粘重土壤下马铃薯挖掘机分离输送装置改进设计与试验
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摘要
针对升运链式马铃薯挖掘机输送分离装置普遍存在的在粘重土壤条件下升运链长度匹配性不佳等问题,设计了一种适宜粘重土壤的升运链输送分离装置。通过对该输送分离装置及薯土混合物的理论分析,确定了影响最佳薯土分离效果的主要因素,得到影响分离性能的升运链长度范围和抖动器等结构参数;以二级升运链长度、机具前进速度和升运链线速度为试验因素,以明薯率、伤薯率为试验指标进行田间试验,试验结果表明:二级升运链长度为3.1 m、机具前进速度为1.2 m/s、升运链线速度为1.5 m/s时,其明薯率为98.1%,伤薯率为1.1%,高于马铃薯挖掘机的收获作业要求。满足粘重土壤条件下马铃薯挖掘机的作业要求。
Aiming at the problems that the length of lifting chain,jitter separation ability and separation effect of the mixture of potatoes were not matched,the new type of lifting chain device of potato digger under the condition of heavy soil was designed. Based on the theoretical analysis of the separation,deliver and disintegration of the mixture and the mixture of potato and soil on the lifting chain,the main factors influenced the separation effect of the dispersion and crushing were obtained,and the range of lifting chain length and structure parameters of jitter that affected the process of transportation was got.The combination design of orthogonal and quadratic regression equation for the flail was adopted. Taking the length of the second elevator chain,forward speed of machine and velocity of lifting chain as the experimental factors,the field experiment was carried out to test the obvious potato rate and the injured potato rate. The test was implemented in agricultural sciences of academy in Heilongjiang Province at the beginning of September,2016. The experimental data was processed and optimized by software DesignExpert 8. 0. 6. The importance of main factors affecting obvious rate was the second elevator chain length and the forward speed of machine. The importance of main factors affecting injury rate was the second elevator chain length,the forward speed of machine and the velocity of the lift chain. Test results showed that when the second elevator chain length was 3. 1 m,the forward speed of machine was 1. 2 m/s,lifting chain line speed was 1. 5 m/s,the obvious potato rate was 98. 1%,and the injured potato rate was1. 1%. The function of machine was fully suitable for the potato excavator harvesting requirements. The relationship between the structure and position of jitter on digger,the installation position of the jitter,and the effects of separation and dripped of potato that suited the condition of heavy soil was determined.The research provided an important theoretical support and reference for the improvements and optimization of the lifting chain conveyor separation parts on potato digger.
Aiming at the problems that the length of lifting chain,jitter separation ability and separation effect of the mixture of potatoes were not matched,the new type of lifting chain device of potato digger under the condition of heavy soil was designed. Based on the theoretical analysis of the separation,deliver and disintegration of the mixture and the mixture of potato and soil on the lifting chain,the main factors influenced the separation effect of the dispersion and crushing were obtained,and the range of lifting chain length and structure parameters of jitter that affected the process of transportation was got.The combination design of orthogonal and quadratic regression equation for the flail was adopted. Taking the length of the second elevator chain,forward speed of machine and velocity of lifting chain as the experimental factors,the field experiment was carried out to test the obvious potato rate and the injured potato rate. The test was implemented in agricultural sciences of academy in Heilongjiang Province at the beginning of September,2016. The experimental data was processed and optimized by software DesignExpert 8. 0. 6. The importance of main factors affecting obvious rate was the second elevator chain length and the forward speed of machine. The importance of main factors affecting injury rate was the second elevator chain length,the forward speed of machine and the velocity of the lift chain. Test results showed that when the second elevator chain length was 3. 1 m,the forward speed of machine was 1. 2 m/s,lifting chain line speed was 1. 5 m/s,the obvious potato rate was 98. 1%,and the injured potato rate was1. 1%. The function of machine was fully suitable for the potato excavator harvesting requirements. The relationship between the structure and position of jitter on digger,the installation position of the jitter,and the effects of separation and dripped of potato that suited the condition of heavy soil was determined.The research provided an important theoretical support and reference for the improvements and optimization of the lifting chain conveyor separation parts on potato digger.
引文
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11 王彦军.4M-2型马铃薯联合收获机分离输送系统的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.WANG Yanjun.Research on separating and conveying system of the 4M-2 potato combine harvester[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2007.(in Chinese)
12 张兆国,王法安,张永成,等.自走式三七收获机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(增刊):234-240.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2016s036&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.S0.036.ZHANG Zhaoguo,WANG Faan,ZHANG Yongcheng,et al.Design and experiment of self-propelled panax notoginseng harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(Supp.):234-240.(in Chinese)
13 孙一源,高行方,余登苑.农业土壤力学[M].1版.北京:农业出版社,1985.
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15 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].1版.北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
16 孙广辉,魏宏安,李彦晶,等.4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机薯秧分离装置设计[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(6):146-150.SUN Guanghui,WEI Hongan,LI Yanjing,et al.Development of potato seedling separation devices of 4UFD-1400 potato combine harvester[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2012,47(6):146-150.(in Chinese)
17 徐光第.马铃薯收获机的抖动鏈理论基础[J].山西农业科学,1963(1):17-23.
18 MCRAE D C,HUTCHISON P S,CARRUTHERS J.Sieving control and horizontal agitation of potato harvester chains[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1986,29(2):366-369,373.
19 桑永英,张东兴,张梅梅.马铃薯碰撞损伤试验研究及有限元分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,13(1):81-84.SANG Yongying,ZHANG Dongxing,ZHANG Meimei.Study on bruising damage experiment of potato and finite element analysis[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2008,13(1):81-84.(in Chinese)
20 田忠恩.马铃薯挖掘机防堵装置系统的设计与性能试验[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.TIAN Zhongen.Design and experiment research on anti-blocking system of potato digger[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
21 武涛,马旭,齐龙,等.玉米根茬根土分离装置[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):133-139.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20140621&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.06.021.WU Tao,MA Xu,QI Long,et al.Roots-soil separating device of corn stubble[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):133-139.(in Chinese)
22 孟凤英.粘性土壤破碎机理及分形规律研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.MENG Fengying.A study on the fragmentation mechanism of cohesive soil and its fractal characteristics[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
23 孟凤英,丁启朔,鹿飞,等.冲击作用下粘性土壤破碎体的分形维数与影响因素[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(3):108-111,124.MENG Fengying,DING Qishuo,LU Fei,et al.Fragmentation fractal dimensions of cohesive soil under impact and its influencing factors[J].Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(3):108-111,124.(in Chinese)
24 丁启朔,丁为民,孟为国,等.耕作力学研究中的土壤结构表现与评价[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(8):62-66.DING Qishuo,DING Weimin,MENG Weiguo,et al.Characteristics and quantifications of soil structure for soil tillage research[J].Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007,38(8):62-66.(in Chinese)
25 Cz.卡那沃依斯基.收获机械[M].曹崇文,吴春江,柯保康,译.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1983.
26 康憬,李涛,孙伟,等.马铃薯挖掘机输送分离部件参数优化与试验分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):258-260.KANG Jing,LI Tao,SUN Wei,et al.Parameters optimization and test analysis of delivery separate parts in potato differ[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2013,31(6):258-260.(in Chinese)
27 葛宜元,梁秋艳,王桂莲.试验设计方法与Design-Expert软件应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015.
28 何为,薛卫东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.
2 吕金庆,尚琴琴,杨颖,等.马铃薯杀秧机设计优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):106-114,98.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160515&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.015.LJinqing,SHANG Qinqin,YANG Ying,et al.Design optimization and experiment on potato haulm cutter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):106-114,98.(in Chinese)
3 吕金庆,田忠恩,杨颖,等.马铃薯机械发展现状、存在问题及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2015,37(12):258-263.LJinqing,TIAN Zhongen,YANG Ying,et al.The development situation existing problems and development trend of potato machinery[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015,37(12):258-263.(in Chinese)
4 王公仆,蒋金琳,田艳清,等.马铃薯机械收获技术现状与发展趋势[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(1):11-15.WANG Gongpu,JIANG Jinlin,TIAN Yanqing,et al.Present status and prospects of mechanical potato harvest technology[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(1):11-15.(in Chinese)
5 胡志超,彭宝良,谢焕雄,等.升运链式花生收获机的设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(11):220-222.
6 吕金庆,田忠恩,杨颖,等.4U2A型双行马铃薯挖掘机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):17-24.LJinqing,TIAN Zhongen,YANG Ying,et al.Design and experimental analysis of 4U2A type double-row potato digger[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(6):17-24.(in Chinese)
7 PLATT H W,CAMPBELL A J,BIRT I,et al.Modifications of a potato harvester for small plot field research[J].American Potato Journal,1990,67:799-803.
8 刘宝,张东兴,李晶.MZPH-820型单行马铃薯收获机设计[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(5):81-86.LIU Bao,ZHANG Dongxing,LI Jing.Design on MZPH-820 single-row potato harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(5):81-86.(in Chinese)
9 陈中玉,高连兴,CHEN Charles,等.中美花生收获机械化技术现状与发展分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):1-21.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20170401&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.04.001.CHEN Zhongyu,GAO Lianxing,CHEN Charles,et al.Analysis on technology status and development of peanut harvest mechanization of China and the United States[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48 (4):1-21.(in Chinese)
10 杨然兵,杨红光,尚书旗,等.拨辊推送式马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):119-126.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160717&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.07.017.YANG Ranbing,YANG Hongguang,SHANG Shuqi,et al.Design and test of poking roller shoving type potato harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):119-126.(in Chinese)
11 王彦军.4M-2型马铃薯联合收获机分离输送系统的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.WANG Yanjun.Research on separating and conveying system of the 4M-2 potato combine harvester[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2007.(in Chinese)
12 张兆国,王法安,张永成,等.自走式三七收获机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(增刊):234-240.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2016s036&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.S0.036.ZHANG Zhaoguo,WANG Faan,ZHANG Yongcheng,et al.Design and experiment of self-propelled panax notoginseng harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(Supp.):234-240.(in Chinese)
13 孙一源,高行方,余登苑.农业土壤力学[M].1版.北京:农业出版社,1985.
14 姚贤良,程云生.土壤物理学[M].1版.北京:农业出版社,1986.
15 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].1版.北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
16 孙广辉,魏宏安,李彦晶,等.4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机薯秧分离装置设计[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(6):146-150.SUN Guanghui,WEI Hongan,LI Yanjing,et al.Development of potato seedling separation devices of 4UFD-1400 potato combine harvester[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2012,47(6):146-150.(in Chinese)
17 徐光第.马铃薯收获机的抖动鏈理论基础[J].山西农业科学,1963(1):17-23.
18 MCRAE D C,HUTCHISON P S,CARRUTHERS J.Sieving control and horizontal agitation of potato harvester chains[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1986,29(2):366-369,373.
19 桑永英,张东兴,张梅梅.马铃薯碰撞损伤试验研究及有限元分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,13(1):81-84.SANG Yongying,ZHANG Dongxing,ZHANG Meimei.Study on bruising damage experiment of potato and finite element analysis[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2008,13(1):81-84.(in Chinese)
20 田忠恩.马铃薯挖掘机防堵装置系统的设计与性能试验[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.TIAN Zhongen.Design and experiment research on anti-blocking system of potato digger[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
21 武涛,马旭,齐龙,等.玉米根茬根土分离装置[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):133-139.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20140621&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.06.021.WU Tao,MA Xu,QI Long,et al.Roots-soil separating device of corn stubble[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):133-139.(in Chinese)
22 孟凤英.粘性土壤破碎机理及分形规律研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.MENG Fengying.A study on the fragmentation mechanism of cohesive soil and its fractal characteristics[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
23 孟凤英,丁启朔,鹿飞,等.冲击作用下粘性土壤破碎体的分形维数与影响因素[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(3):108-111,124.MENG Fengying,DING Qishuo,LU Fei,et al.Fragmentation fractal dimensions of cohesive soil under impact and its influencing factors[J].Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(3):108-111,124.(in Chinese)
24 丁启朔,丁为民,孟为国,等.耕作力学研究中的土壤结构表现与评价[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(8):62-66.DING Qishuo,DING Weimin,MENG Weiguo,et al.Characteristics and quantifications of soil structure for soil tillage research[J].Transcations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007,38(8):62-66.(in Chinese)
25 Cz.卡那沃依斯基.收获机械[M].曹崇文,吴春江,柯保康,译.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1983.
26 康憬,李涛,孙伟,等.马铃薯挖掘机输送分离部件参数优化与试验分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):258-260.KANG Jing,LI Tao,SUN Wei,et al.Parameters optimization and test analysis of delivery separate parts in potato differ[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2013,31(6):258-260.(in Chinese)
27 葛宜元,梁秋艳,王桂莲.试验设计方法与Design-Expert软件应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015.
28 何为,薛卫东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.