鲍壳体附着物去除切削工具选择及工艺参数优化
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摘要
为去除鲍壳体上石灰虫遗管、藤壶与寄生褶牡蛎等附着物,分别采用手持电磨(铣削)、多功能修边机(锯割)与砂轮机(切磨)等不同切削方式的电动工具进行鲍壳附着物去除试验。对比各组的去除效率与存活率,分析不同切削方式去除附着物后鲍感官品质的差异,选出合适工具。在此基础上,先后配置不同刀具(6 mm柱形圆头、6 mm锥形圆头与6 mm锥形尖头旋转锉)与设置不同转速(17 000、20 000、23 000、26 000与30 000 r/min)对工具参数进行单因素优化试验。结果表明:采用铣削方式的手持电磨去除附着物工作性能稳定,不易损伤鲍壳,存活率高;电磨配置6 mm锥形圆头旋转锉,可去除鲍壳沟槽内附着物;电磨设定转速为20 000 r/min,综合去除速率达72.69头/min,鲍加工后存活率达98.87%,加工后鲍感官品质(壳体完整度、附着物残留与鲍活力)评分分别为9.85、9.72与9.81。研究结果可为鲍壳体附着物去除技术的应用提供参考。
Abalone is a main commercial shellfish in China.Fouling organisms such as Hydroides,Balanus and Ostrea plicatula are harmful for shellfish cultivation.It's common to see lots of fouling organisms adhering on abalone shellfish in Fujian cultivation areas.Fouling organisms will increase the burden and make activities and feeding of abalone hard.The breathing holes are blocked by fouling organisms,which is another danger and may cause abalone suffocation.In this study removal technology was researched to keep the growth of abalone well.We know electric machines such as milling machine,electric motor saw and grinding machine have a certain value in use and the method could be used on removing fouling organisms.In order to verify the optimal machine and improve the removal process,the research focused on the impacts of removal method by machine and its parameters.Survival rate was one of the most important indices for the evaluation of removal processing,and removal speed was the other.The quality of removed shellfish of abalone needed to be judged by sensory evaluation.The comprehensive point was based on shellfish integrity,fouling organisms remained and abalone vitality.Hand held milling machine,electric motor saw and grinding machine were tested separately to remove the fouling organisms.The effects of different machines on removal speed and survival rate were compared,and the effects of different machines on sensory evaluation standard of abalone were analyzed simultaneously to select the optimal machine on removal.Then,the selected machine was tested to make follow-up testing.Different rotary files with the diameter of 6 mm(cylindrical round head,conical round head and conical tip) and different rotating speeds(17 000,20 000,23 000,26 000 and 30 000 r/min) were tested respectively to get the optimal parameters.The results indicated that the optimal machine is hand held milling machine because it could provide stable performance of removal and keep a high survival rate.Although the fouling organisms were removed quickly and thoroughly by grinding machine,the survival rate of abalone was declined significantly after removing.The removal speeds of electric motor saw and hand held milling machine were very close.The score of fouling organisms remained increased significantly because the fouling organisms in the shellfish ditch were removed completely by milling machine with conical round head file.When the milling machine rotating speed was at 20 000-30 000 r/min,the removal speed increased significantly.The temperature of abalone was on the rise when the rotating speed was higher than 23 000 r/min,but the abalone vitality declined quickly with the increasing of the temperature of abalone.Through the test of using the optimal machine to remove fouling organisms,the optimal combination of the parameters above was obtained,which are using hand held milling machine with 6 mm diameter conical round head file,and its rotating speed is 20 000 r/min.Under this condition,the removal speed is 72.69 fouling organisms per minute,the survival rate is 98.87%,and the score of shellfish integrity,fouling organisms remained and abalone vitality is respectively 9.85,9.72 and 9.81.The study provides reference for application of removal technology of fouling organisms on abalone shellfish.
Abalone is a main commercial shellfish in China.Fouling organisms such as Hydroides,Balanus and Ostrea plicatula are harmful for shellfish cultivation.It's common to see lots of fouling organisms adhering on abalone shellfish in Fujian cultivation areas.Fouling organisms will increase the burden and make activities and feeding of abalone hard.The breathing holes are blocked by fouling organisms,which is another danger and may cause abalone suffocation.In this study removal technology was researched to keep the growth of abalone well.We know electric machines such as milling machine,electric motor saw and grinding machine have a certain value in use and the method could be used on removing fouling organisms.In order to verify the optimal machine and improve the removal process,the research focused on the impacts of removal method by machine and its parameters.Survival rate was one of the most important indices for the evaluation of removal processing,and removal speed was the other.The quality of removed shellfish of abalone needed to be judged by sensory evaluation.The comprehensive point was based on shellfish integrity,fouling organisms remained and abalone vitality.Hand held milling machine,electric motor saw and grinding machine were tested separately to remove the fouling organisms.The effects of different machines on removal speed and survival rate were compared,and the effects of different machines on sensory evaluation standard of abalone were analyzed simultaneously to select the optimal machine on removal.Then,the selected machine was tested to make follow-up testing.Different rotary files with the diameter of 6 mm(cylindrical round head,conical round head and conical tip) and different rotating speeds(17 000,20 000,23 000,26 000 and 30 000 r/min) were tested respectively to get the optimal parameters.The results indicated that the optimal machine is hand held milling machine because it could provide stable performance of removal and keep a high survival rate.Although the fouling organisms were removed quickly and thoroughly by grinding machine,the survival rate of abalone was declined significantly after removing.The removal speeds of electric motor saw and hand held milling machine were very close.The score of fouling organisms remained increased significantly because the fouling organisms in the shellfish ditch were removed completely by milling machine with conical round head file.When the milling machine rotating speed was at 20 000-30 000 r/min,the removal speed increased significantly.The temperature of abalone was on the rise when the rotating speed was higher than 23 000 r/min,but the abalone vitality declined quickly with the increasing of the temperature of abalone.Through the test of using the optimal machine to remove fouling organisms,the optimal combination of the parameters above was obtained,which are using hand held milling machine with 6 mm diameter conical round head file,and its rotating speed is 20 000 r/min.Under this condition,the removal speed is 72.69 fouling organisms per minute,the survival rate is 98.87%,and the score of shellfish integrity,fouling organisms remained and abalone vitality is respectively 9.85,9.72 and 9.81.The study provides reference for application of removal technology of fouling organisms on abalone shellfish.
引文
[1]李太武.鲍的生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.1-2
[2]高绪生.鲍鱼[M].辽宁:辽宁科学技术出版社,2000.3
[3]农业部渔业局.2016中国渔业年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:250,275.
[4]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.2015.FAO Yearbook 2015:Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations:111.
[5]柯才焕.我国鲍鱼养殖产业现状与展望.[J].中国水产,2013(1):27-30.
[6]Maguire,Julie.The battle of biofouling:Implications for the aquaculture industry[J].Journal of Ocean Technology,2014,9(4):12-14
[7]Fitridge I,Dempster.The impact and control of biofouling in marine aquaculture:A review.[J].Biofouling,2012,28(7):649-669
[8]蒋增杰,方建光.附着生物对贝类养殖的影响及其防除[J].南方水产,2005,2(3):65-68.Jiang Zengjie,Fang Jianguang.Effects of fouling organisms on shellfish cultivation and its prevention[J].South China Fisheries Science,2005,2(3):65-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]魏家祺.利用荔枝螺防治牡蛎在鲍鱼贝壳上定居技术研究[J].生物科学,2016,1(6):196-197
[10]李太武,孙秀榕,迟庆宏,等.养殖贝类附着敌害生物的初步研究[J].水产科学,2001,20(6):12-14Li Taiwu,Su Xiurong,Chin Qinghong,et al.Preliminary study of marine harmful fouling organisms and control in cultivation of shellfish[J].Fisheries Science,2001,20(6):12-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]郑东强,黄宗国.大亚湾海水养殖箱、网笼上附着的污损生物[J].水产学报,1990,14(1):15-24Zheng Dongqiang,Huang Zongguo.Fouling organisms on mariculture cages in Daya Bay,China[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1990,14(1):15-24.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]高振华.鲍鱼海上筏式筒养技术[J].水产养殖,2015,36(12):44-45.
[13]胡耿,刘德斌,王家伟.我国鲍鱼养殖现状及高温期养殖管理措施[J].中国水产,2015(5):76-77.
[14]韩荣,裘建军,王辉.金属切削原理与刀具[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2013.
[15]SC/T2004-2014皱纹盘鲍亲鲍和苗种[S].
[16]夏福祖.筏式养殖鲍鱼中常见的敌害生物.[J].水产科学,1992(6):23-24.
[17]盖春蕾,叶海斌,许拉,等.鲍鱼常见病害初诊速查检索表[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(1):177-180.Gai Chunlei,Ye Haibin,Xu La,et al.A new quick retrieval table for diagnosing common disease in abalone[J].Progress Fishery Sciences,2013,34(1):177-180.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]童保福.石灰虫石灰质栖管形成的研究[J].海洋科学,1983,7(6):36-39.Tong Baofu.The formation of the calcareous habitat tube by hydroides ezoensis okuda[J].Ocean Sciences,1983,7(6):36-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]房冰.藤壶的黏附机制.[J].新发现,2014,(10):24-25.
[20]张欣康,刘兴平,曾玲,等.藤壶附着:从基底探测到胶的固化[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2017,44(3):204-214Zhang Xinkang,Liu Xingping,Zeng Ling,et al.Barnacle adhesion:From substrate detection to cement curing[J].Prog.Biochem Biophys,2017,44(3):204-214(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]袁成玉,王鉴,董婧,等.止锚湾海域筏式养殖海湾扇贝防止褶牡蛎附着试验.[J].水产科学,1997(6):16-19.
[22]方笑,张福崇,陈力,等.海湾扇贝养殖中预防太平洋牡蛎危害技术研究[J].河北渔业,2010(6):8-10.
[23]陈静,黄根哲.鲍鱼壳/香螺壳的结构及力学性能[J].机械工程师,2016,7(3):39-41
[24]马云海,林福东,闫志峰,等.环文蛤贝壳微观形貌及摩擦学行为特性[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):298-304.Ma Yunhai,Lin Fudong,Yan Zhifeng,et al.Micro morphology and properties of tribological action for shell in Cyclina sinensis[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(18):298-304.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]GB/T 9217.10-2005硬质合金旋转锉[S].
[26]杨建中,宋卿,李涛,等.分区型旋转锉加工算法研究与实现.[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,(5):6-11Yang Jianzhong,Song Qing,Li Tao,et al.Processing algorithms research and implementation for partition-type rotary burrs[J].Huazhong Univ.of Sci.&Tech(Natural Science Edition),2014,(5):6-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]古新,刘胜新.五金工具手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015.945
[28]毕远溥,蒋双,刘海映,等.温度、体重对皱纹盘鲍耗氧量和排氨量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(5):444-446.Bi Yuanpu,Jiang Shuang,Liu Haiyin,et al.Effect of temperature and weight on oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of haliotis discus hannai[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2000,6(5):444-446.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]贾艳丽,王江勇,刘广锋,等.高温胁迫对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长和成活的影响[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(2):96-100.Jia Yanli,Wang Jiangyong,Liu Guangfeng,et al.Effect of high temperature stress on growth and survival of juvenile haliotis discus hannai Ino.[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(2):96-100.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]姜娓娓,方建光,李加琦,等.温度胁迫对皱纹盘鲍生理和生化活动的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):220-230.Jiang Weiwei,Fang Jianguang,Li Jiaqi,et al.Effects of temperature change on physiological and biochemical activities of haliotis discus hannai Ino[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(2):220-230.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]高绪生.鲍鱼[M].辽宁:辽宁科学技术出版社,2000.3
[3]农业部渔业局.2016中国渔业年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:250,275.
[4]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.2015.FAO Yearbook 2015:Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations:111.
[5]柯才焕.我国鲍鱼养殖产业现状与展望.[J].中国水产,2013(1):27-30.
[6]Maguire,Julie.The battle of biofouling:Implications for the aquaculture industry[J].Journal of Ocean Technology,2014,9(4):12-14
[7]Fitridge I,Dempster.The impact and control of biofouling in marine aquaculture:A review.[J].Biofouling,2012,28(7):649-669
[8]蒋增杰,方建光.附着生物对贝类养殖的影响及其防除[J].南方水产,2005,2(3):65-68.Jiang Zengjie,Fang Jianguang.Effects of fouling organisms on shellfish cultivation and its prevention[J].South China Fisheries Science,2005,2(3):65-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]魏家祺.利用荔枝螺防治牡蛎在鲍鱼贝壳上定居技术研究[J].生物科学,2016,1(6):196-197
[10]李太武,孙秀榕,迟庆宏,等.养殖贝类附着敌害生物的初步研究[J].水产科学,2001,20(6):12-14Li Taiwu,Su Xiurong,Chin Qinghong,et al.Preliminary study of marine harmful fouling organisms and control in cultivation of shellfish[J].Fisheries Science,2001,20(6):12-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]郑东强,黄宗国.大亚湾海水养殖箱、网笼上附着的污损生物[J].水产学报,1990,14(1):15-24Zheng Dongqiang,Huang Zongguo.Fouling organisms on mariculture cages in Daya Bay,China[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1990,14(1):15-24.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]高振华.鲍鱼海上筏式筒养技术[J].水产养殖,2015,36(12):44-45.
[13]胡耿,刘德斌,王家伟.我国鲍鱼养殖现状及高温期养殖管理措施[J].中国水产,2015(5):76-77.
[14]韩荣,裘建军,王辉.金属切削原理与刀具[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2013.
[15]SC/T2004-2014皱纹盘鲍亲鲍和苗种[S].
[16]夏福祖.筏式养殖鲍鱼中常见的敌害生物.[J].水产科学,1992(6):23-24.
[17]盖春蕾,叶海斌,许拉,等.鲍鱼常见病害初诊速查检索表[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(1):177-180.Gai Chunlei,Ye Haibin,Xu La,et al.A new quick retrieval table for diagnosing common disease in abalone[J].Progress Fishery Sciences,2013,34(1):177-180.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]童保福.石灰虫石灰质栖管形成的研究[J].海洋科学,1983,7(6):36-39.Tong Baofu.The formation of the calcareous habitat tube by hydroides ezoensis okuda[J].Ocean Sciences,1983,7(6):36-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]房冰.藤壶的黏附机制.[J].新发现,2014,(10):24-25.
[20]张欣康,刘兴平,曾玲,等.藤壶附着:从基底探测到胶的固化[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2017,44(3):204-214Zhang Xinkang,Liu Xingping,Zeng Ling,et al.Barnacle adhesion:From substrate detection to cement curing[J].Prog.Biochem Biophys,2017,44(3):204-214(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]袁成玉,王鉴,董婧,等.止锚湾海域筏式养殖海湾扇贝防止褶牡蛎附着试验.[J].水产科学,1997(6):16-19.
[22]方笑,张福崇,陈力,等.海湾扇贝养殖中预防太平洋牡蛎危害技术研究[J].河北渔业,2010(6):8-10.
[23]陈静,黄根哲.鲍鱼壳/香螺壳的结构及力学性能[J].机械工程师,2016,7(3):39-41
[24]马云海,林福东,闫志峰,等.环文蛤贝壳微观形貌及摩擦学行为特性[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):298-304.Ma Yunhai,Lin Fudong,Yan Zhifeng,et al.Micro morphology and properties of tribological action for shell in Cyclina sinensis[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(18):298-304.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]GB/T 9217.10-2005硬质合金旋转锉[S].
[26]杨建中,宋卿,李涛,等.分区型旋转锉加工算法研究与实现.[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,(5):6-11Yang Jianzhong,Song Qing,Li Tao,et al.Processing algorithms research and implementation for partition-type rotary burrs[J].Huazhong Univ.of Sci.&Tech(Natural Science Edition),2014,(5):6-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]古新,刘胜新.五金工具手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015.945
[28]毕远溥,蒋双,刘海映,等.温度、体重对皱纹盘鲍耗氧量和排氨量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(5):444-446.Bi Yuanpu,Jiang Shuang,Liu Haiyin,et al.Effect of temperature and weight on oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of haliotis discus hannai[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2000,6(5):444-446.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]贾艳丽,王江勇,刘广锋,等.高温胁迫对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长和成活的影响[J].南方水产科学,2015,11(2):96-100.Jia Yanli,Wang Jiangyong,Liu Guangfeng,et al.Effect of high temperature stress on growth and survival of juvenile haliotis discus hannai Ino.[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(2):96-100.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]姜娓娓,方建光,李加琦,等.温度胁迫对皱纹盘鲍生理和生化活动的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):220-230.Jiang Weiwei,Fang Jianguang,Li Jiaqi,et al.Effects of temperature change on physiological and biochemical activities of haliotis discus hannai Ino[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(2):220-230.(in Chinese with English abstract)