皱纹盘鲍排氨率变化特征及代谢产物对水质的影响研究
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摘要
为研究不同规格皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)的排氨率变化特征和代谢产物对养殖水质的影响,于鲍摄食后的3、6、9、12、18、24 h时取水样对主要水质因子的变化情况进行测定,并根据总氨氮(TAN)浓度计算各规格组鲍的排氨率。实验结果表明,随着鲍体质量的增加,TAN浓度也随之增加(P<0.05),大规格组和小规格组中TAN浓度均在9 h时出现第一个波峰。大、中、小规格组鲍的单位体质量排氨率最大值依次为16.79、29.96、48.56μg/(g·h)。且小规格组鲍的排氨率显著高于大、中等规格组(P<0.05),各规格组中的NO_2~–-N和PO_4~(3–_-P浓度均在24 h时达到最大值,且除0 h外,大规格组中的NO_2~–-N和PO43–-P浓度均显著高于中、小规格组(P<0.05)。9 h时,大规格组中的NO_3~–-N浓度达到最大值,而中等规格组则在24 h时达到最大值。18 h时,中等规格和小规格组COD均达到最大值,而大规格组则是在24 h时浓度达到最大。因此,基于皱纹盘鲍的排氨率变化特征和TAN等在水体中的累积情况,可以预测水质变化规律并根据实际情况及时采取换水等相关操作,对促进养殖生物健康生长、降低病害发生风险、提高养殖效益等均有借鉴意义。
Ammonia excretion rates of Haliotis discus hannai of different sizes and the effect of its metabolites on water quality were investigated by collecting water samples at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 h after food intake to determine the changes in important water quality factors and calculate the ammonia excretion rate of each group based on TAN concentration. Experimental results showed that TAN concentration of large-and small-sized abalone groups reached the first peak at 9 h and increased with the body mass of abalone. The maximum ammonia excretion rates per unit weight of the large, medium, and small size groups were 16.79, 29.96, and 48.56 μg/(g·h), respectively. The ammonia excretion rate of the small-sized group was significantly higher than that of the medium-and large-sized groups. PO_4~(3–)-P and NO_2~–-N concentrations of the small-, medium-, and large-sized groups reached the maximum value at 24 h, and the PO_4~(3–)-P and NO_2~–-N concentrations of the large-sized group were significantly higher than those of the small-and medium-sized groups. NO_3~–-N concentration of the large-sized group reached the maximum value at 9 h, whereas NO3–-N concentration of the medium-sized group reached the maximum value at 24 h. COD concentration of the small-and medium-sized groups reached the maximum value at 18 h, whereas COD concentration of the large-sized group reached the maximum value at 24 h. Therefore, water exchange and other related processes after the food intake by the abalone H. hannai based on its ammonia excretion rate and water quality index accumulation in the water body will be somewhat referential to the promotion of the healthy growth of aquaculture organisms, reduction of disease incidence risk, and improvement of aquaculture efficiency.
Ammonia excretion rates of Haliotis discus hannai of different sizes and the effect of its metabolites on water quality were investigated by collecting water samples at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 h after food intake to determine the changes in important water quality factors and calculate the ammonia excretion rate of each group based on TAN concentration. Experimental results showed that TAN concentration of large-and small-sized abalone groups reached the first peak at 9 h and increased with the body mass of abalone. The maximum ammonia excretion rates per unit weight of the large, medium, and small size groups were 16.79, 29.96, and 48.56 μg/(g·h), respectively. The ammonia excretion rate of the small-sized group was significantly higher than that of the medium-and large-sized groups. PO_4~(3–)-P and NO_2~–-N concentrations of the small-, medium-, and large-sized groups reached the maximum value at 24 h, and the PO_4~(3–)-P and NO_2~–-N concentrations of the large-sized group were significantly higher than those of the small-and medium-sized groups. NO_3~–-N concentration of the large-sized group reached the maximum value at 9 h, whereas NO3–-N concentration of the medium-sized group reached the maximum value at 24 h. COD concentration of the small-and medium-sized groups reached the maximum value at 18 h, whereas COD concentration of the large-sized group reached the maximum value at 24 h. Therefore, water exchange and other related processes after the food intake by the abalone H. hannai based on its ammonia excretion rate and water quality index accumulation in the water body will be somewhat referential to the promotion of the healthy growth of aquaculture organisms, reduction of disease incidence risk, and improvement of aquaculture efficiency.
引文
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[4]李治,谢小军,曹振东.摄食对南方鲇耗氧和氨氮排泄的影响[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(3):247-252.Li Zhi,Xie Xiaojun,Cao Zhendong.Effects of feeding on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in Silurus meridionalis chen.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,29(3):247-252.
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[12]闫修花,王桂珍,陈迪军,等.纳氏试剂比色法直接测定海水中的氨氮[J].中国环境监测,2003,19(6):8-10.Yan Xiuhua,Wang Guizhen,Chen Dijun,et al.To determine NH4+-N directly in sea-water using nessler’s reagent-colorimetry[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2003,19(6):8-10.
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[14]杨素霞,黄琼军.紫外分光光度法测定海水中硝酸盐氮[J].黑龙江环境通报,2006,30(4):35-36.Yang Suxia,Huang Xiongjun.Determining nitrate nitrogen in seawater with ultraviolet spectrophotometric method[J].Heilongjiang Environment Journal,2006,30(4):35-36.
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[18]Barkai R,Griffiths C L.An energy budget for the south African abalone Haliotis midae Linnaeus.Journal of Molluscan Studies.1988,54(1):43-51.
[19]刘建业,喻达辉,李金碧.盐度和p H对合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(4):603-607.Liu Jianye,Yu Dahui,Li Jinbi.Effects of salinity and p H on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates in Pinctada fucata[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2011,42(4):603-607.
[20]王俊,姜祖辉,唐启升.栉孔扇贝耗氧率和排氨率的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1157-1160.Wang Jun,Jiang Zuhui,Tang Qisheng.Oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of Chlamys farreri[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(9):1157-1160.
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