中国冠状动脉血流储备分数测定技术临床路径专家共识
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摘要
<正>冠状动脉血流储备分数(fractionalf low reserve,FFR)是评估冠状动脉血流的功能学和生理学指标,定义为存在狭窄病变情况下该冠状动脉提供给心肌的最大血流量与理论上无狭窄情况下心肌所能获得最大血流量的比值。在冠状动脉供血区
引文
[1]PijlsNH, vanSon JA, Kirkeeide RL, et al. Experimental basis of determiningmaximum cor-onary,myocardial, and collateral bloodflowbypressuremeasurementsforassessingfunctional stenosis severity before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Circulation, 1993,87(4):1354-1367.
[2]De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Paulus WJ, et al. Trans-stenotic coronary pressure gradientmeasurement inhumans:invitro and invivo evaluation of a new pressure monitoring angioplasty guide wire. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1993,22(1):119-126.
[3]De Bruyne B, Baudhuin T, Melin JA, et al. Coronary?ow reserve calculated from pressure mea-surements in humans. Validation with positron emission tomography. Circulation, 1994,89(3):1013-1022.
[4]PijlsNH, van Schaardenburgh P, Manoharan G, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally nonsigni?cant stenosis:5-year follow-up of the DEFER Study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007,49(21):2105-2111.
[5]Pijls NH, Fearon WF, Tonino PA, et al. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease:2-year followup of the FAME(fractional flow reserve versus angiography for multivessel evaluation)study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010, 56(3):177-184.
[6]De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Kalesan B, et al. Fractional?ow reserveguided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med, 2012,367(11):991-1001.
[7]Berry C, Layland J, Stood A, et al. Fractional?ow reserve versus angiography in guiding management to optimize outcomes in non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction(FAMOUS-NSTEMI):rationale and design of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am Heart J,2013,166(4):662-668.
[8]Engstr?m T, Kelb?k H, Helqvist S, et al. Complete revascularisation versustreatmentoftheculpritlesiononlyinpatientswith STsegment elevationmyocardial infarction andmultivessel disease(DANAMI-3—PRIMULTI):an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2015,386(9994):665-671.
[9]Smits PC, Abdel-Wahab M, Neumann FJ, et al.Fractional?ow reserve-guided multivessel angioplasty in myocardial infarction.N Engl J Med, 2017,376(13):1234-1244.
[10]中华医学会心血管病学分会介入心脏病学组,中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会血栓防治专业委员会,中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会.中国经皮冠状动脉介入治疗指南(2016).中华心血管病杂志,2016,44(5):382-400.
[11]Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, et al. 2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines onmyocardialrevascularization:thetaskforceonmyocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery(EACTS)developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions(EAPCI). Eur Heart J, 2014,35(37):2541-2619.
[12]Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, et al.2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention:a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Associationtask force onpractice guidelines andthe society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions. Circulation,2011,124(23):e574-e651.
[13]Fearon WF, Bornschein B, Toninoet PA, et al. Economic evaluation of fractional?ow reserve–guided percutaneous coronary intervention inpatients with multivessel disease. Circulation, 2010,122(24):2545-2550.
[14]Fearon WF, Shilane D, Pijls NH, et al. Cost-effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable coronary artery disease and abnormal fractional flowreserve. Circulation,2013,128(12):1335-1340.
[15]Toth GG, Hamilos M, Pyxaras S, et al. Evolving concepts of angiogram:fractional?ow reserve discordances in 4000 coronary stenoses. Eur Heart J, 2014,35(40):2831-2838.
[16]HamilosM, MullerO, CuissetT, etal.Long-termclinical outcome after fractional flow reserve-guided treatment inpatients with angiographically equivocal left main coronary ar-tery stenosis.Circulation, 2009,120(15):1505-1512.
[17]AhnJM, YoonSH, RohJH, etal. Trendsinoutcomesof revascularization for leftmain coro-nary disease orthree-vessel disease with the routine incorporation of fractional?ow reserve in real practice. Am J Cardiol, 2015,116(8):1163-1171.
[18]Zimmermann FM, Ferrara A, Johnsonet NP, et al. Deferral vs.performance of percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally non-signi?cant coronary stenosis:15-year follow-up of the DEFER trial, Eur Heart J,2015,36(45):3182-3188.
[19]Nam CW, Mangiacapra F, Entjes R, et al. Functional SYNTAX score for risk assessment in multivessel coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol,2011,58(12):1211-1218.
[20]Lindstaedt M, Yazar A, Germing A, et al. Clinical outcome in patientswith intermediate or equivocal leftmain coronary artery disease after deferral of surgical revascularization on thebasis of fractional?ow reserve measurements. Am Heart J, 2006, 152(1):156.e1-e9.
[21]LauJK, YongAS. Useoffractional?owreservein diff erent anatomical subsets. Coron Artery Dis, 2015, 26(Suppl 1):e2-e7.
[22]DanielsDV, van’tVeerM, PijlsNH, etal. Theimpactof downstream coronary stenoses on fractional?ow reserve assessment of intermediate left main disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2012,5(10):1021-1025.
[23]Koo BK, Kang HJ, Youn TJ, et al. Physiologic assessment of jailed side branch lesions using fractional?ow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol,2005,46(4):.633-637.
[24]Koo BK, Park KW, Kang HJ, et al. Physiological evaluation of the provisional side-branch intervention strategy for bifurcation lesions using fractional?ow reserve. Eur Heart J, 2008,29(6):726-732.
[25]Botman CJ, Schonberger J, Koolen S, et al. Does stenosis severity ofnativevesselsinfluencebypassgraftpatency? Aprospective fractional flow reserve–guided study. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007,83(6):2093-2097.
[26]GlineurD, BoodhwaniM, PonceletA, etal. Comparisonof fractional?ow reserve of composite Y-grafts with saphenous vein or right internal thoracicarteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010,140(3):639-645.
[27]PijlsNH,KlaussV,SiebertU, etal.Coronarypressure measurement after stenting predicts adverse events at follow-up:a multicenter registry. Circulation, 2002,105(25):2950-2954.
[28]LeeJH, Kim CY, Kim N, et al. Coronary collaterals function and clinical outcome between patients with acute and chronic total occlusion. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2017,10(6):585-593.
[29]Perera D, Kanaganayagam GS,Saha M, et al. Coronary collaterals remainrecruitable afterpercutaneous intervention. Circulation,2007,115(15):2015-2021.
[30]KhouriEM, GreggDE, McGranahanGMJr. Regressionand reappearance of coronary collaterals. Am J Physiol, 1971, 220(3):655-661.
[31]Fujita M, McKown DP, McKown MD, et al. Coronary collateral regression in conscious dogs. Angiology, 1990,41(8):621-630.
[32]EscanedJ, Corte′s J,Flores A, et al. Importance of diastolic fractional flowreserve and dobutamine challenge inphysiologic assessment ofmyocardialbridging. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003,42(2):226-233.
[33]ParkK, YounTJ,ParkKW, etal.Physiologicevaluation ofmyocardialbridging-anew analysis for an old disease. CanJ Cardiol, 2011, 27(5):596-600.
[34]LaylandJ, Oldroyd KG, Curzen N, et al. Fractional?ow reserve vs. angiography in guidingmanagementto optimize outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction:the British Heart FoundationFAMOUS-NSTEMIrandomizedtrial.EurHeartJ,2015,36(2):100-111.
[35]Rosner GF, Kirtane AJ, Genereux P, et al. Impact of the presence andextentofincompleteangiographicrevascularizationafter percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndromes:the acute catheterization andurgentinterventiontriage strategy(ACUITY)trial. Circulation, 2012,125(21):2613-2620.
[36]SelsJW, ToninoPA, SiebertU, etal.Fractional?ow reserve inunstableanginaandnon–ST-segmentelevationmyocardial infarction:experience fromtheFAME(fractional flowreserve versusangiographyformultivesselevaluation)study.JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2011,4(11):1183-1189.
[37]De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Bartunek J, et al. Fractional?ow reserve in patients with prior myocar-dial infarction. Circulation, 2001,104(2):157-162.
[38]Ntalianis A, Sels JW, Davidavicius G, et al. Fractional?ow reserve for the assessment of nonculprit coronary artery stenoses in patients with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2010,3(12):1274-1281.
[39]McGeoch RJ, Oldroyd KG. Pharmacological options for inducing maximal hyperaemia during studies of coronary physiology. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv,2008, 71(2):198-204.
[40]冠状动脉血流储备分数临床应用专家共识专家组.冠状动脉血流储备分数临床应用专家共识.中华心血管病杂志,2016,44(4):292-297.
[41]TothGG, JohnsonNP, JeremiasA, etal. Standardizationof fractional?ow reserve measurements. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016,68(7):742-753.
[42]Toth GG, De Bruyne B, Rusinaru D, et al. Impact of right atrial pressure on fractional flow reserve measurements:comparison of fractional?ow reserve and myocardial fractional?ow reserve in1,600 coronary stenoses. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2016,9(5):453-459.
[43]Adjedj J, De Bruyne B, FloréV, et al. Signi?cance of intermediate values of fractional flowreserve inpatientswith coronary artery disease. Circulation, 2016,133(5):502-508.
[44]De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Heyndrickx GR, et al. Pressure-derived fractional?ow reserve to assess serial epicardial stenoses:theoretical basis and animal validation. Circulation,2000,101(15):1840-1847.
[45]PijlsNH, DeBruyneB, BechGJ, etal.Coronarypressure measurementtoassessthehemodynamic significanceof serial stenoseswithinonecoronaryartery:validationinhumans.Circulation, 2000, 102(19):2371-2377.
[46]Ng MK, Yeung AC, Fearon WF. Invasive assessment of the coronary microcirculation:superiorreproducibility and lesshemodynamic dependence of index of microcirculatory resistance compared with coronary?ow reserve. Circulation, 2006,113(17):2054-2061.
[47]Morton G, Chiribiri A, Ishida M, et al. Quanti?cation of absolute myocardialperfusioninpatientswithcoronaryarterydisease:comparison between cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012,60(16):1546-1555.
[48]BaumgartD,HaudeM, LiuF, etal.Currentconceptsof coronary flow reserve for clinical decision making during cardiac catheterization. Am Heart J, 1998,136(1):136-149.
[49]van de Hoef TP, van Lavieren MA, Damman P, et al. Physiological basisandlong-termclinicaloutcomeofdiscordancebetween fractionalflowreserveandcoronaryflowvelocityreservein coronary stenoses of intermediate severity. Circ Cardiovasc Interv,2014,7(3):301-311.
[50]PayneAR, Berry C, Doolin O, et al. Microvascular resistance predicts myocardial salvage and infarct characteristics in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc, 2012,1(4):e002246.
[51]MelikianN, VercauterenS,FearonWF, etal.Quantitative assessment of coronary microvascular function in patients with and without epicardial atherosclerosis. EuroIntervention, 2010,5(8):939-945.
[52]LuoC, Long M, Hu X, et al. Thermodilution-derived coronary microvascular resistance and flow reserve inpatients with cardiac syndrome X. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2014,7(1):43-48.
[53]Fearon WF, Shah M, Ng M, et al. Predictive value of the index of microcirculatory resistance in patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008, 51(5):560-565.
[54]Fearon WF, Low AF, Yong AS, et al. Prognostic value of the index of microcirculatory resistance measured after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation, 2013,127(24):2436-2441.
[55]LeeJM, LaylandJ,JungJH, etal. Integratedphysiologic assessment of ischemicheart disease inreal-worldpracticeusing index of microcirculatory resistance and fractional?ow reserve. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2015, 8(11):e002857.
[56]YongAS, Layland J, Fearon WF, et al. Calculation of the index ofmicrocirculatoryresistancewithout coronarywedgepressure measurement in the presence of epicardial stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2013, 6(1):53-58.
[2]De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Paulus WJ, et al. Trans-stenotic coronary pressure gradientmeasurement inhumans:invitro and invivo evaluation of a new pressure monitoring angioplasty guide wire. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1993,22(1):119-126.
[3]De Bruyne B, Baudhuin T, Melin JA, et al. Coronary?ow reserve calculated from pressure mea-surements in humans. Validation with positron emission tomography. Circulation, 1994,89(3):1013-1022.
[4]PijlsNH, van Schaardenburgh P, Manoharan G, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally nonsigni?cant stenosis:5-year follow-up of the DEFER Study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007,49(21):2105-2111.
[5]Pijls NH, Fearon WF, Tonino PA, et al. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease:2-year followup of the FAME(fractional flow reserve versus angiography for multivessel evaluation)study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010, 56(3):177-184.
[6]De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Kalesan B, et al. Fractional?ow reserveguided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med, 2012,367(11):991-1001.
[7]Berry C, Layland J, Stood A, et al. Fractional?ow reserve versus angiography in guiding management to optimize outcomes in non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction(FAMOUS-NSTEMI):rationale and design of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am Heart J,2013,166(4):662-668.
[8]Engstr?m T, Kelb?k H, Helqvist S, et al. Complete revascularisation versustreatmentoftheculpritlesiononlyinpatientswith STsegment elevationmyocardial infarction andmultivessel disease(DANAMI-3—PRIMULTI):an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2015,386(9994):665-671.
[9]Smits PC, Abdel-Wahab M, Neumann FJ, et al.Fractional?ow reserve-guided multivessel angioplasty in myocardial infarction.N Engl J Med, 2017,376(13):1234-1244.
[10]中华医学会心血管病学分会介入心脏病学组,中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会血栓防治专业委员会,中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会.中国经皮冠状动脉介入治疗指南(2016).中华心血管病杂志,2016,44(5):382-400.
[11]Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, et al. 2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines onmyocardialrevascularization:thetaskforceonmyocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery(EACTS)developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions(EAPCI). Eur Heart J, 2014,35(37):2541-2619.
[12]Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, et al.2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention:a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Associationtask force onpractice guidelines andthe society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions. Circulation,2011,124(23):e574-e651.
[13]Fearon WF, Bornschein B, Toninoet PA, et al. Economic evaluation of fractional?ow reserve–guided percutaneous coronary intervention inpatients with multivessel disease. Circulation, 2010,122(24):2545-2550.
[14]Fearon WF, Shilane D, Pijls NH, et al. Cost-effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable coronary artery disease and abnormal fractional flowreserve. Circulation,2013,128(12):1335-1340.
[15]Toth GG, Hamilos M, Pyxaras S, et al. Evolving concepts of angiogram:fractional?ow reserve discordances in 4000 coronary stenoses. Eur Heart J, 2014,35(40):2831-2838.
[16]HamilosM, MullerO, CuissetT, etal.Long-termclinical outcome after fractional flow reserve-guided treatment inpatients with angiographically equivocal left main coronary ar-tery stenosis.Circulation, 2009,120(15):1505-1512.
[17]AhnJM, YoonSH, RohJH, etal. Trendsinoutcomesof revascularization for leftmain coro-nary disease orthree-vessel disease with the routine incorporation of fractional?ow reserve in real practice. Am J Cardiol, 2015,116(8):1163-1171.
[18]Zimmermann FM, Ferrara A, Johnsonet NP, et al. Deferral vs.performance of percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally non-signi?cant coronary stenosis:15-year follow-up of the DEFER trial, Eur Heart J,2015,36(45):3182-3188.
[19]Nam CW, Mangiacapra F, Entjes R, et al. Functional SYNTAX score for risk assessment in multivessel coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol,2011,58(12):1211-1218.
[20]Lindstaedt M, Yazar A, Germing A, et al. Clinical outcome in patientswith intermediate or equivocal leftmain coronary artery disease after deferral of surgical revascularization on thebasis of fractional?ow reserve measurements. Am Heart J, 2006, 152(1):156.e1-e9.
[21]LauJK, YongAS. Useoffractional?owreservein diff erent anatomical subsets. Coron Artery Dis, 2015, 26(Suppl 1):e2-e7.
[22]DanielsDV, van’tVeerM, PijlsNH, etal. Theimpactof downstream coronary stenoses on fractional?ow reserve assessment of intermediate left main disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2012,5(10):1021-1025.
[23]Koo BK, Kang HJ, Youn TJ, et al. Physiologic assessment of jailed side branch lesions using fractional?ow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol,2005,46(4):.633-637.
[24]Koo BK, Park KW, Kang HJ, et al. Physiological evaluation of the provisional side-branch intervention strategy for bifurcation lesions using fractional?ow reserve. Eur Heart J, 2008,29(6):726-732.
[25]Botman CJ, Schonberger J, Koolen S, et al. Does stenosis severity ofnativevesselsinfluencebypassgraftpatency? Aprospective fractional flow reserve–guided study. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007,83(6):2093-2097.
[26]GlineurD, BoodhwaniM, PonceletA, etal. Comparisonof fractional?ow reserve of composite Y-grafts with saphenous vein or right internal thoracicarteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2010,140(3):639-645.
[27]PijlsNH,KlaussV,SiebertU, etal.Coronarypressure measurement after stenting predicts adverse events at follow-up:a multicenter registry. Circulation, 2002,105(25):2950-2954.
[28]LeeJH, Kim CY, Kim N, et al. Coronary collaterals function and clinical outcome between patients with acute and chronic total occlusion. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2017,10(6):585-593.
[29]Perera D, Kanaganayagam GS,Saha M, et al. Coronary collaterals remainrecruitable afterpercutaneous intervention. Circulation,2007,115(15):2015-2021.
[30]KhouriEM, GreggDE, McGranahanGMJr. Regressionand reappearance of coronary collaterals. Am J Physiol, 1971, 220(3):655-661.
[31]Fujita M, McKown DP, McKown MD, et al. Coronary collateral regression in conscious dogs. Angiology, 1990,41(8):621-630.
[32]EscanedJ, Corte′s J,Flores A, et al. Importance of diastolic fractional flowreserve and dobutamine challenge inphysiologic assessment ofmyocardialbridging. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003,42(2):226-233.
[33]ParkK, YounTJ,ParkKW, etal.Physiologicevaluation ofmyocardialbridging-anew analysis for an old disease. CanJ Cardiol, 2011, 27(5):596-600.
[34]LaylandJ, Oldroyd KG, Curzen N, et al. Fractional?ow reserve vs. angiography in guidingmanagementto optimize outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction:the British Heart FoundationFAMOUS-NSTEMIrandomizedtrial.EurHeartJ,2015,36(2):100-111.
[35]Rosner GF, Kirtane AJ, Genereux P, et al. Impact of the presence andextentofincompleteangiographicrevascularizationafter percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndromes:the acute catheterization andurgentinterventiontriage strategy(ACUITY)trial. Circulation, 2012,125(21):2613-2620.
[36]SelsJW, ToninoPA, SiebertU, etal.Fractional?ow reserve inunstableanginaandnon–ST-segmentelevationmyocardial infarction:experience fromtheFAME(fractional flowreserve versusangiographyformultivesselevaluation)study.JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2011,4(11):1183-1189.
[37]De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Bartunek J, et al. Fractional?ow reserve in patients with prior myocar-dial infarction. Circulation, 2001,104(2):157-162.
[38]Ntalianis A, Sels JW, Davidavicius G, et al. Fractional?ow reserve for the assessment of nonculprit coronary artery stenoses in patients with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2010,3(12):1274-1281.
[39]McGeoch RJ, Oldroyd KG. Pharmacological options for inducing maximal hyperaemia during studies of coronary physiology. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv,2008, 71(2):198-204.
[40]冠状动脉血流储备分数临床应用专家共识专家组.冠状动脉血流储备分数临床应用专家共识.中华心血管病杂志,2016,44(4):292-297.
[41]TothGG, JohnsonNP, JeremiasA, etal. Standardizationof fractional?ow reserve measurements. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016,68(7):742-753.
[42]Toth GG, De Bruyne B, Rusinaru D, et al. Impact of right atrial pressure on fractional flow reserve measurements:comparison of fractional?ow reserve and myocardial fractional?ow reserve in1,600 coronary stenoses. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2016,9(5):453-459.
[43]Adjedj J, De Bruyne B, FloréV, et al. Signi?cance of intermediate values of fractional flowreserve inpatientswith coronary artery disease. Circulation, 2016,133(5):502-508.
[44]De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Heyndrickx GR, et al. Pressure-derived fractional?ow reserve to assess serial epicardial stenoses:theoretical basis and animal validation. Circulation,2000,101(15):1840-1847.
[45]PijlsNH, DeBruyneB, BechGJ, etal.Coronarypressure measurementtoassessthehemodynamic significanceof serial stenoseswithinonecoronaryartery:validationinhumans.Circulation, 2000, 102(19):2371-2377.
[46]Ng MK, Yeung AC, Fearon WF. Invasive assessment of the coronary microcirculation:superiorreproducibility and lesshemodynamic dependence of index of microcirculatory resistance compared with coronary?ow reserve. Circulation, 2006,113(17):2054-2061.
[47]Morton G, Chiribiri A, Ishida M, et al. Quanti?cation of absolute myocardialperfusioninpatientswithcoronaryarterydisease:comparison between cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012,60(16):1546-1555.
[48]BaumgartD,HaudeM, LiuF, etal.Currentconceptsof coronary flow reserve for clinical decision making during cardiac catheterization. Am Heart J, 1998,136(1):136-149.
[49]van de Hoef TP, van Lavieren MA, Damman P, et al. Physiological basisandlong-termclinicaloutcomeofdiscordancebetween fractionalflowreserveandcoronaryflowvelocityreservein coronary stenoses of intermediate severity. Circ Cardiovasc Interv,2014,7(3):301-311.
[50]PayneAR, Berry C, Doolin O, et al. Microvascular resistance predicts myocardial salvage and infarct characteristics in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc, 2012,1(4):e002246.
[51]MelikianN, VercauterenS,FearonWF, etal.Quantitative assessment of coronary microvascular function in patients with and without epicardial atherosclerosis. EuroIntervention, 2010,5(8):939-945.
[52]LuoC, Long M, Hu X, et al. Thermodilution-derived coronary microvascular resistance and flow reserve inpatients with cardiac syndrome X. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2014,7(1):43-48.
[53]Fearon WF, Shah M, Ng M, et al. Predictive value of the index of microcirculatory resistance in patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008, 51(5):560-565.
[54]Fearon WF, Low AF, Yong AS, et al. Prognostic value of the index of microcirculatory resistance measured after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation, 2013,127(24):2436-2441.
[55]LeeJM, LaylandJ,JungJH, etal. Integratedphysiologic assessment of ischemicheart disease inreal-worldpracticeusing index of microcirculatory resistance and fractional?ow reserve. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2015, 8(11):e002857.
[56]YongAS, Layland J, Fearon WF, et al. Calculation of the index ofmicrocirculatoryresistancewithout coronarywedgepressure measurement in the presence of epicardial stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2013, 6(1):53-58.