高温处理对采收期滑皮金桔叶片柑橘红蜘蛛虫口数量的影响
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摘要
融安滑皮金桔成熟期覆膜留树保鲜条件下易受柑橘红蜘蛛危害,为防治金桔果实成熟期柑橘红蜘蛛危害,对覆膜增温电热器辅助加温方式设置了34,38,42℃三个处理温度,每天处理4h,分别处理1,3,5d,并在处理后第5、第10和第15天调查每10片叶的虫口数量,探讨覆膜环境下,不同处理温度和时间对柑橘红蜘蛛(Panonychus citri McGregor)虫口数量的影响。结果表明:在34℃温度下,连续处理5d时,在第15天能降低虫口数量达80%以上;在38和42℃条件下,只需处理1d,在处理后第10天,均能降低虫口数量达90%以上,且虫口数量降低率随着连续处理天数延长而增加。覆膜增温至34℃以上并维持一定时间就能显著降低滑皮金桔成熟期柑橘红蜘蛛数量,减轻柑橘红蜘蛛对融安滑皮金桔的危害,提高果实的外观品质。
Under the retain freshness technology of tree coating thin film,the smooth leather kumquat from Ronan is very easy to be damaged by the Panonychus citri McGregor during harvest period.In order to control Panonychus citri McGregor in the mature period of kumquat fruit,the influence of temperature and time on the insect density of Panonychus citri McGregor were studied in this paper,and the following experiments were carried out under the technology of the tree coating thin film.The room temperature was kept in 34 ℃,38 ℃and 42℃respectively,4 hours per day.The treatment time is 1 d,3 dand 5 drespectively.The insect density on every leaf was determined at 5 d,10 dand 15 drespectively.The results showed that the insect density was decreased to above 80%at 15 dunder the condition of 34℃and treatment time of 5 d.The insect density could be decreased to above 90% at 10 dunder the condition of 38 ℃ or 42 ℃ and treatment time of 1 d.Furthermore,the reduction rate of insect density was increased with the increase of treatment time.In a word,when the temperature is above 34℃and kept for some time,the density of Panonychus citri McGregor is decreased obviously during harvest period of smooth leather kumquat.The damaged of smooth leather kumquat from Rongan by Panonychus citri McGregor was decreased and the surface quality of fruit was improved.
Under the retain freshness technology of tree coating thin film,the smooth leather kumquat from Ronan is very easy to be damaged by the Panonychus citri McGregor during harvest period.In order to control Panonychus citri McGregor in the mature period of kumquat fruit,the influence of temperature and time on the insect density of Panonychus citri McGregor were studied in this paper,and the following experiments were carried out under the technology of the tree coating thin film.The room temperature was kept in 34 ℃,38 ℃and 42℃respectively,4 hours per day.The treatment time is 1 d,3 dand 5 drespectively.The insect density on every leaf was determined at 5 d,10 dand 15 drespectively.The results showed that the insect density was decreased to above 80%at 15 dunder the condition of 34℃and treatment time of 5 d.The insect density could be decreased to above 90% at 10 dunder the condition of 38 ℃ or 42 ℃ and treatment time of 1 d.Furthermore,the reduction rate of insect density was increased with the increase of treatment time.In a word,when the temperature is above 34℃and kept for some time,the density of Panonychus citri McGregor is decreased obviously during harvest period of smooth leather kumquat.The damaged of smooth leather kumquat from Rongan by Panonychus citri McGregor was decreased and the surface quality of fruit was improved.
引文
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[12]岳碧松,雷慧德,黄良炉.温度对桔全爪蜻生长发育的影响研究[J].植物保护,1992,18(3):6-7.
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[15]赵云龙,李敦松,张敏,等.温度对胡瓜新小绥螨生殖力及钠钾泵α亚基基因表达的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(5):562-568.
[16]莫亿伟,张付康,杨国,等.1-MCP和壳聚糖复合处理提高嵊州桃形李采后保鲜效果[J].果树学报,2017,34(7):75-83.
[17]Liang Guobin,Wang Hai,Zhang Yaohong,et al.Improving preservation effects of Taiwan jujube fruits by using chitosan coating combined with ascorbic acid during postharvest period[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(17):304-312.
[18]平新亮,李保同,林媚,等.六种植物提取物对柑橘红蜘蛛的毒杀活性[J].浙江农业科学,2011(5):1126-1127.
[19]张权炳.0.26%苦参碱水剂防治柑桔红蜘蛛和蚜虫试验[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(1):37-41.
[2]夏长秀,舒静,彭龙,等.福帅得防治柑桔红蜘蛛初探[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(5):43-44.
[3]张绍勇,杨波,陈振,等.大环内酯类新化合物天维菌素杀螨活性及田间防治效果[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(22):318-323.
[4]熊忠华,陈小俊,熊件妹.1%阿维·鱼藤新型乳油防治柑橘红蜘蛛田间药效试验[J].江西植保,2011,34(4):160-164.
[5]黄惠贤.24%螨危SC防治柑橘红蜘蛛田问药效试验[J].上海农业科技,2011(5):140-141.
[6]龙友华.6.8%阿维菌素·噻螨酮乳油对柑橘红蜘蛛毒力测定及田问药效试验[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(11):147-149.
[7]汪学富.柑桔红蜘蛛生物学特性及防治对策[J].陕西林业科技,2009(3):86-87,90.
[8]李震,洪添胜,倪慧娜,等.用高光谱成像技术检测柑橘红蜘蛛为害叶片的色素含量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):124-130.
[9]卢运胜,黄美玲,门友均,等.柑桔红蜘蛛生活史及发生期预测方法研究[J].广西柑桔,1993(1):6-9.
[10]何林,薛传华,赵志模,等.朱砂叶螨抗性品系不同温度下的相对适合度[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2449-2454.
[11]黄建华.温度对柑橘红蜘蛛Panonychus citri(McCregor)生长发育、繁殖和寿命影响的研究[J].武夷科学,1994(12):27-34.
[12]岳碧松,雷慧德,黄良炉.温度对桔全爪蜻生长发育的影响研究[J].植物保护,1992,18(3):6-7.
[13]刘细群,郑基焕,曹红梅.温度对沙糖桔红蜘蛛生长发育的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013(15):99-106.
[14]孙月华,郅军锐,张玉波,等.温度对伪钝绥螨实验种群的影响[J].植物保护,2010,36(6):50-52.
[15]赵云龙,李敦松,张敏,等.温度对胡瓜新小绥螨生殖力及钠钾泵α亚基基因表达的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(5):562-568.
[16]莫亿伟,张付康,杨国,等.1-MCP和壳聚糖复合处理提高嵊州桃形李采后保鲜效果[J].果树学报,2017,34(7):75-83.
[17]Liang Guobin,Wang Hai,Zhang Yaohong,et al.Improving preservation effects of Taiwan jujube fruits by using chitosan coating combined with ascorbic acid during postharvest period[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(17):304-312.
[18]平新亮,李保同,林媚,等.六种植物提取物对柑橘红蜘蛛的毒杀活性[J].浙江农业科学,2011(5):1126-1127.
[19]张权炳.0.26%苦参碱水剂防治柑桔红蜘蛛和蚜虫试验[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(1):37-41.