虚拟同步机技术在电动汽车充电桩中的应用
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摘要
文章研究将虚拟同步机技术应用在电动汽车充电桩的三相可控整流器中,使电动汽车具备虚拟的惯性、阻尼和同步机制,自动参与电网稳定运行的调节,并通过模型研究和实验分析验证该技术的优越性和可行性。应用虚拟同步机技术的电动汽车充电桩将电网运行状态作为反馈,能够根据电网电压、频率变化快速进行调整,实现有功、无功功率的自主交互,对功率振荡起到有效的抑制作用。该技术的应用能够在最大程度上降低大规模电动汽车接入对电网稳定性的影响,实现电动汽车与电网的互动,并能够有效解决智能化电力系统中系统惯性缺失的问题。
In this paper,the virtual synchronous generator technology is applied to the three-phase controlled rectifier of electric vehicle charging pile,which makes the electric vehicle have virtual inertia,damping and synchronization mechanism.It automatically participates in the regulation of stable operation of the power grid,and the feasibility and superiority of this technology is verified by model research and experimental analysis. The electric vehicle charging pile using the virtual synchronous generator technology takes the grid operating status as feedback. It can quickly adjust according to the change of voltage and frequency. The autonomous interaction of active and reactive power is realized and the power oscillation is effectively suppressed. The impact of large-scale electric vehicle access on grid stability can be minimized by the application of this technology. The interaction between electric vehicle and power grid can be realized. The problem of system inertia loss in intelligent power system can also be effectively solved.
In this paper,the virtual synchronous generator technology is applied to the three-phase controlled rectifier of electric vehicle charging pile,which makes the electric vehicle have virtual inertia,damping and synchronization mechanism.It automatically participates in the regulation of stable operation of the power grid,and the feasibility and superiority of this technology is verified by model research and experimental analysis. The electric vehicle charging pile using the virtual synchronous generator technology takes the grid operating status as feedback. It can quickly adjust according to the change of voltage and frequency. The autonomous interaction of active and reactive power is realized and the power oscillation is effectively suppressed. The impact of large-scale electric vehicle access on grid stability can be minimized by the application of this technology. The interaction between electric vehicle and power grid can be realized. The problem of system inertia loss in intelligent power system can also be effectively solved.
引文
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[18]黄頔,樊绍胜,吕志鹏,等.负荷用直流变换器的虚拟直流发电机控制策略研究[J].电力科学与工程,2015,31(4):32-36,42.HUANG Di,FAN Shaosheng,LüZhipeng,et al.Virtual DC generator control strategy for load DC-DC converter[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2015,31(4):32-36,42.
[19]何光辉,张仰飞,陈光宇,等.基于虚拟同步电机的负荷换流器建模及参数设计[J].电力工程技术,2018,37(1):79-85,108.HE Guanghui,ZHANG Yangfei,CHEN Guangyu,et al.Modeling and parameter design of load converter based on virtual synchronous motor[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2018,37(1):79-85,108.
[20]范红,董伟杰,白晓民,等.基于虚拟同步电动机技术的变频器控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(15):4446-4453.FAN Hong,DONG Weijie,Bai Xiaomin,et al.Anovel frequency-converter control strategy based on virtual synchronous motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(15):4446-4453.
[21]杨向真,苏建徽,丁明,等.微电网孤岛运行时的频率控制策略[J].电网技术,2010,34(1):164-168.YANG Xiangzhen,SU Jianhui,DING Ming,et al.Research on frequency control for microgrid in islanded operation[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(1):164-168.
[2]田书欣,程浩忠,曾平良,等.大型集群风电接入输电系统规划研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1566-1574.TIAN Shuxin,CHENG Haozhong,ZENG Pingliang,et al.Review of transmission planning for integrating large clusters of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1566-1574.
[3]吕志鹏.虚拟同步机技术构建“源-网-荷”友好互动新模式[J].供用电,2017,34(2):32-34.LüZhipeng.New pattern of source-grid-load friendly interaction based on virtual synchronous machine technology[J].Distribution&Utilization,2017,2017,34(2):32-34.
[4]和敬涵,谢毓毓,张金国.电动汽车充电负荷时空分布及其对配电网的影响[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):83-88.HE Jinghan,XIE Yuyu,ZHANG Jinguo.Temporal and spatial distribution research for electric vehicle charging load and the impacts on distribution network[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(7):83-88.
[5]李瑾,杜成刚,张华.智能电网与电动汽车双向互动技术综述[J].供用电,2010,27(3):12-14.LI Jin,DU Chenggang,ZHANG Hua.Summary on the two-way interaction between smart grid and the electric vehicle[J].Distribution&Utilization,2010,27(3):12-14.
[6]王威,贺旭,王晴,等.电动汽车充电对电网负荷和电气设备的影响[J].供用电,2018,35(9):79-84.WANG Wei,HE Xu,WANG Qing,et al.Impacts of electric vehicles charging on grid load and electrical equipment[J].Electric Power Construction,2018,35(9):79-84.
[7]白高平.电动汽车充(放)电站规模化建设与电网适应性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.
[8]刘其辉,逯胜建.参与微电网调频的电动汽车虚拟同步机充放电控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):171-179.LIU Qihui,LU Shengjian.Charging and discharging control strategy based on virtual synchronous machine for electrical vehicles participating in frequency regulation of microgrid[J].Automation Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):171-179.
[9]吕志鹏,梁英,曾正,等.应用虚拟同步电机技术的电动汽车快充控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4287-4294.LüZhipeng,LIANG Ying,ZENG Zheng,et al.Virtual synchronous motor based control scheme of fast charger for electric vehicle application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4287-4294.
[10]刘东齐,钟庆昌,王耀南,等.基于同步逆变器的电动汽车V2G智能充放电控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):544-556.LIU Dongqi,ZHONG Qingchang,WANG Yaonan,et al.A synchronverter-based V2G smart charging and discharging control strategy for electric vehicles[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):544-556.
[11]NOORI M,ZHAO Y,ONAT N C,et al.Light-duty electric vehicles to improve the integrity of electricity grid through vehicle-to-Grid technology:analysis of regional net revenue and emissions savings[J].Applied Energy,2016,168:146-158.
[12]SIANO P,SARNO D.Assessing the benefits of residential demand response in a real time distribution energy market[J].Applied Energy,2016,161(7):533-551.
[13]PENG C,ZOU J,LIAN L.Dispatching strategies of electric vehicles participating in frequency regulation on power grid:a review[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,68:147-152.
[14]钟庆昌,托马斯·霍尔尼克.新能源接入智能电网的逆变控制关键技术[M].钟庆昌,王晓琳,曹鑫,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2016:248-265.
[15]ZHANG Yingchao,JIN Liping,JING Youquan,et al.Three-level pwm rectifier based high efficiency batteries charger for EV[C]//Proceedings of UEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference(VPPC),IEEE,2013,Beijing,China.
[16]KHODAYAR M E,WU Lei,SHAHIDEHPOUR M.Hourly coordination of electric vehicle operation and volatile wind power generation in SCUC[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1271-1279.
[17]王召健,陈来军,刘锋,等.考虑可控负荷调节能力的多微电网分布式频率控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,40(15):47-52,66.WANG Zhaojian,CHEN Laijun,LIU Feng,et al.Distributed frequency control of multi-microgrids with regulation compacity constraints of controllable loads[J].Automation Electric Power Systems,2016,40(15):47-52,66.
[18]黄頔,樊绍胜,吕志鹏,等.负荷用直流变换器的虚拟直流发电机控制策略研究[J].电力科学与工程,2015,31(4):32-36,42.HUANG Di,FAN Shaosheng,LüZhipeng,et al.Virtual DC generator control strategy for load DC-DC converter[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2015,31(4):32-36,42.
[19]何光辉,张仰飞,陈光宇,等.基于虚拟同步电机的负荷换流器建模及参数设计[J].电力工程技术,2018,37(1):79-85,108.HE Guanghui,ZHANG Yangfei,CHEN Guangyu,et al.Modeling and parameter design of load converter based on virtual synchronous motor[J].Electric Power Engineering Technology,2018,37(1):79-85,108.
[20]范红,董伟杰,白晓民,等.基于虚拟同步电动机技术的变频器控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(15):4446-4453.FAN Hong,DONG Weijie,Bai Xiaomin,et al.Anovel frequency-converter control strategy based on virtual synchronous motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(15):4446-4453.
[21]杨向真,苏建徽,丁明,等.微电网孤岛运行时的频率控制策略[J].电网技术,2010,34(1):164-168.YANG Xiangzhen,SU Jianhui,DING Ming,et al.Research on frequency control for microgrid in islanded operation[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(1):164-168.