between spindle-shape and naturally open center-shape were not significantly different from each other,but both were significantly larger than Y-shape.There were significant differences among the canopy characteristics of three tree shapes.Naturally open center-shape had relatively large leaf area index,light transmittance ratio and total radiation under canopy.The net photosynthetic rate of naturally open center-shape and Y-shape was obviously higher than spindle-shape.In terms of photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate,Tr,Gs and WUE,bearing branches were better than vegetative branches in all three tree shape plums.As for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such asφPSII,Fv/Fm,qP,qN and ETR,naturally open center-shape appeared best.Naturally open center-shape structure was the most reasonable canopy structure for its stronger photosynthetic capacity,higher photoelectron transfer efficiency and more carbohydrate accumulation,followed by Y-shape,and finally spindle-shape.
Pending plum variety 'Gongzhuhong'of Prunus salicina cultivated by Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences was used as experimental material,several parameters such as canopy structure,photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence among plums with three kinds of tree shapes spindle-shape,Y-shape and naturally open center-shape had been determined in order to provide reference for identification of the best shape,improvement in the quality of fruit and increase in yield.The results showed that among the three different tree shapes,there were significant differences in branch compositions.All different types of branches had been listed in descending order by quantity,that was clustered branch>short branch>middle branch>long branch>super-long branch.The average stem length of one year branches of naturally open center-shape was significantly longer than spindle-shape and Y-shape.The average stem diameters between spindle-shape and naturally open center-shape were not significantly different from each other,but both were significantly larger than Y-shape.There were significant differences among the canopy characteristics of three tree shapes.Naturally open center-shape had relatively large leaf area index,light transmittance ratio and total radiation under canopy.The net photosynthetic rate of naturally open center-shape and Y-shape was obviously higher than spindle-shape.In terms of photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate,Tr,Gs and WUE,bearing branches were better than vegetative branches in all three tree shape plums.As for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such asφPSII,Fv/Fm,qP,qN and ETR,naturally open center-shape appeared best.Naturally open center-shape structure was the most reasonable canopy structure for its stronger photosynthetic capacity,higher photoelectron transfer efficiency and more carbohydrate accumulation,followed by Y-shape,and finally spindle-shape.
引文
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[6]魏钦平,鲁韧强,张显川,等.富士苹果高干开心形光照分布与产量品质的关系研究[J].园艺学报,2004(3):291-296.
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[10]FORCE L,CRITCLEY C,RENSEN J J S.New fluorescence parameters formonitoring photosynthesis in leaves[J].Photosynth Res,2003,78:17-33.
[11]高山,孟潇,罗立新,等.核桃两种树形光合荧光特性的比较[J].北方园艺,2017(9):9-13.
[12]蒋华伟,罗红雨,李静会,等.不同光照对2种观赏连翘光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(11):246-249.
[13]PEARCY R W,YANG W.A three-dimensional crown architecture model for assessment of light capture and carbon gain by under story plants[J].Oecologia,1996,108:1-12.
[14]郝婕,索相敏,李学营,等.不同整形修剪模式下富士苹果树体结构及相关因素分析[J].东北农业科学,2016,41(2):74-77.
[15]王亮,郭小平,毕华兴,等.晋西地区不同树龄富士苹果树群体冠层结构特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(11):115-120.
[16]刘曼曼,廖康,成小龙,等.‘库尔勒香梨’冠层内光照分布与产量品质关系研究[J].北方园艺,2014(16):20-24.
[17]何凤梨.桃开心形冠层微气候与果实产量品质关系的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[18]BOLSTAD P V,OWER S T.Estimation of leaf area index in fourteen southern Wisconsin forest stand using aportable radiometer[J].Tree Physiology,1990(7):115-124.
[19]CHASON J W,ALDOCCHI D D,USTON M A.A comparison of direct and indirect methods f-or estimating forest canopy leaf area[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1991(7):107-128.
[20]GHOL Z H L.Environmental limits on above ground net primary production,leaf area and biomass in vegetation zones of the Pacific northwest[J].Ecology,1982,3(2):469-481.
[21]张继祥,魏钦平,张静,等.利用冠层分析仪测算苹果园叶面积指数及其可靠性分析[J].园艺学报,2010,37(2):185-192.
[22]杨晓玲,杨晴,郭守华,等.敞口山楂与面楂光合作用及其相关因子的日变化[J].经济林研究,2008(3):20-23.
[23]于泽源,许姣卉,霍俊伟.李不同类型枝条和树体部位叶片光合速率研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2002(3):233-236.
[24]马志航,薛进军,丁政程,等.龙眼树形对生长结果及机理影响初探[J].广西植物,2015,35(6):880-884.
[25]江振斌.库尔勒香梨三种树形结构评价[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.
[2]段伟华,袁德义,高超,等.普通油茶不同树体结构与光能利用的关系[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(1):118-122.
[3] CRONJE P J R,BARREY G H,HUYSAMER M.Fruiting position during development of‘Nules Cl-ementine’mandarin affects the concentration of K,Mgand Cain the flavedo[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,130(4):829-837.
[4] ZHANG J J,SERRA S,LEISSO R S,et al.Effect of light microclimate on the quality of‘A-njou’pearsin mature open-centre tree architecture[J].Biosystems Engineering,2016,141:1-11.
[5]赵明新,张江红,孙文泰,等.不同树形冠层结构对‘早酥’梨产量和品质的影响[J].果树学报,2016,33(9):1076-1083.
[6]魏钦平,鲁韧强,张显川,等.富士苹果高干开心形光照分布与产量品质的关系研究[J].园艺学报,2004(3):291-296.
[7]樊庆忠,贾美莲.乔砧苹果幼树自由纺锤形整枝存在问题及对策[J].河北果树,2004(6):18-19.
[8]李丹,赵经华,洪明,等.不同种类果树冠层特性比较[J].北方园艺,2015(16):40-43.
[9] STRASSER R J,SRIVASTAVA A,TSIMILLI-MICHAEL M.The fluorescence transient as a tool to chara-cterize and screen photosynthetic samples[M]//YUNUS M,PATHRE U,MOHANTY P(Eds.).Probing photosynthesis:Mechanisms,regulation and adaptation.London:Taylor and Francis,2000:445-483.
[10]FORCE L,CRITCLEY C,RENSEN J J S.New fluorescence parameters formonitoring photosynthesis in leaves[J].Photosynth Res,2003,78:17-33.
[11]高山,孟潇,罗立新,等.核桃两种树形光合荧光特性的比较[J].北方园艺,2017(9):9-13.
[12]蒋华伟,罗红雨,李静会,等.不同光照对2种观赏连翘光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(11):246-249.
[13]PEARCY R W,YANG W.A three-dimensional crown architecture model for assessment of light capture and carbon gain by under story plants[J].Oecologia,1996,108:1-12.
[14]郝婕,索相敏,李学营,等.不同整形修剪模式下富士苹果树体结构及相关因素分析[J].东北农业科学,2016,41(2):74-77.
[15]王亮,郭小平,毕华兴,等.晋西地区不同树龄富士苹果树群体冠层结构特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(11):115-120.
[16]刘曼曼,廖康,成小龙,等.‘库尔勒香梨’冠层内光照分布与产量品质关系研究[J].北方园艺,2014(16):20-24.
[17]何凤梨.桃开心形冠层微气候与果实产量品质关系的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[18]BOLSTAD P V,OWER S T.Estimation of leaf area index in fourteen southern Wisconsin forest stand using aportable radiometer[J].Tree Physiology,1990(7):115-124.
[19]CHASON J W,ALDOCCHI D D,USTON M A.A comparison of direct and indirect methods f-or estimating forest canopy leaf area[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1991(7):107-128.
[20]GHOL Z H L.Environmental limits on above ground net primary production,leaf area and biomass in vegetation zones of the Pacific northwest[J].Ecology,1982,3(2):469-481.
[21]张继祥,魏钦平,张静,等.利用冠层分析仪测算苹果园叶面积指数及其可靠性分析[J].园艺学报,2010,37(2):185-192.
[22]杨晓玲,杨晴,郭守华,等.敞口山楂与面楂光合作用及其相关因子的日变化[J].经济林研究,2008(3):20-23.
[23]于泽源,许姣卉,霍俊伟.李不同类型枝条和树体部位叶片光合速率研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2002(3):233-236.
[24]马志航,薛进军,丁政程,等.龙眼树形对生长结果及机理影响初探[J].广西植物,2015,35(6):880-884.
[25]江振斌.库尔勒香梨三种树形结构评价[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.