青藏高原春夏季对流层温度异常特征
|
摘要
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,在揭示青藏高原对流层中上层(500~200hPa)温度变化特征的基础上,通过比较与同纬度地区对流层中上层温度的差异,从温度纬向偏差角度定义了一个高原热力指数(TDI),并分析了该指数在春夏季的多时间尺度变化特征。结果表明:1由春到夏,亚洲对流层中上层的暖中心经历了从西太平洋西进到大陆,并逐渐发展控制整个东亚地区,之后东退的过程。春季扰动温度暖中心由我国华南地区逐渐西移至高原南部,中心强度逐渐增大,夏季扰动中心稳定在青藏高原南部;2TDI的年变化曲线呈现出明显的单峰型特征,表明高原的热力作用从4月开始明显增强,并在7月达到最大,9月后又迅速减弱;3各月TDI的最高值、最低值和平均值均表现出夏季大冬季小的特征,夏季TDI变幅明显小于其他季节;4TDI具有明显的年际变化,但春(夏)季该指数存在一定(明显)的月际差异,且无明显的线性变化趋势。
By using the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed data,the differences of the mid-upper troposphere temperature in the areas of the same latitude are compared,based on the temperature variations in the midupper troposphere over the Tibetan Plateau(500to 200hPa).TDI(Tibetan middle-high level temperature zonal Deviation Index)is defined by the zonal temperature deviation.Moreover,the characteristics of multiple time scale variations of the index in spring and summer are also presented.Major conclusions are:(1)From spring to summer,the Asia mid-upper troposphere warm center moves westward from the west Pacific to the land and controls the whole East Asia gradually,and then retreats.The disturbance temperature warm center in spring moves westward from the southeast of China to the south of the Tibetan Plateau,and reinforces gradually,but it is stable in Southern Tibetan Plateau in summer.(2)The annual variation curve of TDI shows a single maximum obviously.The thermal effect increases gradually in April and reaches the maximum in July,then decreases rapidly after September.(3)The maximum,minimum and average value of TDI in all months are high in summer and low in winter.TDI in summer changes slightly.(4)The inter-annual change of TDI is obvious,but the index of spring(summer)has certain(obvious)monthly variation and there is no obvious linear trend.
By using the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed data,the differences of the mid-upper troposphere temperature in the areas of the same latitude are compared,based on the temperature variations in the midupper troposphere over the Tibetan Plateau(500to 200hPa).TDI(Tibetan middle-high level temperature zonal Deviation Index)is defined by the zonal temperature deviation.Moreover,the characteristics of multiple time scale variations of the index in spring and summer are also presented.Major conclusions are:(1)From spring to summer,the Asia mid-upper troposphere warm center moves westward from the west Pacific to the land and controls the whole East Asia gradually,and then retreats.The disturbance temperature warm center in spring moves westward from the southeast of China to the south of the Tibetan Plateau,and reinforces gradually,but it is stable in Southern Tibetan Plateau in summer.(2)The annual variation curve of TDI shows a single maximum obviously.The thermal effect increases gradually in April and reaches the maximum in July,then decreases rapidly after September.(3)The maximum,minimum and average value of TDI in all months are high in summer and low in winter.TDI in summer changes slightly.(4)The inter-annual change of TDI is obvious,but the index of spring(summer)has certain(obvious)monthly variation and there is no obvious linear trend.
引文
[1]叶笃正,高由禧.青藏高原气象学[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[2]Zhao Ping,Zhou Zijiang,Liu Jiping.Variability of tibetan spring snow and its associations with the hemispheric extratropical circulation and east Asian summer monsoon rainfall:An observational investigation[J].J Climate,2007,20:3942-3955.
[3]周秀骥,赵平,陈军明,等.青藏高原热力作用对北半球气候影响的研究[J].中国科学,2009,39(11):1473-1486.
[4]Nan S,Zhao P,Yang S,et al.Springtime tropospheric temperature over the Tibetan Plateau and evolutions of the tropical Pacific SST[J].J Geophys Res Atmospheres,2009,114(D10):895-896.
[5]李萍云,王亚非,李琰.青藏高原地形对5、6月北半球环流影响数值模拟[J].气象科技,2010,38(2):165-169.
[6]乔钰,周顺武,马悦,等.青藏高原的动力作用及其对我国天气气候的影响[J].气象科技,2014,42(6):1039-1046.
[7]Yanai M,Song Z.Seasonal heating of the Tibetan Plateau and its effects of the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon[J].Meteor Soc Japan,1992,70:189-221.
[8]Duan Anmin,Liu Yimin,Wu Guoxiong.Heating status of the Tibetan Plateau from April to June and rainfall and atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia in midsummer[J].Science in China,2005,48(2):250-257.
[9]Wang Ziqian,Duan Anmin,Wu Guoxiong.Time-lagged impact of spring sensible heat over the Tibetan Plateau on the summer rainfall anomaly in East China:case studies using the WRF model[J].Climate Dynamics,2014,42(11):2885-2898.
[10]沈丹,王磊.青藏高原土壤湿度对中国夏季降水与气温影响的敏感试验[J].气象科技,2015,43(6):1095-1103.
[11]钟珊珊.青藏高原大气热源结构特征及其对中国降水的影响[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2011.
[12]蒋艳蓉,何金海,温敏,等.冬、春季青藏高原东侧涡旋对特征及其对我国天气气候的影响[J].高原气象,2009,28(5):945-954.
[13]赵平,陈隆勋.35年来青藏高原大气热源气候特征及其与中国降水的关系[J].中国科学,2001,31(4):327-332.
[14]王群.春季青藏高原热源的气候特征及其异常与大气环流和我国气候关系的研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2006.
[15]赵平,陈军明,肖栋,等.夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动与大气环流和季风降水[J].气象学报,2008,66(5):71-729.
[16]何冬燕,邓学良,赵勇.初春青藏高原地表温度变化对长江中下游降水的影响[J].高原气象,2010,29(3):579-586.
[17]汤懋苍,尹建华,蔡洁萍.冬季地温分布与春夏季降水相关的统计分析[J].高原气象,1986,5(1):40-52.
[18]祁莉,何金海,张祖强,等.纬向海陆热力差异的季节转换与东亚副热带季风环流[J].科学通报,2007,52(24):2895-2899.
[19]Zhou Shunwu,Wu Ping,Wang Chuanhui,et al.Spatial distribution of atmospheric water vapor and its relationship with precipitation in summer over the Tibetan Plateau[J].J Geogr Sci,2012,22(5):795-809.
[20]Zhou T J,Zou L W.Understanding the predictability of East Asian summer monsoon from the reproduction of land-sea thermal contrast change in AMIP-type simulation[J].Climate,2010,23:6009-6026,doi:1011175/2010JCLI3546.1.
[21]郑庆林,梁丰.青藏高原动力和热力作用对季节转换期全球大气环流影响的数值研究[J].热带气象学报,1999,15(3):247-257.
[22]Dai A,Li H,Sun Y,et al.The relative roles of upper and lower tropospheric thermal contrasts and tropical influences in driving Asian summer monsoons[J].J Geophys Res Atmospheres,2013,118:7024-7045.
[23]Duan Anmin,Wang Meirong,Lei Yonghui,et al.Trends in summer rainfall over China associated with the Tibetan Plateau sensible heat source during 1980-2008[J].J Climate,2013,26:261-275.
[2]Zhao Ping,Zhou Zijiang,Liu Jiping.Variability of tibetan spring snow and its associations with the hemispheric extratropical circulation and east Asian summer monsoon rainfall:An observational investigation[J].J Climate,2007,20:3942-3955.
[3]周秀骥,赵平,陈军明,等.青藏高原热力作用对北半球气候影响的研究[J].中国科学,2009,39(11):1473-1486.
[4]Nan S,Zhao P,Yang S,et al.Springtime tropospheric temperature over the Tibetan Plateau and evolutions of the tropical Pacific SST[J].J Geophys Res Atmospheres,2009,114(D10):895-896.
[5]李萍云,王亚非,李琰.青藏高原地形对5、6月北半球环流影响数值模拟[J].气象科技,2010,38(2):165-169.
[6]乔钰,周顺武,马悦,等.青藏高原的动力作用及其对我国天气气候的影响[J].气象科技,2014,42(6):1039-1046.
[7]Yanai M,Song Z.Seasonal heating of the Tibetan Plateau and its effects of the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon[J].Meteor Soc Japan,1992,70:189-221.
[8]Duan Anmin,Liu Yimin,Wu Guoxiong.Heating status of the Tibetan Plateau from April to June and rainfall and atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia in midsummer[J].Science in China,2005,48(2):250-257.
[9]Wang Ziqian,Duan Anmin,Wu Guoxiong.Time-lagged impact of spring sensible heat over the Tibetan Plateau on the summer rainfall anomaly in East China:case studies using the WRF model[J].Climate Dynamics,2014,42(11):2885-2898.
[10]沈丹,王磊.青藏高原土壤湿度对中国夏季降水与气温影响的敏感试验[J].气象科技,2015,43(6):1095-1103.
[11]钟珊珊.青藏高原大气热源结构特征及其对中国降水的影响[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2011.
[12]蒋艳蓉,何金海,温敏,等.冬、春季青藏高原东侧涡旋对特征及其对我国天气气候的影响[J].高原气象,2009,28(5):945-954.
[13]赵平,陈隆勋.35年来青藏高原大气热源气候特征及其与中国降水的关系[J].中国科学,2001,31(4):327-332.
[14]王群.春季青藏高原热源的气候特征及其异常与大气环流和我国气候关系的研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2006.
[15]赵平,陈军明,肖栋,等.夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动与大气环流和季风降水[J].气象学报,2008,66(5):71-729.
[16]何冬燕,邓学良,赵勇.初春青藏高原地表温度变化对长江中下游降水的影响[J].高原气象,2010,29(3):579-586.
[17]汤懋苍,尹建华,蔡洁萍.冬季地温分布与春夏季降水相关的统计分析[J].高原气象,1986,5(1):40-52.
[18]祁莉,何金海,张祖强,等.纬向海陆热力差异的季节转换与东亚副热带季风环流[J].科学通报,2007,52(24):2895-2899.
[19]Zhou Shunwu,Wu Ping,Wang Chuanhui,et al.Spatial distribution of atmospheric water vapor and its relationship with precipitation in summer over the Tibetan Plateau[J].J Geogr Sci,2012,22(5):795-809.
[20]Zhou T J,Zou L W.Understanding the predictability of East Asian summer monsoon from the reproduction of land-sea thermal contrast change in AMIP-type simulation[J].Climate,2010,23:6009-6026,doi:1011175/2010JCLI3546.1.
[21]郑庆林,梁丰.青藏高原动力和热力作用对季节转换期全球大气环流影响的数值研究[J].热带气象学报,1999,15(3):247-257.
[22]Dai A,Li H,Sun Y,et al.The relative roles of upper and lower tropospheric thermal contrasts and tropical influences in driving Asian summer monsoons[J].J Geophys Res Atmospheres,2013,118:7024-7045.
[23]Duan Anmin,Wang Meirong,Lei Yonghui,et al.Trends in summer rainfall over China associated with the Tibetan Plateau sensible heat source during 1980-2008[J].J Climate,2013,26:261-275.