平菇菇渣覆盖对冬种马铃薯生长和产量的影响
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摘要
以马铃薯品种费乌瑞它为供试材料,探讨了覆盖平菇菇渣对冬种马铃薯生长和产量的影响。结果表明:覆盖平菇菇渣能促进马铃薯提早出苗2～5d,缩短生育期2～9d,提高大薯率、商品薯率及鲜薯产量,降低绿薯率和裂薯率;覆盖2、3cm平菇菇渣处理的效果较好,比裸地栽培(CK)大薯率增加16.07、10.23个百分点,商品薯率增加5.74、4.94个百分点,鲜薯产量为29 333.97、28 121.41kg·hm~(-2),比裸地栽培(CK)增产26.51%、21.28%。生产上建议使用2、3cm厚度的平菇菇渣作为覆盖物栽培冬种马铃薯,可获得较高的产量。
In this paper,we used potato cv.'Favorita'as experiment material to study effects of mulching thickness of oyster mushroom residue on growth and yield of winter potato.The results showed that oyster mushroom residue mulching could sprout the potato seedlings earlier by 2-5 days,shorten growth period by 2-9 days,improve largesize and commercial tuber ratio and increase yield of fresh tuber,decrease the ratios of green and cracked tubers.Mulching thickness of 2 or 3 cm mushroom residue could receive a better effects,which increased large-size tuber ratios by 16.07 and 10.23 percentage points,commercial tuber ratios by 5.74 and 4.94 percentage points,yield of fresh tuber were 29 333.97 kg·hm~(-2) and 28 121.41 kg·hm~(-2) that were higher than open field cultivation(CK)by26.51% and 21.28%,respectively.So it was suggested to cultivation of winter potato use mulching thickness of 2 or3 cm mushroom residue in productive practice and could obtain relatively higher potato yield.
In this paper,we used potato cv.'Favorita'as experiment material to study effects of mulching thickness of oyster mushroom residue on growth and yield of winter potato.The results showed that oyster mushroom residue mulching could sprout the potato seedlings earlier by 2-5 days,shorten growth period by 2-9 days,improve largesize and commercial tuber ratio and increase yield of fresh tuber,decrease the ratios of green and cracked tubers.Mulching thickness of 2 or 3 cm mushroom residue could receive a better effects,which increased large-size tuber ratios by 16.07 and 10.23 percentage points,commercial tuber ratios by 5.74 and 4.94 percentage points,yield of fresh tuber were 29 333.97 kg·hm~(-2) and 28 121.41 kg·hm~(-2) that were higher than open field cultivation(CK)by26.51% and 21.28%,respectively.So it was suggested to cultivation of winter potato use mulching thickness of 2 or3 cm mushroom residue in productive practice and could obtain relatively higher potato yield.
引文
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[10]尹翠翠,卜崇兴,张艳苓,等.菇渣废弃物利用概述[J].现代园艺,2013(7):14-16.
[2]翁定河.薯类作物栽培[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:75-150.
[3]陆昆典,韦小贞,李春光,等.南方冬种马铃薯黑地膜夹层覆盖栽培技术[J].中国马铃薯,2012,26(6):344-347.
[4]鄢铮,王正荣,林怀礼,等.覆盖方式对马铃薯光合特性和产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2014,29(3):359-364.
[5]张淑青,张铁石,封志明,等.河北二季作区马铃薯春季多膜覆盖高效种植模式[J].中国马铃薯,2015,29(4):213-216.
[6]张宇平.稻草全程覆盖马铃薯免耕栽培技术[J].广西农业科学,2004,35(2):142.
[7]吕巨智,邝伟生,梁和,等.广西冬种免耕稻草覆盖马铃薯增产潜力及技术[J].中国马铃薯,2008,22(5):304-305.
[8]赵海红.水稻育秧棚中免耕稻草覆盖栽培马铃薯的探讨及展望[J].中国马铃薯,2014,28(2):123-124.
[9]刘连成,陈洪江,叶巍,等.威海市秋马铃薯小麦秸秆覆盖栽培技术[J].中国马铃薯,2009,23(5):312-313.
[10]尹翠翠,卜崇兴,张艳苓,等.菇渣废弃物利用概述[J].现代园艺,2013(7):14-16.