航空活塞二冲程汽油机排气口高度优化研究
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摘要
针对作为无人机动力的某可变排气二冲程发动机在去掉可变排气系统后对发动机性能的影响,利用Fire仿真软件建立了发动机的缸内工作过程仿真模型,通过仿真和试验的方法研究了去掉可变排气系统后的发动机特性,结果表明:去掉可变排气系统后在2000r/min、10%节气门开度和5500r/min、50%节气门开度条件下,发动机的扫气效率降低,输出功率下降。在此基础上,利用仿真研究的方法对排气口高度参数进行了优化研究。去掉可变系统后排气口高度最优值为36.3mm时可以在保证常用无人机飞行转速范围内,各工况下扫气效率较高,发动机指示功损失最小,输出功率可以满足无人机动力需求。
In order to study the influence on engine performance by a variable-exhaust two-stroke engine as the unmanned aircraft power with removal of the variable exhaust system,the simulation of the cylinder's working process in the engine was established using Fire simulation software.In the model,the characteristics of the engine after removing the variable exhaust system were studied through simulation and test.The results showed that after removing the variable exhaust system under the condition of 2000 r/min,10%throttle opening and 5 500 r/min,50% throttle opening,the scavenging efficiency of the engine and the output power were reduced.On this basis,using the simulation study method to optimize the exhaust outlet height parameters,the results showed that:after removing the variable system,the optimal value of the exhaust outlet height was 36.3 mm,which can guarantee the common drone flight speed range.The scavenging efficiency is high under all operating conditions.The loss of engine indicator power is minimal,and the output power can satisfy the drone power demand.
In order to study the influence on engine performance by a variable-exhaust two-stroke engine as the unmanned aircraft power with removal of the variable exhaust system,the simulation of the cylinder's working process in the engine was established using Fire simulation software.In the model,the characteristics of the engine after removing the variable exhaust system were studied through simulation and test.The results showed that after removing the variable exhaust system under the condition of 2000 r/min,10%throttle opening and 5 500 r/min,50% throttle opening,the scavenging efficiency of the engine and the output power were reduced.On this basis,using the simulation study method to optimize the exhaust outlet height parameters,the results showed that:after removing the variable system,the optimal value of the exhaust outlet height was 36.3 mm,which can guarantee the common drone flight speed range.The scavenging efficiency is high under all operating conditions.The loss of engine indicator power is minimal,and the output power can satisfy the drone power demand.
引文
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[16]蔡娟.某小型航空煤油活塞发动机总体性能分析及优化[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2015.CAI Juan.Analysis andoptimization on the overall performance of small aviation kerosene piston engine[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015.(in Chinese)
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[18] BLAIR G P,KENNY R G,SMYTH J G,et al.An experimental comparison of loop and cross scavenging of the two-stroke cycle engine[R].Washington:Slurry Transport Association,1986.
[19]林海英,龙向阳.某型增压航空活塞发动机仿真研究[J].航空动力学报,2009,24(6):1332-1338.LIN Haiying,LONG Xiangyang.Simulation research on a type of turbocharged piston engine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(6):1332-1338.(in Chinese)
[20]朱成,杨海青,汪明生.基于CFD分析的二冲程发动机直喷燃烧室方案设[J].航空动力学报,2013,28(12):2737-2745.ZHU Cheng,YANG Haiqing,WANG Mingsheng.Design of combustion chamber program of two-stroke ditrect injection spark ignition engine based on the CFD[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2013,28(12):2737-2745.(in Chinese)
[21] CUNNINGHAM G,KEE R J,BOYALL J.CFD prediction of crankcase flow regimes in a crankcase scavenged twostroke engine[R].Boston:International Congress and Exposition,1997.
[22]陈林林,魏民祥,杨海青.航空二冲程汽油发动机均值模型的试验与仿真[J].航空动力学报,2008,23(12):2249-2255.CHEN Linlin,WEI Minxiang,YANG Haiqing.Experment and simulation of the mean value model on two-stroke gasonline aero-engine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2008,23(12):2249-2255.(in Chinese)
[23]杜涛.CFD模拟分析在二冲程汽油机性能改进中的应用探讨[J].内燃机与动力装置,2010(3):30-32,36.DU Tao.CFD simulation analysis on two-stroke gasoline engine improvement[J].Internal Combustion Engine and Powerplant,2010(3):30-32,36.(in Chinese)
[24]王广基,郭晨海,姜树李,等.二冲程汽油机扫气过程的CFD模拟计算与试验[J].小型内燃机与车辆技术,2008,37(2):29-32.WANG Guangji,GUO Chenhai,JIANG Shuli,et al.Simulation by CFD and experimentation for a loop-scavenged two-stroke engine[J].Small Nternal Combustion Engine and Motorcycle,2008,37(2):29-32.(in Chinese)
[2]陈黎.军用无人机技术的发展现状及未来趋势[J].航空科学技术,2013,11(2):11-14.CHEN Li.Development and trend of military UAV technology[J].Aeronautical Science Fund,2013,11(2):11-14.(in Chinese)
[3]王兴海,马震,郑勇.无人机用小型航空活塞发动机的发展[R].西安:2006中国无人机大会,2006:523-527.
[4]来海菊.小型二冲程汽油机扫气过程的模拟与改进[D].江苏镇江:江苏大学,2007.LAI Haiju.Simulation andimprovement of scavenging process of small two-stroke gasoline engine[D].Zhenjiang Jiangsu:Jiangsu University,2007.(in Chinese)
[5]贾倩倩.小型航空二冲程直喷汽油活塞发动机燃油喷射及燃烧特性的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.JIA Qianqian.Study on thefule injection and combustion property of light-wight,two-stroke,GDI aeroengine[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese)
[6]本森R S,徐礼云.二冲程回流和横流扫气发动机换气过程的新型气体动力模型[J].国外舰船技术(内燃机类),1979,10(8):23-39.
[7]丁秋明,苏小平,缪小冬,等.某二冲程汽油机气口关键参数的优化[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(1):210-214.DING Qiuming,SU Xiaoping,MIAO Xiaodong,et al.Optimization of the key parameters of a two-stroke gasoline engine air intakes[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2015,36(1):210-214.(in Chinese)
[8]李清砺,唐立春,李帅.排气和扫气相位对小型二冲程汽油机排放等性能的影响[J].内燃机与配件,2015,18(6):1-4.LI Qingli,TANG Lichun,LI Shuai.Effects of exhaust opening time and transfer opening time to small two-stroke gasoline engine emissions and other parameters[J].Internal Combustion Engine and Accessories,2015,18(6):1-4.(in Chinese)
[9]杨立青,张兆亮,秦静.小型二冲程汽油机短路损失的数值可视化模拟[J].内燃机与配件,2016,10(10):8-13.YANG Liqing,ZHANG Zhaoliang,QIN Jing.Numericalvisualization of air short-circuiting in a small two-stroke SI engine[J].Internal Combustion Engine and Accessories,2016,10(10):8-13.(in Chinese)
[10]陆军,沈辉,涂强,等.二冲程汽油机扫气过程的CFD数值模拟与试验研究[J].农业装备技术,2017,43(1):18-22.LU Jun,SHEN Hui,TU Qiang.CFD numerical simulation and experimental study on gas purge process of two-stroke gasoline enginep[J].Agricultural Equipment Technology,2017,43(1):18-22.(in Chinese)
[11]陈欠根,张祥剑,潘钟键,等.二冲程柴油航空发动机混和扫气数值仿真[J].科技导报,2014,32(22):23-28.CHEN Qiangen,ZHANG Xiangjian,PAN ZHongjian.Numerical simulation of mixed scavenging methods for twostroke diesel aero engines[J].Technology Review,2014,32(22):23-28.(in Chinese)
[12] MUGELE M,TRIBULOWSKI J,PETERS H,et al.Numerical analysis of gas exchange and combustion process in a small two-stroke gasoline engine[J].Cardiology,2001,115(4):274-274.
[13]曹源,金先龙,孟光.航空发动机系统级仿真研究的回顾与展望[J].航空动力学报,2004,19(4):562-571.CAO Yuan,JIN Xianlong,MENG Guang.Retrospect and prospect of aeroengine system level simulation research[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2004,19(4):562-571.(in Chinese)
[14]蔡晓林.FAI二冲程缸内直喷汽油机的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2005.CAI Xiaolin.Study on FAI injection two-stroke DISI engine[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2005.(in Chinese)
[15]胡春明,郝蒙蒙.无人机活塞式发动机进排气系统优化[J].航空动力学报,2018,33(4):1009-1016.HU Chunming,HAO Mengmeng.Optimization of intake and exhaust systems for unmanned piston engines[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2018,33(4):1009-1016.(in Chinese)
[16]蔡娟.某小型航空煤油活塞发动机总体性能分析及优化[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2015.CAI Juan.Analysis andoptimization on the overall performance of small aviation kerosene piston engine[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015.(in Chinese)
[17]蒋炎坤,钟毅芳,罗马吉,等.二冲程发动机扫排气道-缸内系统三维瞬态数值模拟研究[J].内燃机学报,2001,19(2):159-164.JIANG Yankun,ZHONG Yifang,LUO Maji,et al.Threedimensional transient numerical simulation in the scavening syatem and the cylinder for two-stroke engine[J].Transactions of CSICE,2001,19(2):159-164.(in Chinese)
[18] BLAIR G P,KENNY R G,SMYTH J G,et al.An experimental comparison of loop and cross scavenging of the two-stroke cycle engine[R].Washington:Slurry Transport Association,1986.
[19]林海英,龙向阳.某型增压航空活塞发动机仿真研究[J].航空动力学报,2009,24(6):1332-1338.LIN Haiying,LONG Xiangyang.Simulation research on a type of turbocharged piston engine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(6):1332-1338.(in Chinese)
[20]朱成,杨海青,汪明生.基于CFD分析的二冲程发动机直喷燃烧室方案设[J].航空动力学报,2013,28(12):2737-2745.ZHU Cheng,YANG Haiqing,WANG Mingsheng.Design of combustion chamber program of two-stroke ditrect injection spark ignition engine based on the CFD[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2013,28(12):2737-2745.(in Chinese)
[21] CUNNINGHAM G,KEE R J,BOYALL J.CFD prediction of crankcase flow regimes in a crankcase scavenged twostroke engine[R].Boston:International Congress and Exposition,1997.
[22]陈林林,魏民祥,杨海青.航空二冲程汽油发动机均值模型的试验与仿真[J].航空动力学报,2008,23(12):2249-2255.CHEN Linlin,WEI Minxiang,YANG Haiqing.Experment and simulation of the mean value model on two-stroke gasonline aero-engine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2008,23(12):2249-2255.(in Chinese)
[23]杜涛.CFD模拟分析在二冲程汽油机性能改进中的应用探讨[J].内燃机与动力装置,2010(3):30-32,36.DU Tao.CFD simulation analysis on two-stroke gasoline engine improvement[J].Internal Combustion Engine and Powerplant,2010(3):30-32,36.(in Chinese)
[24]王广基,郭晨海,姜树李,等.二冲程汽油机扫气过程的CFD模拟计算与试验[J].小型内燃机与车辆技术,2008,37(2):29-32.WANG Guangji,GUO Chenhai,JIANG Shuli,et al.Simulation by CFD and experimentation for a loop-scavenged two-stroke engine[J].Small Nternal Combustion Engine and Motorcycle,2008,37(2):29-32.(in Chinese)