“海绵城市”建设的关键科学问题与思考
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摘要
"海绵城市"是学术界、政府和企业界特别关注的热点之一,具有有效防止城市雨洪灾害、改善水生态和水环境、提高生物多样性等多方面的服务功能,有助于城市社会经济发展。在目前全国范围内发生城市内涝的严重情况下,科学地进行"海绵城市"建设显得尤为重要。对"海绵城市"的研究背景、概念与内涵、建设途径、主要技术、国内发展现状等进行了总结和归纳,并提出"海绵城市"建设的关键科学问题,并进行深入思考,建立"SPONGE"框架来概括整个"海绵城市"的建设内容,为今后的"海绵城市"研究和建设提供参考。
"Sponge City"has emerged as a hot scientific and governmental research topic given its ability to effectively control disasters resulting from urban storm water and flooding. "Sponge City"not only supplies groundwater and addresses water shortages but also improves urban water environments,biodiversity,and urban landscapes,all of which contribute to the development of an urban economy and society. Accordingly,"Sponge City"has become a principal force in the new generation of urban construction projects. The scientific construction of a "Sponge City"has become especially important in light of the recent urban flooding in the country. This paper summarizes the background,concept,and connotation of"Sponge City"construction,its relationship with ecological infrastructure,its construction route,and its main technology.We identified several key scientific issues and a construction perspective for"Sponge City"based on four aspects,including improving the ecosystem services of "Sponge City,"identifying valuation indicators and establishing a management system,and promoting awareness. This paper identified issues related to the construction of "Sponge City"and examines how its contents must be improved in the future. We also advanced the overall framework of "SPONGE,"which includes service,participation,organization,natural ecology,green infrastructure,and ecological pattern. The key contents and vital parts of a "Sponge City"are generalized from this framework,which is expected to provide important materials for further research on this topic.
"Sponge City"has emerged as a hot scientific and governmental research topic given its ability to effectively control disasters resulting from urban storm water and flooding. "Sponge City"not only supplies groundwater and addresses water shortages but also improves urban water environments,biodiversity,and urban landscapes,all of which contribute to the development of an urban economy and society. Accordingly,"Sponge City"has become a principal force in the new generation of urban construction projects. The scientific construction of a "Sponge City"has become especially important in light of the recent urban flooding in the country. This paper summarizes the background,concept,and connotation of"Sponge City"construction,its relationship with ecological infrastructure,its construction route,and its main technology.We identified several key scientific issues and a construction perspective for"Sponge City"based on four aspects,including improving the ecosystem services of "Sponge City,"identifying valuation indicators and establishing a management system,and promoting awareness. This paper identified issues related to the construction of "Sponge City"and examines how its contents must be improved in the future. We also advanced the overall framework of "SPONGE,"which includes service,participation,organization,natural ecology,green infrastructure,and ecological pattern. The key contents and vital parts of a "Sponge City"are generalized from this framework,which is expected to provide important materials for further research on this topic.
引文
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[11]陈华.关于推进海绵城市建设若干问题的探析.净水技术,2016,35(1):102-106.
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[13]彭翀,张晨,顾朝林.面向“海绵城市”建设的特大城市总体规划编制内容响应.南方建筑,2015(3):48-53.
[14]车伍,吕放放,李俊奇,李海燕,王建龙.发达国家典型雨洪管理体系及启示.中国给水排水,2009,25(20):12-17.
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[16]俞孔坚.美丽中国的水生态基础设施:理论与实践.鄱阳湖学刊,2015,(1):5-18.
[17]俞孔坚,张蕾.黄泛平原区适应性“水城”景观及其保护和建设途径.水利学报,2008,39(6):688-696.
[18]俞孔坚,韩西丽,朱强.解决城市生态环境问题的生态基础设施途径.自然资源学报,2007,22(5):808-816.
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[20]仇保兴.海绵城市(LID)的内涵、途径与展望.建设科技,2015,(1):11-18.
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[23]王岩松,张弛.《海绵城市建设国家建筑标准设计体系》解读.建设科技,2016,(3):53-54.
[24]翟宝辉.从“城市内涝”到“海绵城市”引发的生态学思考.生态学报,2016,36(16):4949-4951.
[25]俞孔坚,李迪华.城市景观之路——与市长们交流.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003:149-153.
[26]俞孔坚,张蕾.基于生态基础设施的禁建区及绿地系统——以山东菏泽为例.城市规划,2007,31(12):89-92.
[27]俞孔坚,张媛,刘云千.生态基础设施先行:武汉五里界生态城设计案例探析.规划师,2012,(10):26-29.
[28]俞孔坚.海绵城市的三大关键策略:消纳、减速与适应.南方建筑,2015,(3):4-7.
[29]MEA(Millenium Ecosystem Assessment).Ecosystems and Human Well-Being:Synthesis.Washington DC:Island Press,2005.
[30]王超,王沛芳.城市水生态系统建设与管理.北京:科学出版社,2004.
[31]张诚,曹加杰,王凌河,严登华,王刚,秦天玲.城市水生态系统服务功能与建设的若干思考.水利水电技术,2010,41(7):9-13.
[32]杨薇,杨志峰,孙涛.湿地生态需水量与配水研究进展.湿地科学,2008,6(4):531-535.
[33]江波,欧阳志云,苗鸿,郑华,白杨,庄长伟,方瑜.海河流域湿地生态系统服务功能价值评价.生态学报,2011,31(8):2236-2244.
[34]徐翀崎,李锋,韩宝龙.城市生态基础设施管理研究进展.生态学报,2016,36(11):3146-3155.
[35]谢映霞.中国的海绵城市建设:整体思路与政策建议.人民论坛·学术前沿,2016,(21):29-37.
[36]马世骏,王如松.社会-经济-自然复合生态系统.生态学报,1984,4(1):1-9.
[2]Costanza R,D'Arge R,De Groot R,Farber S,Grasso M,Hannon B,Limburg K,Naeem S,O'Neill R,Paruelo J,Raskin R G,Sutton P,Van den belt M.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[3]俞孔坚,李迪华,袁弘,傅微,乔青,王思思.“海绵城市”理论与实践.城市规划,2015,39(6):26-36.
[4]徐宁,戴启培.基于海绵城市的绿地建设方案设计研究——以试点海绵城市池州为例.居业,2015,(16):41-42.
[5]伍业钢.海绵城市设计:理念、技术、案例.南京:江苏凤凰科学技术出版社,2016.
[6]杨阳,林广思.海绵城市概念与思想.南方建筑,2015,(3):59-64.
[7]Budge T.Sponge cities and small towns:a new economic partnership//Rogers M F,Jones D R,eds.The Changing Nature of Australia's Country Town.Ballarat,Australia:Victorian Universities Regional Research Network Press,2006.
[8]Bunster-Ossa I F.Sponge city//Pickett S T A,Cadenasso M L,Mc Grath B,eds.Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design:Linking Theory and Practice for Sustainable Cities.Dordrecht:Springer,2013:301-306.
[9]俞孔坚,轰伟,李青,袁弘.“海绵城市”实践:北京雁栖湖生态发展示范区控规及景观规划.北京规划建设,2015,(1):26-31.
[10]住房城乡建设部.海绵城市建设技术指南-低影响开发雨水系统构建.北京:中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,2014.
[11]陈华.关于推进海绵城市建设若干问题的探析.净水技术,2016,35(1):102-106.
[12]Rijke J,Farrelly M,Brown R,Zevenbergen C.Configuring transformative governance to enhance resilient urban water systems.Environmental Science&Policy,2013,25:62-72.
[13]彭翀,张晨,顾朝林.面向“海绵城市”建设的特大城市总体规划编制内容响应.南方建筑,2015(3):48-53.
[14]车伍,吕放放,李俊奇,李海燕,王建龙.发达国家典型雨洪管理体系及启示.中国给水排水,2009,25(20):12-17.
[15]董哲仁,李文奇,孙东亚.河流生态修复.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013.
[16]俞孔坚.美丽中国的水生态基础设施:理论与实践.鄱阳湖学刊,2015,(1):5-18.
[17]俞孔坚,张蕾.黄泛平原区适应性“水城”景观及其保护和建设途径.水利学报,2008,39(6):688-696.
[18]俞孔坚,韩西丽,朱强.解决城市生态环境问题的生态基础设施途径.自然资源学报,2007,22(5):808-816.
[19]俞孔坚.海绵城市——理论与实践.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.
[20]仇保兴.海绵城市(LID)的内涵、途径与展望.建设科技,2015,(1):11-18.
[21]李锋,王如松,赵丹.基于生态系统服务的城市生态基础设施:现状、问题与展望.生态学报,2014,34(1):190-200.
[22]海绵城市网.www.calid.cn,http://www.calid.cn/2015/11/2924,http://www.calid.cn/2016/03/7592,http://www.calid.cn/2016/04/8965,http://www.calid.cn/2016/02/6886(accessed in June 17,2017)
[23]王岩松,张弛.《海绵城市建设国家建筑标准设计体系》解读.建设科技,2016,(3):53-54.
[24]翟宝辉.从“城市内涝”到“海绵城市”引发的生态学思考.生态学报,2016,36(16):4949-4951.
[25]俞孔坚,李迪华.城市景观之路——与市长们交流.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003:149-153.
[26]俞孔坚,张蕾.基于生态基础设施的禁建区及绿地系统——以山东菏泽为例.城市规划,2007,31(12):89-92.
[27]俞孔坚,张媛,刘云千.生态基础设施先行:武汉五里界生态城设计案例探析.规划师,2012,(10):26-29.
[28]俞孔坚.海绵城市的三大关键策略:消纳、减速与适应.南方建筑,2015,(3):4-7.
[29]MEA(Millenium Ecosystem Assessment).Ecosystems and Human Well-Being:Synthesis.Washington DC:Island Press,2005.
[30]王超,王沛芳.城市水生态系统建设与管理.北京:科学出版社,2004.
[31]张诚,曹加杰,王凌河,严登华,王刚,秦天玲.城市水生态系统服务功能与建设的若干思考.水利水电技术,2010,41(7):9-13.
[32]杨薇,杨志峰,孙涛.湿地生态需水量与配水研究进展.湿地科学,2008,6(4):531-535.
[33]江波,欧阳志云,苗鸿,郑华,白杨,庄长伟,方瑜.海河流域湿地生态系统服务功能价值评价.生态学报,2011,31(8):2236-2244.
[34]徐翀崎,李锋,韩宝龙.城市生态基础设施管理研究进展.生态学报,2016,36(11):3146-3155.
[35]谢映霞.中国的海绵城市建设:整体思路与政策建议.人民论坛·学术前沿,2016,(21):29-37.
[36]马世骏,王如松.社会-经济-自然复合生态系统.生态学报,1984,4(1):1-9.