多匝串联并列轨道炮U形电枢接触界面熔蚀规律分析
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摘要
针对一种多匝串联并列轨道炮U形电枢与轨道接触界面的熔蚀问题,通过电磁-结构-热多物理场耦合分析,对不同电流峰值、不同过盈量的膛内电枢速度、界面接触压力、界面温度等进行了数值仿真,并开展了相关验证试验,得到了接触界面熔蚀规律。仿真和试验结果表明:发射过程中电枢与轨道间的接触压力随电流波动而变化;接触压力越大,摩擦热功率越大,而接触电阻的焦耳热功率越小;合理设计电枢过盈量参数,可进一步改善滑动接触界面的环境温度;由于滑动过程中不可避免的磨损,电枢接触面熔蚀区域从初始接触区域逐渐向尾部转移,试验结果验证了仿真方法的有效性。
An electromagnetic-structure-thermal multi-physics coupling model is established to study the melting erosion on the contact interface between U-shaped armature and rails of a multiturn serial-parallel railgun,and the armature velocity,contact pressure and temperature of interface in the case of different current peaks and shrink ranges are analyzed. The related verification experiments were made to obtain the melting erosion characteristic of contact interface. The simulated and experimental results show that the contact pressure between armature and rails varies with current fluctuation during launching. The friction heat power varies directly with the contact pressure,but Joule thermal power caused by contact resistance varies inversely with the contact pressure. The ambient temperature of the sliding contact interface can be further improved by reasonable design of armature shrink range. Due to the inevitable wear during sliding,the melting area of armature contact surface gradually transfers from the initial contactarea to the tail of armature. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the simulation method.
An electromagnetic-structure-thermal multi-physics coupling model is established to study the melting erosion on the contact interface between U-shaped armature and rails of a multiturn serial-parallel railgun,and the armature velocity,contact pressure and temperature of interface in the case of different current peaks and shrink ranges are analyzed. The related verification experiments were made to obtain the melting erosion characteristic of contact interface. The simulated and experimental results show that the contact pressure between armature and rails varies with current fluctuation during launching. The friction heat power varies directly with the contact pressure,but Joule thermal power caused by contact resistance varies inversely with the contact pressure. The ambient temperature of the sliding contact interface can be further improved by reasonable design of armature shrink range. Due to the inevitable wear during sliding,the melting area of armature contact surface gradually transfers from the initial contactarea to the tail of armature. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the simulation method.
引文
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[21]米兰科·布朗诺维克,瓦乐里·V·康奇兹,尼克莱·K·米西金.电接触理论、应用与技术[M].许良军,芦娜,林雪燕,等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2010:148-171.Braunovic M,Konchits V V,Myshkin N K. Electrical contacts fundamentals,applications and technology[M]. XU Liang-jun,LU Na,LIN Xue-yan,et al,translated. Beijing:China Machine Press,2010:148-171.(in Chinese)
[2] Fair H D. Progress in electromagnetic launch science and technology and its applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43(1):93-98.
[3] Barber J P,Bauer D P,Jamison K,et al. A survey of armature transition mechanisms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(1):47-51.
[4] Satapathy S,Vanicek H. Down-slope contact transition in railguns[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43(1):402-407.
[5] James T E,James D C. Contact pressure distribution and transition in solid armatures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2001,37(1):81-85.
[6]冯登,夏胜国,陈立学,等.基于过盈配合的C形电枢轨道初始接触特性分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(4):1077-1083.FENG Deng,XIA Sheng-guo,CHEN Li-xue,et al. Characteristics analysis of the initial contact between C-shaped armature and rail based on interference fit[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(4):1077-1083.(in Chinese)
[7]陈允,徐伟东,袁伟群,等.电磁发射中铝电枢与不同材料导轨间的滑动电接触特性[J].高电压技术,2013,39(4):937-941.CHEN Yun,XU Wei-dong,YUAN Wei-qun,et al. Sliding electrical contacts between aluminum armature and different material rails in railgun[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(4):937-941.(in Chinese)
[8] Hsieh K T,Satapathy S,Hsieh M T. Effects of pressure-dependent contact resistivity on contact interfacial conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(1):313-318.
[9] Delaney L D. A first report on electro migration studies at a model copper-aluminum railgun contact[D]. Monterey,CA,US:Naval Postgraduate School,2006.
[10] Fair H D. The past,present,and future of electromagnetic launch technology and the IEEE international EML symposia[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2013,41(5):1024-1027.
[11]邢彦昌,吕庆敖,李治源,等.电磁轨道炮熔化限制条件下速度极限分析[J].火炮发射与控制学报,2014,35(3):11-15.XING Yan-chang,LYU Qing-ao,LI Zhi-yuan,et al. Muzzle velocity limit analysis of electromagnetic launcher under melting restriction condition[J]. Journal of Gun Launch and Control,2014,35(3):11-15.(in Chinese)
[12] LüQ A,Li Z Y,Lei B,et al. Primary structural design and optimal armature simulation for a practical electromagnetic launcher[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2013,41(5):1403-1409.
[13] LüQ A,Xiang H J,Lei B,et al. Flexible sliding contact between armature and rails for the practical launcher model[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2017,45(7):1489-1495.
[14]申泽军,左鹏,袁建生.电磁轨道炮电枢与轨道接触面大小对电流密度的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(4):1084-1090.SHEN Ze-jun,ZUO Peng,YUAN Jian-sheng. Influence of contact area size between armature and rails in railguns on current density[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(4):1084-1090.
[15]王志恒,万敏,李小将.电磁轨道炮接触热时空分布特性分布特性分析[J].高压物理学报,2016,30(6):511-516.WANG Zhi-heng,WAN Min,LI Xiao-jiang. Characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of railgun contact heat[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,2016,30(6):511-516.(in Chinese)
[16]金龙文,雷彬,张倩,等.电磁轨道炮热生成机理及温度场数值仿真[J].火炮发射与控制学报,2012,33(4):9-12.JIN Long-wen,LEI Bin,ZHANG Qian,et al. Heat generation mechanism analysis and numerical simulation of temperature field in electromagnetic railgun[J]. Journal of Gun Launch and Control,2012,33(4):9-12.(in Chinese)
[17]李鹤,雷彬,吕庆敖,等.电磁轨道炮电枢接触界面温度场仿真研究[J].润滑与密封,2012,37(11):22-26,38.LI He,LEI Bin,LYU Qing-ao,et al. Simulation of temperature distribution on contact surface of armature for electromagnetic railgun[J]. Lubrication Engineering,2012,37(11):22-26,38.(in Chinese)
[18]殷强,张合,李豪杰.动态条件下电磁轨道炮膛内磁场和电场分析[J].兵工学报,2017,38(6):1059-1066.YIN Qiang,ZHANG He,LI Hao-jie. Analysis of in-bore magnetic and electric fields in electromagnetic railgun under dynamic condition[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2017,38(6):1059-1066.(in Chinese)
[19] Guru B S,Hiziroˇglu H R. Electromagnetic field theory fundamentals[M]. 2nd ed. Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2005:105-106.
[20]王刚,安琳. COMSOL Multiphysics工程实践与理论仿真:多物理场数值分析技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012:67-87.WANG Gang,AN Lin. COMSOL Multiphysics engineering practice and theoretical simulation:numerical analysis technology of multiphysics field[M]. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronic Industry,2012:67-87.(in Chinese)
[21]米兰科·布朗诺维克,瓦乐里·V·康奇兹,尼克莱·K·米西金.电接触理论、应用与技术[M].许良军,芦娜,林雪燕,等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2010:148-171.Braunovic M,Konchits V V,Myshkin N K. Electrical contacts fundamentals,applications and technology[M]. XU Liang-jun,LU Na,LIN Xue-yan,et al,translated. Beijing:China Machine Press,2010:148-171.(in Chinese)