光照对不同规格番红砗磲(Tridacna crocea)氧、氨氮及活性磷酸盐代谢的影响
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摘要
在水温24–26℃下,采用室内实验生态学方法,研究了5000 lx光照强度和黑暗对壳长为(63.53±1.22)mm(S组)、(75.87±1.50)mm(M组)和(92.75±3.02)mm(L组)番红砗磲(Tridacna crocea)氧、氨氮及活性磷酸盐代谢的影响。结果显示,光照条件下,番红砗磲释放氧气,吸收氨氮和活性磷酸盐。黑暗条件下,番红砗磲代谢状况与其他双壳贝类类似。番红砗磲个体代谢率与规格密切相关:光照条件下个体越大,产氧率、对氨氮和活性磷酸盐吸收率越高;黑暗条件下,个体越大,耗氧率、对氨氮和活性磷酸盐释放率亦越高。光照条件下,番红砗磲软体部单位干重代谢率与其个体规格呈负相关,个体越大,单位干重的产氧率、氨氮和活性磷酸盐的吸收率越小。实验首次量化了不同光照条件下番红砗磲对氧、氨氮及活性磷酸盐的吸收和排泄状况,结果可为研究番红砗磲在珊瑚礁生态系统中的作用提供依据,对砗磲人工养殖也具有一定的参考。
The effects of illumination(5000 lx illumination and darkness) and size [shell length:(63.53±1.22) mm as "small" group,(75.87±1.50) mm as "medium", and(92.75±3.02) mm as "large"] on the metabolism of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and active phosphate in the giant clam Tridacna crocea were studied under laboratory conditions at 24–26℃. The results showed that under illumination, T. crocea released oxygen and absorbed ammonia nitrogen and active phosphate; the metabolism of T. crocea was similar to other bivalve mollusks in the dark. The metabolism rate of individual T. croceawas closely related to the size. Under illumination, the oxygen-production rate and the ammonia nitrogen/active phosphate absorption rate had a highly positive correlation with the size; in the dark, on the contrary, there was a negative correlation between the size and the oxygen production rate and the ammonia nitrogen/active phosphate absorption rate. Under illumination, the metabolic rate of symbiotic zooxanthellae(per gram of dry weight) of T. crocea was negatively correlated with the individual size. In this study, the metabolism of oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and active phosphate of T. crocea was quantitatively correlated with the size and light conditions for the first time. Our results provided basic information on the role of T. crocea in coral reef ecosystems and on the artificial breeding of giant clams.
The effects of illumination(5000 lx illumination and darkness) and size [shell length:(63.53±1.22) mm as "small" group,(75.87±1.50) mm as "medium", and(92.75±3.02) mm as "large"] on the metabolism of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and active phosphate in the giant clam Tridacna crocea were studied under laboratory conditions at 24–26℃. The results showed that under illumination, T. crocea released oxygen and absorbed ammonia nitrogen and active phosphate; the metabolism of T. crocea was similar to other bivalve mollusks in the dark. The metabolism rate of individual T. croceawas closely related to the size. Under illumination, the oxygen-production rate and the ammonia nitrogen/active phosphate absorption rate had a highly positive correlation with the size; in the dark, on the contrary, there was a negative correlation between the size and the oxygen production rate and the ammonia nitrogen/active phosphate absorption rate. Under illumination, the metabolic rate of symbiotic zooxanthellae(per gram of dry weight) of T. crocea was negatively correlated with the individual size. In this study, the metabolism of oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and active phosphate of T. crocea was quantitatively correlated with the size and light conditions for the first time. Our results provided basic information on the role of T. crocea in coral reef ecosystems and on the artificial breeding of giant clams.
引文
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Davies PS.The role of zooxanthellae in the nutritional energy requirements of Pocillopora eydouxii.Coral Reefs,1984,2 (4):181–186
Fitt WK.Nutrition of giant clams.Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,1993(47):31–40
Green A,Craig P.Population size and structure of giant clams at Rose Atoll,an important refuge in the Samoan Archipelago.Coral Reefs,1999,18(3):205–211
Griffiths DJ,Winsor H,Luongvan T.Iridophores in the mantle of giant clams.Australian Journal of Zoology,1992,40(3):319 –326
Han L,Peter AT,Loke MC,et al.The defensive role of scutes in juvenile fluted giant clams(Tridacna squamosa).Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2008,359(1):77 –83
He Y,Yang JD.The connection between Sr isotope in shell of modern Tridaecna and its living environment.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2000,20(1):35–38[何勇,杨杰东.现代砗磲壳体锶同位素与其生活环境的关系.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(1):35–38]
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Neo ML,Eckman W,Vicentuan K,et al.The ecological significance of giant clams in coral reef ecosystems.Biological Conservation,2015,181:111–123
Norton JH,Shepherd MA,Long HM,et al.The zooxanthellae tubular system in the giant clam.The Biological Bulletin,1992,183(3):503–506
Ren LH,Zhang JH,Fang JG,et al.The diurnal of respiration,excretion and calcification in oyster Crassostrea gigas.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013(1):75–81[任黎华,张继红,方建光,等.长牡蛎呼吸、排泄及钙化的日节律研究.渔业科学进展,2013(1):75–81]
Shao D,Yan H,Wang YH,et al.High resolution Sr/Ca profiles of three Tridacna specimens and their potential as sea surface temperature proxy.Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2012,42(1):1–9[邵达,晏宏,王玉宏,等.砗磲高分辨率Sr/Ca温度计:3种物种的对比分析.中国科学技术大学学报,2012,42(1):1–9]
Sun YY,Wang CH.Study on relation between the growth rates of Isochrysis galbana and nutrient salt concentration.Marine Sciences,2006,30(1):78–83[孙颖颖,王长海.球等鞭金藻的生长速率与培养液中营养盐的关系研究.海洋科学,2006,30(1):78–83]
Wang H,Shi YH,Gu ZF.Relationship between weight and oxygen consumption rate of Pinctada fucata martensii.Journal of Qiongzhou University,2013,20(5):73–79[王海,石耀华,顾志峰.马氏珠母贝体重与耗氧率的关系.琼州学院学报,2013,20(5):73–79]
Wu WG,Zhang JH,Gao ZK,et al.Effects of temperature and salinity on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rate of whelk Cantharus cecillei with different sizes.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(2):134–138[吴文广,张继红,高振锟,等.温度和盐度对不同规格甲虫螺(Cantharus cecillei)耗氧率和排氨率的影响.渔业科学进展,2016,37 (2):134–138]
Yan H,Shao D,Wang YH,et al.High resolution Sr/Ca profiles of Tridacna gigas from Xisha Islands of South China Sea and its potential application on sea surface temperature reconstruction.Journal of Earth Environment,2011,2(2):381 –386[晏宏,邵达,王玉宏,等.南海西沙大砗磲高分辨率Sr/Ca温度计及其意义.地球环境学报,2011,2(2):381 –386]
Yonge CM.Giant clams.Scientific American,1975,232(4):96 –105
1)Bian L.The removal and recycle of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and wastewater purification by microalgae.Master′s Thesis of Zhejiang University,2010,16-52[边磊.微藻对氮磷营养盐的脱除利用与废水净化.浙江大学硕士研究生学位论文,2010,16-52]
Braley RD.The giant clam:hatchery and nursery culture manual.Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,1992(15):144
Chen GY,Li JP,Li H.One of Buddhist’s seven treasure–Tridacna.Collection World,2008(5):126[陈国英,李江平,李焕.“佛教七宝”之一——砗磲.收藏界,2008(5):126]
Davies PS.Effects of day light variation on energy budgets of shallow water corals.Marine Biology,1991,108(1):137–144
Davies PS.The role of zooxanthellae in the nutritional energy requirements of Pocillopora eydouxii.Coral Reefs,1984,2 (4):181–186
Fitt WK.Nutrition of giant clams.Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,1993(47):31–40
Green A,Craig P.Population size and structure of giant clams at Rose Atoll,an important refuge in the Samoan Archipelago.Coral Reefs,1999,18(3):205–211
Griffiths DJ,Winsor H,Luongvan T.Iridophores in the mantle of giant clams.Australian Journal of Zoology,1992,40(3):319 –326
Han L,Peter AT,Loke MC,et al.The defensive role of scutes in juvenile fluted giant clams(Tridacna squamosa).Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2008,359(1):77 –83
He Y,Yang JD.The connection between Sr isotope in shell of modern Tridaecna and its living environment.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2000,20(1):35–38[何勇,杨杰东.现代砗磲壳体锶同位素与其生活环境的关系.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(1):35–38]
Klumpp DW,Bayne BL,Hawkins AJS.Nutrition of the giant clam Tridacna gigas(L.)I.Contribution of filter feeding and photosynthates to respiration and growth.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1992,155(1):105 –122
Klumpp DW,Griffiths CL.Contributions of phototrophic and heterotrophic nutrition to the metabolic and growth requirements of four species of giant clam(Tridacnidae).Marine Ecology Progress Series,1994,115:103–115
Liu L,Yang XW,Chen PY,et al.Efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from artificial wastewater by three kinds of microalgae.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014(11):172–176[刘磊,杨雪薇,陈朋宇,等.3种微藻对人工污水中氮磷去除效果的研究.广东农业科学,2014(11):172–176]
Li YP,Li GY,Li JJ.Bottom sowing culturing Tridacna squamosa in the sea area of Xisha Islands.Scientific Fish Farming,2015(9):44–45[李育培,李广毅,李家积.西沙群岛海域鳞砗磲底播养殖试验.科学养鱼,2015(9):44–45]
Li XM,Du Y,Lin CX.Research on relationship between body size and zooxanthellae number of Tridacna maxima.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010(6):2981–2982[李晓梅,杜宇,林炽贤.长砗磲(Tridacna maxima)个体大小与虫黄藻数量的相关性研究.安徽农业科学,2010(6):2981–2982
Li ZM,Liu ZG,Xie L,et al.Oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of Pteria penguin.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2009,31(6):129–135[栗志民,刘志刚,谢丽,等.企鹅珍珠贝耗氧率和排氨率的研究.海洋学报,2009,31(6):129–135]
Luo W.Larval growth of Tridacna crocea.Topic Oceanology,1991(1):73–79[罗伟.番红砗磲幼虫的生长.热带海洋,1991(1):73–79]
Mingoa SSM.Photo adaptation in juvenile Tridacna gigas.Giant clams in Asia and the Pacific.ACIAR Monograph,1988(9):145 –150
Neo ML,Eckman W,Vicentuan K,et al.The ecological significance of giant clams in coral reef ecosystems.Biological Conservation,2015,181:111–123
Norton JH,Shepherd MA,Long HM,et al.The zooxanthellae tubular system in the giant clam.The Biological Bulletin,1992,183(3):503–506
Ren LH,Zhang JH,Fang JG,et al.The diurnal of respiration,excretion and calcification in oyster Crassostrea gigas.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013(1):75–81[任黎华,张继红,方建光,等.长牡蛎呼吸、排泄及钙化的日节律研究.渔业科学进展,2013(1):75–81]
Shao D,Yan H,Wang YH,et al.High resolution Sr/Ca profiles of three Tridacna specimens and their potential as sea surface temperature proxy.Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2012,42(1):1–9[邵达,晏宏,王玉宏,等.砗磲高分辨率Sr/Ca温度计:3种物种的对比分析.中国科学技术大学学报,2012,42(1):1–9]
Sun YY,Wang CH.Study on relation between the growth rates of Isochrysis galbana and nutrient salt concentration.Marine Sciences,2006,30(1):78–83[孙颖颖,王长海.球等鞭金藻的生长速率与培养液中营养盐的关系研究.海洋科学,2006,30(1):78–83]
Wang H,Shi YH,Gu ZF.Relationship between weight and oxygen consumption rate of Pinctada fucata martensii.Journal of Qiongzhou University,2013,20(5):73–79[王海,石耀华,顾志峰.马氏珠母贝体重与耗氧率的关系.琼州学院学报,2013,20(5):73–79]
Wu WG,Zhang JH,Gao ZK,et al.Effects of temperature and salinity on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rate of whelk Cantharus cecillei with different sizes.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(2):134–138[吴文广,张继红,高振锟,等.温度和盐度对不同规格甲虫螺(Cantharus cecillei)耗氧率和排氨率的影响.渔业科学进展,2016,37 (2):134–138]
Yan H,Shao D,Wang YH,et al.High resolution Sr/Ca profiles of Tridacna gigas from Xisha Islands of South China Sea and its potential application on sea surface temperature reconstruction.Journal of Earth Environment,2011,2(2):381 –386[晏宏,邵达,王玉宏,等.南海西沙大砗磲高分辨率Sr/Ca温度计及其意义.地球环境学报,2011,2(2):381 –386]
Yonge CM.Giant clams.Scientific American,1975,232(4):96 –105
1)Bian L.The removal and recycle of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and wastewater purification by microalgae.Master′s Thesis of Zhejiang University,2010,16-52[边磊.微藻对氮磷营养盐的脱除利用与废水净化.浙江大学硕士研究生学位论文,2010,16-52]