486名3～6岁儿童体重指数与饮食行为的相关分析
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摘要
目的了解3～6岁儿童体重指数和饮食行为,并分析两者之间的关系,为儿童营养不良的防治措施提供参考依据。方法 2017年9月-2018年1月,采用分层整群抽样的调查方法,对所选取的486名3～6岁儿童的主要看护人进行调查,填写学龄前儿童饮食行为量表。调查员测量儿童身高、体重,计算体重指数。采用χ~2检验、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析对数据进行统计分析。结果调查发现,在486名儿童中,体重指数正常儿童356名、消瘦11名、超重61名、肥胖58名,检出率分别为73.25%、2.26%、12.55%和11.93%。3～6岁儿童不同性别饮食行为各维度得分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄组情绪性饮食(F=3.472,P=0.032)、主动进食能力得分(F=3.816,P=0.023)差异有统计学意义。不同体重指数组儿童在挑食(F=4.804,P=0.003)、不良进食习惯(F=6.077,P<0.001)及过饱响应维度得分(F=4.392,P=0.005)差异有统计学意义。儿童体重指数的影响因素有挑食(OR=-0.367,95%CI:-0.966～-0.112,P<0.001)、不良饮食习惯(OR=-0.097,95%CI:-20.705～-0.204,P=0.045)。结论该地区3～6岁儿童存在肥胖、消瘦等营养不良问题;挑食、不良进食习惯影响儿童体重指数;不同体重指数组儿童饮食行为在挑食、不良进食习惯及过饱响应方面有所不同。
Objective To understand current status and the correlation of dietary behavior and body mass index(BMI) in children aged 3-6 years,so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in children. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was carried out in 486 main caregivers of children from September 2017 to January 2018.Participants were asked to fill out Preschool Children′s Diet Behavior Scale. And data on children′s height,weight and body mass index(BMI) were collected. χ~2 test,independent sample t test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze data. Results Totally 356(73.25%) children with normal BMI,11(2.26%) emaciated children,61(12.55%) overweight children and 58 obese children were detected in 486 children. There was no significant difference on scores of all dimensions of dietary behavior between boys and girls in children aged 3-6 years(P>0.05). And the scores of emotional diet and active eating ability at different age groups were significantly different(F=3.472,3.816,P<0.05). Also,there were statistically significant differences on the scores of picky eating,bad eating habits and satiety response(F=4.804,6.077,4.392,P<0.05) with children different BMI values. Picky eating(OR=-0.367,95%CI:-0.966--0.112,P<0.001) and bad eating habits(OR=-0.097,95%CI:-20.705--0.204,P=0.045) had impact on children′s BMI. Conclusions There are nutritional problems such as obesity,overweight and emaciation in children aged 3-6 years in this district. Picky food,bad eating habits affect children′s BMI. Children in different BMI groups have different eating behaviors on the aspects of picky eating,bad eating habits and satiety response.
Objective To understand current status and the correlation of dietary behavior and body mass index(BMI) in children aged 3-6 years,so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in children. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was carried out in 486 main caregivers of children from September 2017 to January 2018.Participants were asked to fill out Preschool Children′s Diet Behavior Scale. And data on children′s height,weight and body mass index(BMI) were collected. χ~2 test,independent sample t test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze data. Results Totally 356(73.25%) children with normal BMI,11(2.26%) emaciated children,61(12.55%) overweight children and 58 obese children were detected in 486 children. There was no significant difference on scores of all dimensions of dietary behavior between boys and girls in children aged 3-6 years(P>0.05). And the scores of emotional diet and active eating ability at different age groups were significantly different(F=3.472,3.816,P<0.05). Also,there were statistically significant differences on the scores of picky eating,bad eating habits and satiety response(F=4.804,6.077,4.392,P<0.05) with children different BMI values. Picky eating(OR=-0.367,95%CI:-0.966--0.112,P<0.001) and bad eating habits(OR=-0.097,95%CI:-20.705--0.204,P=0.045) had impact on children′s BMI. Conclusions There are nutritional problems such as obesity,overweight and emaciation in children aged 3-6 years in this district. Picky food,bad eating habits affect children′s BMI. Children in different BMI groups have different eating behaviors on the aspects of picky eating,bad eating habits and satiety response.
引文
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[2] 耿琛琛,夏婧,闻德亮,等.儿童肥胖并发症[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2014,29(7):544-547.
[3] 徐凤亚,张蕴琨.学龄前儿童膳食营养现状及影响因素的研究进展[J].南京体育学院学报:自然科学版,2017,16(1):39-43.
[4] 杨显君.学龄前儿童饮食行为量表的编制与评价[D].西安:第四军医大学,2013.
[5] 李辉,季成叶,宗心南,等.中国0～18岁儿童、青少年块指数的生长曲线[J].中华儿科杂志,2009,47(7):493-498.
[6] 戴杨,徐通,马永红,等.学龄前儿童饮食行为及其影响因素的研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2018,26(3):243-246.
[7] 杨亦丰,张瑞娟.西安市某社区学龄前儿童营养不良现状及影响因素分析[J].陕西医学杂志,2015,44(4):500-501.
[8] 郭文慧,王军.某地区儿童肥胖的发生率及其危险因素的分析[J].中国卫生产业,2016,20(13):97-99.
[9] 王春霞,高美哲,陈红.饮食行为问题对学龄前儿童生长发育的影响[J].海南医学,2017,28(20):3415-3418.
[10] 华丽,叶天惠,刘琳,等.244例学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的调查[J].护理研究,2015,29(2):674-676.