含铬、硅合金钢在水蒸气气氛下高温氧化行为的研究进展
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摘要
介绍了在水蒸气气氛中,含铬、硅合金钢的高温氧化动力学遵循S曲线,即第一阶段的慢速氧化、第二阶段的快速氧化和第三阶段的慢速氧化。分析了在氧化初期,具有保护性的Cr_2O_3/SiO_2氧化层在钢表面的生成阻碍了离子的扩散,随后保护层的失效导致快速氧化。讨论了在含有水蒸气的高温氧化条件下,氧化皮截面通常呈三层结构。指出了通常水蒸气促使形成了含更多孔的氧化皮,多孔结构增大了氧化皮的剥离倾向。
The oxidation kinetics of chromium and silicon steel in water vapor following the S curve were introduced,the first slow oxidation stage,the second rapid oxidation stage and the third oxidation stage.The formation of protective Cr_2O_3/SiO_2layer on the steel surface preventing the diffusion of ions were discussed,and following the failure of the protective layer leaded to the rapid oxidation.The cross-section of the oxide scale normally with three-layer structure under the high temperature oxidation in water vapor were analyzed.Generally,the water vapor promoting the formation of more porous scales was pointed out and then the porous structure increased the tendency of the peel of the oxide scale.
The oxidation kinetics of chromium and silicon steel in water vapor following the S curve were introduced,the first slow oxidation stage,the second rapid oxidation stage and the third oxidation stage.The formation of protective Cr_2O_3/SiO_2layer on the steel surface preventing the diffusion of ions were discussed,and following the failure of the protective layer leaded to the rapid oxidation.The cross-section of the oxide scale normally with three-layer structure under the high temperature oxidation in water vapor were analyzed.Generally,the water vapor promoting the formation of more porous scales was pointed out and then the porous structure increased the tendency of the peel of the oxide scale.
引文
[1]Lee V H, Gleeson B, Young D J.Scaling of carbon steel in simulated reheat furnace atmospheres[J].Oxidation of Metals,2005,63(1/2):15-31.
[2]Fukumoto M, Maeda S, Hayashi S, et al.Effect of Water Vapor on the Oxidation Behavior of Fe-1.5Si in Air at 1073 and1273 K[J].Oxidation of Metals,2001,55(5/6):401-422.
[3]Behnamian Y, Mostafaei A, Kohandehghan A, et al.Internal oxidation and crack susceptibility of alloy 310S stainless steel after long term exposure to supercritical water at 500℃[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2017,120:161-172
[4]Behnamian Y, Mostafaei A, Kohandehghan A, et al.A comparative study on the oxidation of austenitic alloys 304 and304-oxide dispersion strengthened steel in supercritical water at650℃[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2016,119:245-260.
[5]Behnamian Y, Mostafaei A, Kohandehghan A, et al.Characterization of oxide scales grown on alloy 310S stainless steel after long term exposure to supercritical water at 500℃[J].Materials Characterization,2016,120:273-284.
[6]Li Y, Wang S, Sun P, et al.Early oxidation of Super304H stainless steel and its scales stability in supercritical water environments[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(35):15764-15771.
[7]Gao W, Guo X, Shen Z, et al.Corrosion behavior of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steels in supercritical water[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2017,486:1-10.
[8]Zhang N, Zhu Z, Yue G, et al.The oxidation behaviour of an austenitic steel in deaerated supercritical water at 600-700℃[J].Materials Characterization,2017,132:119-125.
[9]Hu H, Zhou Z, Li M, et al.Study of the corrosion behavior of a 18Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened steel in supercritical water[J].Corrosion Science,2012,65(4):209-213.
[10]Otsuka N, Shida Y, Fujikawa H.Internal-external transition for the oxidation of Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steels in steam[J].Oxidation of Metals,1989,32(1/2):13-45.
[11]Liu G M, Wang C F, Liu G, et al.Oxidation Behavior of T91 Steel in Water Vapor Atmosphere at 750℃[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,941-944:193-197.
[12]U eda M, Oyama Y, Kawamura K, et al.Oxygen potential distribution during disappearance of the internal oxidation zone formed in the steam oxidation of Fe-9Cr-0.26Si ferritic steel at973 K[J].Materials at High Temperatures,2005,22(1/2):79-85.
[13]Ueda M,Nanko M,Kawamura K,et al.Formation and disappearance of an internal oxidation zone in the initial stage of the steam oxidation of Fe-9Cr-0.26Si ferritic steel[J].Materials at High Temperatures,2003,20(2):109-114.
[14]Fujii C T, Meussner R A.The mechanism of the high-temperature oxidation of iron-chromium alloys in water vapor[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1964,111(11):1215-1221.
[15]Bolívar F J, Sánchez L, Hierro M P, et al.Evaluation of Si coating on ferritic steels by CVD-FBR technology in steam oxidation[J].Defect&Diffusion Forum,2009,289-292:413-420.
[16]Geng B, Zhang L, Fan N, et al.Effect of water vapor temperature and flow on oxidation behavior of T91 heat resisting steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2014,4(1):52-57.
[17]Shen J, Zhou L, Li T.High-temperature oxidation of Fe-Cr alloys in wet oxygen[J].Oxidation of Metals,1997,48(3/4):347-356.
[18]Pieraggi B, Rolland C, Bruckel P.Morphological characteristics of oxide scales grown on H11 steel oxidised in dry or wet air[J].Materials at High Temperatures,2005,22(1/2):61-68.
[19]Peng X, Yan J, Zhou Y, et al.Effect of grain refinement on the resistance of 304 stainless steel to breakaway oxidation in wet air[J].Acta Materialia,2005,53(19):5079-5088.
[20]Halvarsson M, Tang J E, Asteman H, et al.Microstructural investigation of the breakdown of the protective oxide scale on a 304 steel in the presence of oxygen and water vapour at 600℃[J].Corrosion Science,2006,48(8):2014-2035.
[21]Asteman H, Svensson J E, Johansson L G.Oxidation of 310steel in H2O/O2mixtures at 600℃:the effect of watervapour-enhanced chromium evaporation[J].Corrosion Science,2002,44(11):2635-2649.
[22]Yamauchi A, Kurokawa K, Takahashi H.Evaporation of Cr2O3,in atmospheres containing H2O[J].Oxidation of Metals,2003,59(5/6):517-527.
[23]Opila E J.Volatility of common protective oxides in high-temperature water vapor:current understanding and unanswered questions[J].Materials Science Forum,2004,461-464:765-774.
[24]Shen Jianian, Zhou Longjiang, Li Tiefan.High-temperature oxidation of Fe-Cr alloys in wet oxygen[J].Oxid Met,1997,48(3/4):347–356.
[25]Pantip Ampornrat, Gary S.Oxidation of ferritic-mart ensitic alloys T91, HCM12A and HT-9 in supercritical water[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2007,371(1/3):1-17.
[26]Zhong X, Wu X, Han E H.Effects of exposure temperature and time on corrosion behavior of a ferritic–martensitic steel P92 in aerated supercritical water[J].Corrosion Science,2015,90(23):511-521.
[27]Yin K, Qiu S, Rui T, et al.Corrosion behavior of ferritic/martensitic steel P92 in supercritical water[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,50(3):235-239.
[28]Ueda M, Inoue Y, Ochiai H, et al.The Effect of Water Vapor on the Transition from Internal to External Oxidation of Austenitic Steels at 1,073 K[J].Oxidation of Metals,2013,79(5/6):485-494.
[29]Zhu Z, Xu H, Jiang D, et al.Influence of temperature on the oxidation behaviour of a ferritic-martensitic steel in supercritical water[J].Corrosion Science,2016,113:172-179.
[30]Li K, Ma H, He Y, et al.Microstructural evolution and oxidation resistance of T92 boiler tube steel upon long-term supercritical steam test[J].Fusion Engineering&Design,2017.
[31]Lee V H J, Gleeson B, Young D J.Scaling of carbon steel in simulated reheat furnace atmospheres[J].Oxidation of Metals,2005,63(1/2):15-31.
[32]Tuck C W, Odgers M, Sachs K.The oxidation of iron at 950℃in oxygen/water vapour mixtures[J].Corrosion Science,1969,9(4):271-280.
[33]Rahmel A, Tobolski J.Einfluss von wasserdampf und kohlendioxyd auf die oxydation von eisen in sauersto bei hohen temperaturen[J].Corrosion Sci,1965(5):333-346.
[34]Kim D J, Kim K M, Shin J H, et al.Oxidation behavior of steel with cr content and water flow rate[J].Archives of Metallurgy&Materials,2017,62(2):45-49.
[35]Xiang Z D, Rose S R, Datta P K.Long-term oxidation kinetics of aluminide coatings on alloy steels by low temperature pack cementation process[J].Journal of Materials Science,2006,41(22):7353-7360.
[36]T?kei Z, Viefhaus H, Grabke H J.Initial stages of oxidation of a 9CrMoV-steel:role of segregation and martensite laths[J].Applied Surface Science,2000,165(1):23-33.
[37]Badin V, Diamanti E, Forêt P, et al.Water vapor oxidation of ferritic 441 and austenitic 316l stainless steels at 1100℃for short duration[J].Procedia Materials Science,2015,9:48-53.
[38]潘太军,陈婧,李杰,等.Fe-Cr-Mn合金在湿润环境中的氧化行为研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2015,27(6):537-544.
[2]Fukumoto M, Maeda S, Hayashi S, et al.Effect of Water Vapor on the Oxidation Behavior of Fe-1.5Si in Air at 1073 and1273 K[J].Oxidation of Metals,2001,55(5/6):401-422.
[3]Behnamian Y, Mostafaei A, Kohandehghan A, et al.Internal oxidation and crack susceptibility of alloy 310S stainless steel after long term exposure to supercritical water at 500℃[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2017,120:161-172
[4]Behnamian Y, Mostafaei A, Kohandehghan A, et al.A comparative study on the oxidation of austenitic alloys 304 and304-oxide dispersion strengthened steel in supercritical water at650℃[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2016,119:245-260.
[5]Behnamian Y, Mostafaei A, Kohandehghan A, et al.Characterization of oxide scales grown on alloy 310S stainless steel after long term exposure to supercritical water at 500℃[J].Materials Characterization,2016,120:273-284.
[6]Li Y, Wang S, Sun P, et al.Early oxidation of Super304H stainless steel and its scales stability in supercritical water environments[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(35):15764-15771.
[7]Gao W, Guo X, Shen Z, et al.Corrosion behavior of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steels in supercritical water[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2017,486:1-10.
[8]Zhang N, Zhu Z, Yue G, et al.The oxidation behaviour of an austenitic steel in deaerated supercritical water at 600-700℃[J].Materials Characterization,2017,132:119-125.
[9]Hu H, Zhou Z, Li M, et al.Study of the corrosion behavior of a 18Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened steel in supercritical water[J].Corrosion Science,2012,65(4):209-213.
[10]Otsuka N, Shida Y, Fujikawa H.Internal-external transition for the oxidation of Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steels in steam[J].Oxidation of Metals,1989,32(1/2):13-45.
[11]Liu G M, Wang C F, Liu G, et al.Oxidation Behavior of T91 Steel in Water Vapor Atmosphere at 750℃[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,941-944:193-197.
[12]U eda M, Oyama Y, Kawamura K, et al.Oxygen potential distribution during disappearance of the internal oxidation zone formed in the steam oxidation of Fe-9Cr-0.26Si ferritic steel at973 K[J].Materials at High Temperatures,2005,22(1/2):79-85.
[13]Ueda M,Nanko M,Kawamura K,et al.Formation and disappearance of an internal oxidation zone in the initial stage of the steam oxidation of Fe-9Cr-0.26Si ferritic steel[J].Materials at High Temperatures,2003,20(2):109-114.
[14]Fujii C T, Meussner R A.The mechanism of the high-temperature oxidation of iron-chromium alloys in water vapor[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,1964,111(11):1215-1221.
[15]Bolívar F J, Sánchez L, Hierro M P, et al.Evaluation of Si coating on ferritic steels by CVD-FBR technology in steam oxidation[J].Defect&Diffusion Forum,2009,289-292:413-420.
[16]Geng B, Zhang L, Fan N, et al.Effect of water vapor temperature and flow on oxidation behavior of T91 heat resisting steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2014,4(1):52-57.
[17]Shen J, Zhou L, Li T.High-temperature oxidation of Fe-Cr alloys in wet oxygen[J].Oxidation of Metals,1997,48(3/4):347-356.
[18]Pieraggi B, Rolland C, Bruckel P.Morphological characteristics of oxide scales grown on H11 steel oxidised in dry or wet air[J].Materials at High Temperatures,2005,22(1/2):61-68.
[19]Peng X, Yan J, Zhou Y, et al.Effect of grain refinement on the resistance of 304 stainless steel to breakaway oxidation in wet air[J].Acta Materialia,2005,53(19):5079-5088.
[20]Halvarsson M, Tang J E, Asteman H, et al.Microstructural investigation of the breakdown of the protective oxide scale on a 304 steel in the presence of oxygen and water vapour at 600℃[J].Corrosion Science,2006,48(8):2014-2035.
[21]Asteman H, Svensson J E, Johansson L G.Oxidation of 310steel in H2O/O2mixtures at 600℃:the effect of watervapour-enhanced chromium evaporation[J].Corrosion Science,2002,44(11):2635-2649.
[22]Yamauchi A, Kurokawa K, Takahashi H.Evaporation of Cr2O3,in atmospheres containing H2O[J].Oxidation of Metals,2003,59(5/6):517-527.
[23]Opila E J.Volatility of common protective oxides in high-temperature water vapor:current understanding and unanswered questions[J].Materials Science Forum,2004,461-464:765-774.
[24]Shen Jianian, Zhou Longjiang, Li Tiefan.High-temperature oxidation of Fe-Cr alloys in wet oxygen[J].Oxid Met,1997,48(3/4):347–356.
[25]Pantip Ampornrat, Gary S.Oxidation of ferritic-mart ensitic alloys T91, HCM12A and HT-9 in supercritical water[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2007,371(1/3):1-17.
[26]Zhong X, Wu X, Han E H.Effects of exposure temperature and time on corrosion behavior of a ferritic–martensitic steel P92 in aerated supercritical water[J].Corrosion Science,2015,90(23):511-521.
[27]Yin K, Qiu S, Rui T, et al.Corrosion behavior of ferritic/martensitic steel P92 in supercritical water[J].Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2009,50(3):235-239.
[28]Ueda M, Inoue Y, Ochiai H, et al.The Effect of Water Vapor on the Transition from Internal to External Oxidation of Austenitic Steels at 1,073 K[J].Oxidation of Metals,2013,79(5/6):485-494.
[29]Zhu Z, Xu H, Jiang D, et al.Influence of temperature on the oxidation behaviour of a ferritic-martensitic steel in supercritical water[J].Corrosion Science,2016,113:172-179.
[30]Li K, Ma H, He Y, et al.Microstructural evolution and oxidation resistance of T92 boiler tube steel upon long-term supercritical steam test[J].Fusion Engineering&Design,2017.
[31]Lee V H J, Gleeson B, Young D J.Scaling of carbon steel in simulated reheat furnace atmospheres[J].Oxidation of Metals,2005,63(1/2):15-31.
[32]Tuck C W, Odgers M, Sachs K.The oxidation of iron at 950℃in oxygen/water vapour mixtures[J].Corrosion Science,1969,9(4):271-280.
[33]Rahmel A, Tobolski J.Einfluss von wasserdampf und kohlendioxyd auf die oxydation von eisen in sauersto bei hohen temperaturen[J].Corrosion Sci,1965(5):333-346.
[34]Kim D J, Kim K M, Shin J H, et al.Oxidation behavior of steel with cr content and water flow rate[J].Archives of Metallurgy&Materials,2017,62(2):45-49.
[35]Xiang Z D, Rose S R, Datta P K.Long-term oxidation kinetics of aluminide coatings on alloy steels by low temperature pack cementation process[J].Journal of Materials Science,2006,41(22):7353-7360.
[36]T?kei Z, Viefhaus H, Grabke H J.Initial stages of oxidation of a 9CrMoV-steel:role of segregation and martensite laths[J].Applied Surface Science,2000,165(1):23-33.
[37]Badin V, Diamanti E, Forêt P, et al.Water vapor oxidation of ferritic 441 and austenitic 316l stainless steels at 1100℃for short duration[J].Procedia Materials Science,2015,9:48-53.
[38]潘太军,陈婧,李杰,等.Fe-Cr-Mn合金在湿润环境中的氧化行为研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2015,27(6):537-544.