光照强度和光色对番红砗磲(Tridacna crocea)氨氮、活性磷酸盐及氧代谢的影响
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摘要
采用室内实验生态学方法,以水体中氨氮、活性磷酸盐和溶氧变化为指标研究了光照强度和光色对番红砗磲代谢的影响。结果表明:(1)在0—10000lx光照时,番红砗磲排氨量逐渐减少,在光照12000lx时转为吸收海水中氨氮,并在16000lx时达到最高[1.89μg/(ind·h)];在2000lx光照条件下,番红砗磲可吸收海水中活性磷酸盐并释放氧气。其活性磷酸盐吸收量随光照强度增强而增加,在16000lx时达到最高峰。在实验光照范围内,番红砗磲产氧率随光照强度的增强逐渐增加。上述结果显示番红砗磲最佳光照强度约为16000lx。(2)当番红砗磲自黑暗转移至各光照组后,其氨氮、活性磷酸盐吸收率均随时间逐渐降低,而产氧率则逐渐升高。(3)光色显著影响番红砗磲合成代谢,蓝光最佳,红光次之,白光最差。
The metabolism of Tridacna crocea was studied under laboratory conditions using experimental ecology methods with the indexes of ammonia nitrogen, active phosphates, and dissolved oxygen under different light intensity and spectral conditions. The ammonia excretion of T. crocea declined with light intensity between 0 and 10000 lx, and the concentration of ammonia decreased at 12000 lx, which meant the ammonia assimilation in giant clams, and the highest absorption rate was 1.89μg·ind/h at 16000 lx. The absorption rate of active phosphate increased with light intensity rise and reached the peak at 16000 lx. The oxygen production rate showed a positive relationship with light intensity. The absorption rates of ammonia and active phosphate decreased with time, while the oxygen production rate was opposite. In addition, light spectra affected significantly the assimilation metabolism, of which blue light was the largest, followed by red, and then white, the least. This is the first attempt of study on the effects of light on the metabolism of T. crocea. The results shall be helpful for understanding the ecological function and stock enhancement of the giant claims.
The metabolism of Tridacna crocea was studied under laboratory conditions using experimental ecology methods with the indexes of ammonia nitrogen, active phosphates, and dissolved oxygen under different light intensity and spectral conditions. The ammonia excretion of T. crocea declined with light intensity between 0 and 10000 lx, and the concentration of ammonia decreased at 12000 lx, which meant the ammonia assimilation in giant clams, and the highest absorption rate was 1.89μg·ind/h at 16000 lx. The absorption rate of active phosphate increased with light intensity rise and reached the peak at 16000 lx. The oxygen production rate showed a positive relationship with light intensity. The absorption rates of ammonia and active phosphate decreased with time, while the oxygen production rate was opposite. In addition, light spectra affected significantly the assimilation metabolism, of which blue light was the largest, followed by red, and then white, the least. This is the first attempt of study on the effects of light on the metabolism of T. crocea. The results shall be helpful for understanding the ecological function and stock enhancement of the giant claims.
引文
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会,2008.GB 17378.4-2007海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析.北京:中国标准出版社
王俊,唐启升,2001.双壳贝类能量学及其研究进展.渔业科学进展,22(3):80-83
孙忠,余方平,姚海富等,2004.网箱养殖大黄鱼和美国红鱼的耗氧率与氮排泄率.浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),23(3):207-210,217
朱爱意,谢佳彦,陈金海,2007.温度和个体大小对单齿螺耗氧率和排氨率的影响.生态科学,26(3):232-236
过锋,赵俊,陈聚法等,2012.胶州湾贝类养殖区氮、磷污染现状及动态变化.渔业科学进展,33(5):116-122
张跃环,肖述,李军等,2016.鳞砗磲的人工繁育和早期发生.水产学报,40(11):1713-1723
孟学平,董志国,程汉良等,2005.西施舌的耗氧率与排氨率研究.应用生态学报,16(12):2435-2438
栗志民,刘志刚,谢丽等,2009.企鹅珍珠贝耗氧率和排氨率的研究.海洋学报,31(6):129-135
葛长字,2010.鱼类养殖对水体磷酸盐的影响:源、汇的半现场实验例证.环境科学与管理,35(7):29-32,45
董杨,李向民,2015.砗磲资源保护、开发及其产业化发展前景.水产科学,34(3):195-200
Borsa P,Fauvelot C,Tiavouane J et al,2015.Distribution of Noah’s giant clam,Tridacna noae.Marine Biodiversity,45(2):339-344
Calumpong H P,1992.The Giant Clam:An Ocean Culture Manual.Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,7-13
Copland J W,Lucas J S,1988.Giant Clams in Asia and the Pacific.Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,21-32
Ellis S,2000.Nursery and grow-out techniques for Giant Clams(Bivalvia:Tridacnidae).Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture,143:1-99
Fitt W K,1993.Nutrition of Giant Clams.Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,31-40
Griffiths D J,Winsor H,Luongvan T,1992.Iridophores in the mantle of giant clams.Australian Journal of Zoology,40(3):319-326
Hawkins A J S,Klumpp D W,1995.Nutrition of the giant clam Tridacna gigas(L.).II.Relative contributions of filter feeding and the ammonium-nitrogen acquired and recycled by symbiotic alga towards total nitrogen requirements for tissue growth and metabolism.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,190(2):263-290
Huelsken T,Keyse J,Liggins L et al,2013.A novel widespread cryptic species and phylogeographic patterns within several giant clam species(Cardiidae:Tridacna)from the Indo-Pacific Ocean.PLo S One,8(11):e80858
Ip Y K,Loong A M,Hiong K C et al,2006.Light induces an increase in the ph of and a decrease in the ammonia concentration in the extrapallial fluid of the giant clam Tridacna squamosa.Physiological and Biochemical Zoology,79(3):656-664
Jespersen H,Olsen K,1982.Bioenergetics in veliger larvae of Mytilusedulis L.Ophelia,21(1):101-113
Johnson C E,Goulet T L,2007.A comparison of photographic analyses used to quantify zooxanthella density and pigment concentrations in Cnidarians.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,353(2):287-295
Klumpp D W,Bayne B L,Hawkins A J S,1992.Nutrition of the giant clam Tridacna gigas(L.)I.Contribution of filter feeding and photosynthates to respiration and growth.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,155(1):105-122
Klumpp D W,Griffiths C L,1994.Contributions of phototrophic and heterotrophic nutrition to the metabolic and growth requirements of four species of giant clam(Tridacnidae).Marine Ecology Progress Series,115:103-115
Lin S J,Cheng S F,Song B et al,2015.The Symbiodinium kawagutii genome illuminates dinoflagellate gene expression and coral symbiosis.Science,350(6261):691-694
Lucas J S,2014.Giant clams.Current Biology,24(5):R183-R184
Norton J H,Shepherd M A,Long H M et al,1992.The zooxanthellal tubular system in the giant clam.The Biological Bulletin,183(3):503-506
Penny S S,Willan R C,2014.Description of a new species of giant clam(Bivalvia:Tridacnidae)from Ningaloo Reef,Western Australia.Molluscan Research,34(3):201-211
Richter C,Roa-Quiaoit H,Jantzen C et al,2008.Collapse of a new living species of giant clam in the Red Sea.Current Biology,18(17):1349-1354
Su Y,Hung J H,Kubo H et al,2014.Tridacna noae(R?ding,1798)-a valid giant clam species separated from T.maxima(R?ding,1798)by morphological and genetic data.Raffles Bulletin of Zoology,62:124-135
Todd P A,Lee J H,Chou L M,2009.Polymorphism and crypsis in the boring giant clam(Tridacna crocea):potential strategies against visual predators.Hydrobiologia,635(1):37-43
王俊,唐启升,2001.双壳贝类能量学及其研究进展.渔业科学进展,22(3):80-83
孙忠,余方平,姚海富等,2004.网箱养殖大黄鱼和美国红鱼的耗氧率与氮排泄率.浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),23(3):207-210,217
朱爱意,谢佳彦,陈金海,2007.温度和个体大小对单齿螺耗氧率和排氨率的影响.生态科学,26(3):232-236
过锋,赵俊,陈聚法等,2012.胶州湾贝类养殖区氮、磷污染现状及动态变化.渔业科学进展,33(5):116-122
张跃环,肖述,李军等,2016.鳞砗磲的人工繁育和早期发生.水产学报,40(11):1713-1723
孟学平,董志国,程汉良等,2005.西施舌的耗氧率与排氨率研究.应用生态学报,16(12):2435-2438
栗志民,刘志刚,谢丽等,2009.企鹅珍珠贝耗氧率和排氨率的研究.海洋学报,31(6):129-135
葛长字,2010.鱼类养殖对水体磷酸盐的影响:源、汇的半现场实验例证.环境科学与管理,35(7):29-32,45
董杨,李向民,2015.砗磲资源保护、开发及其产业化发展前景.水产科学,34(3):195-200
Borsa P,Fauvelot C,Tiavouane J et al,2015.Distribution of Noah’s giant clam,Tridacna noae.Marine Biodiversity,45(2):339-344
Calumpong H P,1992.The Giant Clam:An Ocean Culture Manual.Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,7-13
Copland J W,Lucas J S,1988.Giant Clams in Asia and the Pacific.Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,21-32
Ellis S,2000.Nursery and grow-out techniques for Giant Clams(Bivalvia:Tridacnidae).Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture,143:1-99
Fitt W K,1993.Nutrition of Giant Clams.Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,31-40
Griffiths D J,Winsor H,Luongvan T,1992.Iridophores in the mantle of giant clams.Australian Journal of Zoology,40(3):319-326
Hawkins A J S,Klumpp D W,1995.Nutrition of the giant clam Tridacna gigas(L.).II.Relative contributions of filter feeding and the ammonium-nitrogen acquired and recycled by symbiotic alga towards total nitrogen requirements for tissue growth and metabolism.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,190(2):263-290
Huelsken T,Keyse J,Liggins L et al,2013.A novel widespread cryptic species and phylogeographic patterns within several giant clam species(Cardiidae:Tridacna)from the Indo-Pacific Ocean.PLo S One,8(11):e80858
Ip Y K,Loong A M,Hiong K C et al,2006.Light induces an increase in the ph of and a decrease in the ammonia concentration in the extrapallial fluid of the giant clam Tridacna squamosa.Physiological and Biochemical Zoology,79(3):656-664
Jespersen H,Olsen K,1982.Bioenergetics in veliger larvae of Mytilusedulis L.Ophelia,21(1):101-113
Johnson C E,Goulet T L,2007.A comparison of photographic analyses used to quantify zooxanthella density and pigment concentrations in Cnidarians.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,353(2):287-295
Klumpp D W,Bayne B L,Hawkins A J S,1992.Nutrition of the giant clam Tridacna gigas(L.)I.Contribution of filter feeding and photosynthates to respiration and growth.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,155(1):105-122
Klumpp D W,Griffiths C L,1994.Contributions of phototrophic and heterotrophic nutrition to the metabolic and growth requirements of four species of giant clam(Tridacnidae).Marine Ecology Progress Series,115:103-115
Lin S J,Cheng S F,Song B et al,2015.The Symbiodinium kawagutii genome illuminates dinoflagellate gene expression and coral symbiosis.Science,350(6261):691-694
Lucas J S,2014.Giant clams.Current Biology,24(5):R183-R184
Norton J H,Shepherd M A,Long H M et al,1992.The zooxanthellal tubular system in the giant clam.The Biological Bulletin,183(3):503-506
Penny S S,Willan R C,2014.Description of a new species of giant clam(Bivalvia:Tridacnidae)from Ningaloo Reef,Western Australia.Molluscan Research,34(3):201-211
Richter C,Roa-Quiaoit H,Jantzen C et al,2008.Collapse of a new living species of giant clam in the Red Sea.Current Biology,18(17):1349-1354
Su Y,Hung J H,Kubo H et al,2014.Tridacna noae(R?ding,1798)-a valid giant clam species separated from T.maxima(R?ding,1798)by morphological and genetic data.Raffles Bulletin of Zoology,62:124-135
Todd P A,Lee J H,Chou L M,2009.Polymorphism and crypsis in the boring giant clam(Tridacna crocea):potential strategies against visual predators.Hydrobiologia,635(1):37-43