苏州相城区望庭镇水稻田降雨径流污染特征研究
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摘要
为研究水稻田非点源污染降雨径流的流失规律,减少水田中氮、磷等对地表水环境的污染提供科学依据,在自然降雨条件下,开展水稻田降雨—产流—产污同步观测的非点源试验,分析了降雨强度、降雨前田面水深、农田管理等因素对水田产流、产污的影响,计算次降雨平均质量浓度(珋ρEMCs).试验结果表明:同一场次降雨不同污染物的流失规律有很大不同,不同场次降雨的珋ρEMCs差异也很大;水稻田降雨前期的田面水深是决定径流产生的一个重要影响因子,对于分析是否有径流产生和异常数据的解析有重要作用;化肥的施用以及降雨距离施肥后时间间隔是影响珋ρEMCs的重要因素;苏州望亭镇的试验点,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的径流输出系数分别为4.363和0.156kg·hm-2,分别占稻季施肥量的1.21%和0.35%.
Non-point source field experiment in a rice plot under natural rainfall condition was carried out to observe runoff flow and quality simultaneously.Influence of rainfall intensity,depth of field surface,farmland management practice on runoff quantity and quality were analyzed,event mean concentrations(珋ρEMCs),export coefficients were estimated.It was found that pollutant loss was very different in the same rainfall event and珋ρEMCsvaried in different events.Surface water depth in paddy field prior to rainfall was an important factor to influence runoff.Fertilizer application and time(days)between runoff generation and fertilization were two important factors influencing珋ρEMCs.Export coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be 4.363 and 0.156kg·hm-2,up to 1.21%and 0.35%of the fertilizer used in the whole rice growing season respectively.
Non-point source field experiment in a rice plot under natural rainfall condition was carried out to observe runoff flow and quality simultaneously.Influence of rainfall intensity,depth of field surface,farmland management practice on runoff quantity and quality were analyzed,event mean concentrations(珋ρEMCs),export coefficients were estimated.It was found that pollutant loss was very different in the same rainfall event and珋ρEMCsvaried in different events.Surface water depth in paddy field prior to rainfall was an important factor to influence runoff.Fertilizer application and time(days)between runoff generation and fertilization were two important factors influencing珋ρEMCs.Export coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be 4.363 and 0.156kg·hm-2,up to 1.21%and 0.35%of the fertilizer used in the whole rice growing season respectively.
引文
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[14]李慧.基于田面水总氮变化特点和“水-氮耦合”机制的稻田氮素径流流失模型研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008
[15]张志剑,董亮,朱荫湄.水稻田面水氮素的动态特征、模式表征及排水流失研究[J].环境科学学报,2001(4):475
[16]顾佳,李勇,杨林章,等.直播水稻田田面水氮素动态变化及径流损失研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009(8):3626
[17]Ichiki A,Yamada K.Study on characteristics of pollutant runoff into Lake Biwa,Japan[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,39(12):17
[18]苏保林,李卉,张倩.太滆运河流域水稻田径流污染试验研究[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,48(5):453
[19]单峰,王淑平,王惠惠.太湖典型地区水稻田面水氮素时空变异特征研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(3):28
[2]焦瑞锋,张鸿睿,卞新民.稻田降雨径流扰动系数的解析分析[J].浙江农业学报,2012(5):898
[3]梁新强,田光明,朱松.天然降雨条件下水稻田氮磷径流流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2005(1):59
[4]田平,陈英旭,李华.杭嘉湖地区淹水稻田氮素径流流失负荷估算[J].应用生态学报,2006(10):1911
[5]陈颖,赵磊,张晓岚.海河流域水稻田氮磷地表径流流失特征初探[J].农业环境科学学报,2011(2):328
[6]邱卫国,唐浩,王超.水稻田面水氮素动态径流流失特性及控制技术研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004(4):740
[7]张刚.太湖地区主要类型稻田氮磷面源污染通量的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2007
[8]夏小江,胡清宇,朱利群,等.太湖地区稻田田面水氮磷动态特征及径流流失研究[J].水土保持学报,2011(4):21
[9]张鸿睿.稻田田面水氮磷动态及径流流失特征研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012
[10]王鹏,徐爱兰.太湖流域典型圩区农田氮素地表径流迁移特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2008(4):1335
[11]《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[12]Park M H,Swamikannu X,Stenstrom M K.Accuracy and precision of the volume:concentRation method for urban stormwater modeling[J].Water Research,2009,43(11):2773
[13]段亮,段增强,夏四清.农田氮、磷向水体迁移原因及对策[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007(4):6
[14]李慧.基于田面水总氮变化特点和“水-氮耦合”机制的稻田氮素径流流失模型研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008
[15]张志剑,董亮,朱荫湄.水稻田面水氮素的动态特征、模式表征及排水流失研究[J].环境科学学报,2001(4):475
[16]顾佳,李勇,杨林章,等.直播水稻田田面水氮素动态变化及径流损失研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009(8):3626
[17]Ichiki A,Yamada K.Study on characteristics of pollutant runoff into Lake Biwa,Japan[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,39(12):17
[18]苏保林,李卉,张倩.太滆运河流域水稻田径流污染试验研究[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,48(5):453
[19]单峰,王淑平,王惠惠.太湖典型地区水稻田面水氮素时空变异特征研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(3):28