牯牛降自然保护区大型真菌资源组成及分布
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摘要
为了解安徽牯牛降自然保护区野生大型真菌的组成及生态分布特征,对不同植被类型和不同海拔高度的大型真菌资源进行调查研究。结果表明,该区大型真菌共有153种,隶属于39科70属,其中优势科为多孔菌科(Polyporaceae,33种,21.57%)、小皮伞科(Marasmiaceae,13种,8.50%)。根据生态习性分土生菌48种(31.37%),木生菌105种(68.63%)。依经济价值分为食用菌53种(34.64%),药用菌58种(37.91%),毒菌9种(5.88%),经济价值不明40种(26.14%)。不同植被类型中大型真菌发生的种类存在差异,其中发生于混交林中的大型真菌种类最多,共106种,占69.28%,其次为阔叶林中的大型真菌68种,占44.44%,针叶林中的大型真菌31种,占20.26%,竹林中的大型真菌23种,占15.03%,发生在灌丛或草丛中的大型真菌36种,占23.53%。随着海拔垂直高度的变化,大型真菌的种类及数量亦存在明显差异,低山林带型分布的大型真菌96种,占62.75%,中山林带型分布的大型真菌54种,占35.29%,高山林带型分布的大型真菌14种,占9.15%。不同的地理和环境条件使该林区大型真菌具有不同的生态分布特征。
The macrofungi from different vegetation types and the altitudes were studied to understand the composition and ecological distribution of wild macrofungus resources occurring in Guniujiang Natural Reserve.A total of 153 species were recorded,belonging to 70 genera and 39 families.The dominant families were Polyporaceae(33 species,21.57%)and Marasmiaceae(13 species,8.50%).According to their ecological habitats,they were categorized into 48 humicolous species(31.37%),105 lignicolous species(68.63%).Based on their economic values,there were 53 edible species(34.64%),58 medicinal species(31.97%),9 poisonous species(5.88%)and 40 unknown species(26.14%).Macrofungus species were differently distributed in different types of vegetations.The most species occurred in mixed forest(106 species,69.28%),followed by broadleaved forest(68 species,44.44%),coniferous forest(31 species,20.26%),bamboo forest(23 species,15.03%),bushy or herbosa(36 species,23.53%).The obvious difference of composition species of wild macrofungi were existed with the vertical height of the elevation changes.They were distributed in low mountain(96 species,62.75%),middle mountain(54 species,35.29%)and high mountain forest(14 species,9.15%).The unique characteristics of ecological distribution of macrofungi in Guniujiang Natural Reserve,were primarily caused by different geographical and envi-ronmental conditions.
The macrofungi from different vegetation types and the altitudes were studied to understand the composition and ecological distribution of wild macrofungus resources occurring in Guniujiang Natural Reserve.A total of 153 species were recorded,belonging to 70 genera and 39 families.The dominant families were Polyporaceae(33 species,21.57%)and Marasmiaceae(13 species,8.50%).According to their ecological habitats,they were categorized into 48 humicolous species(31.37%),105 lignicolous species(68.63%).Based on their economic values,there were 53 edible species(34.64%),58 medicinal species(31.97%),9 poisonous species(5.88%)and 40 unknown species(26.14%).Macrofungus species were differently distributed in different types of vegetations.The most species occurred in mixed forest(106 species,69.28%),followed by broadleaved forest(68 species,44.44%),coniferous forest(31 species,20.26%),bamboo forest(23 species,15.03%),bushy or herbosa(36 species,23.53%).The obvious difference of composition species of wild macrofungi were existed with the vertical height of the elevation changes.They were distributed in low mountain(96 species,62.75%),middle mountain(54 species,35.29%)and high mountain forest(14 species,9.15%).The unique characteristics of ecological distribution of macrofungi in Guniujiang Natural Reserve,were primarily caused by different geographical and envi-ronmental conditions.
引文
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[16]王薇,图力古尔.长白山地区大型真菌的区系组成及生态分布[J].吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(1):26-36.WANG W,TULIGUER.Diversity of mycobiota and ecological distribution of macrofungi in Changbai mountain[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2015,37(1):26-36.(in Chinese)
[17]TRUDELL S A,EDMONDS R L.Macrofungus communities correlate with moisture and nitrogen abundance in two oldgrowth conifer forests,Olympic national park,Washington,USA[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,2004,82(6):781-800.
[2]郑素月,张庆桥,刘贵巧,等.几种大型食用真菌子实体粗提物的抗菌活性[J].江苏农业科学,2010(1):340-341.
[3]崔福顺,李官浩,林石哲.美味牛肝菌提取物对延边黄牛肉保鲜作用的研究[J].食品与机械,2014,30(6):120-123.CUI F S,LI G H,LIN S Z.Preservative effect of Boletus edulis extracts on Yanbian cattle beef[J].Food and Machinery,2014,30(6):120-123.(in Chinese)
[4]王伟,牟圆圆,黄伟.葡萄灰霉病生防拮抗菌的筛选及发酵条件优化[J].食品与机械,2013,29(6):191-196.WANG W,MOU Y Y,HUANG W.Screening and fermentation conditions optimization for antagonistic bacteria to grape grey mold[J].Food and Machinery,2013,29(6):191-196.(in Chinese)
[5]安鑫龙,周启星.平菇菌丝体对Cd、Pb及其复合污染的生长与富集响应[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(7):630-633.AN X L,ZHOU Q X.Growth and accumulation response of Pleurotus ostreatus on Cd,Pb and their combined pollution[J].China Environmental Science,2008,28(7):630-633.(in Chinese)
[6]郭全平,高智辉,宋晓斌,等.白龙江、洮河林区大型真菌资源及分布[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(3):126-136.GUO Q P,GAO Z H,SONG X B,et al.Macrofungi flora distribution and faunal study in Bailongjiang-Taohe forest region[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2010,25(3):126-136.(in Chinese)
[7]周均亮,李杉,苏胜宇,等.西藏林芝和昌都地区不同植被下大型真菌生态分布[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(4):91-96.ZHOU J L,LI S,SU S Y,et al.Ecological distribution of macrofungi under different vegetation types Linzhi and Changdu of Tibet[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition,2014,38(4):91-96.(in Chinese)
[8]豆青,褚洪龙,王海华,等.西北农林科技大学校园大型真菌资源与分布[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):174-181.DOU Q,CHU H L,WANG H H,et al.Resource and distribution of macrofungi in the campus of northwest A&F University[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(6):174-181.(in Chinese)
[9]余琦殷,于梦凡,邢韶华,等.辽宁青龙河自然保护区大型真菌种类及分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):133-137.YU Q Y,YU M F,XING S H,et al.The distribution characteristics of macrofungi in nature reserve of Qinglong River,Liaoning Province[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(7):133-137.(in Chinese)
[10]LOPZ-QUINTTERO C A,SRRAATSMA G,FRANCO-MOLANO A E.Macrofungal diversity in Colombian Amazon forests varies with regions and regimes of disturbance[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2012,21:2221-2243.
[11]沈泽昊,胡志伟,赵俊,等.安徽牯牛降的植物多样性垂直分布特征—兼论山顶效应的影响[J].山地学报,2007,25(2):160-168.SHEN Z H,HU Z W,ZHAO J,et al.Altitudinal patterns of plant diversity on Mt.Guniujiang,Anhui,China—with a discussion on the ecological impacts of hilltop condition[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2007,25(2):160-168.(in Chinese)
[12]戴启培,文萍芳.牯牛降国家级自然保护区野生观赏植物观赏价值评价体系构建[J].湖北民族学院学报:自然科学版,2014,32(1):27-33.DAI Q P,WEN P F.Evaluation of ornamental value of wild plants of Guniujiang national nature reserve[J].Journal of Hubei University for Nationalities:Natural Science Edition,2014,32(1):27-33.(in Chinese)
[13]柴新义,许雪峰,汪美英.皖琅琊山自然保护区大型真菌群落多样性[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1508-1515.CHAI X Y,XU X F,WANG M Y.Community diversity of macrofungi in Langyashan natural reserve,Anhui Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(6):1508-1515.(in Chinese)
[14]柴新义,张彬,汪美英,等.安徽琅琊山大型真菌资源初步调查[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(12):217-221.CHAI X Y,ZHANG B,WANG M Y,et al.Preliminary investigation of macrofungal resources in Langya mountain,Anhui Province[J].Journal of Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition,2007,35(12):217-221.(in Chinese)
[15]KIRK P M,CANON P F,MINTER D W,et al.Dictionary of the Fungi[M].10th ed.Wallingford,UK:CABI,2008:1-446.
[16]王薇,图力古尔.长白山地区大型真菌的区系组成及生态分布[J].吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(1):26-36.WANG W,TULIGUER.Diversity of mycobiota and ecological distribution of macrofungi in Changbai mountain[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2015,37(1):26-36.(in Chinese)
[17]TRUDELL S A,EDMONDS R L.Macrofungus communities correlate with moisture and nitrogen abundance in two oldgrowth conifer forests,Olympic national park,Washington,USA[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,2004,82(6):781-800.