清炒方式对西兰花异硫氰酸酯含量及活性的影响
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摘要
西兰花含有硫代葡萄糖苷,经过内源性黑芥子酶酶解可得到有多种生物活性的异硫氰酸酯(isothiocyanates,ITCs)。但是西兰花烹饪过程中黑芥子酶易失活,导致ITCs含量降低。该文研究新鲜西兰花(raw broccoli,RB)、直接炒西兰花(direct stir-fried broccoli,DS)、酶解后再炒的西兰花(hydrolyzed and stir-fried broccoli,HS)中各ITCs含量的差异,并以小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞为对象,研究RB、DS、HS组西兰花提取物对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞抑制作用,以及对B16细胞醌氧化还原酶(quinone oxidoreductase,NQO1)活性的诱导作用。结果表明,RB组提取物中总ITCs含量最高,为(36.22±12.01)mg/100 mg;DS和HS组中ITCs含量分别为(10.64±2.41)mg/100 mg和(30.90±10.88)mg/100 mg,RB组与HS组提取物的含量相比无显著差异(P>0.05),DS组提取物的含量最低。各组西兰花提取物对B16细胞的抑制作用无显著差异(P>0.05);对照组、RB、DS、HS组提取物作用B16细胞后,细胞中NQO1的活性分别为(4.22±1.60)、(19.53±3.59)、(12.58±4.32)、(22.57±3.56)(nmol还原MTT/min/mg蛋白),RB和HS组提取物能显著提高NQO1的活性,与DS组存在显著性的差异(P<0.05)。由此可知,经过酶解后再炒的西兰花ITCs含量和活性与新鲜西兰花相比无显著性差异,该烹饪方法能有效维持西兰花的功能成分和营养价值。
Broccoli contained glucosinolates,which could be hydrolyzed by endogenous myrosinase to obtain isothiocyanates(ITCs). However,myrosinase was easily inactivated during the cooking process,thus the concentration of ITCs decreased after cooking. In this paper,the ITCs contents of the extracts of raw broccoli(RB),direct stir-fried broccoli(DS),hydrolyzed and stir-fried broccoli(HS)were compared and the proliferation inhibitory effects and quinone oxidoreductase(NQO1)induced activities of broccoli extracts of RB,DS and HS groups on mouse melanoma B16 cells were studied. The results showed that the highest content of total ITCs was(36.22±12.01)mg/100 mg in the RB group and the contents of ITCs in the DS and HS groups were(10.64±2.41)mg/100 mg and(30.90±10.88)mg/100 mg,respectively,there were no significant differences in the contents of extracts between the RB and HS groups(P>0.05)and the content of extracts in DS group was the lowest. There were no significant differences in the proliferation inhibitory effect of broccoli extracts on B16 cells(P>0.05). The activities of NQO1 in cells of the control group,RB,DS and HS groups were(4.22±1.60),(19.53±3.59),(12.58±4.32)and(22.57±3.56)(nmoL MTT/min/mg protein),respectively,and the extracts from the RB and HS groups significantly increased the activity of NQO1,which were significant differences with the DS group(P<0.05). Therefore,compared with raw broccoli,the ITCs contents and activities of hydrolyzed and stir-fried broccoli had no significant difference,this cooking method could effectively maintained the functional components and nutritive values of broccoli.
Broccoli contained glucosinolates,which could be hydrolyzed by endogenous myrosinase to obtain isothiocyanates(ITCs). However,myrosinase was easily inactivated during the cooking process,thus the concentration of ITCs decreased after cooking. In this paper,the ITCs contents of the extracts of raw broccoli(RB),direct stir-fried broccoli(DS),hydrolyzed and stir-fried broccoli(HS)were compared and the proliferation inhibitory effects and quinone oxidoreductase(NQO1)induced activities of broccoli extracts of RB,DS and HS groups on mouse melanoma B16 cells were studied. The results showed that the highest content of total ITCs was(36.22±12.01)mg/100 mg in the RB group and the contents of ITCs in the DS and HS groups were(10.64±2.41)mg/100 mg and(30.90±10.88)mg/100 mg,respectively,there were no significant differences in the contents of extracts between the RB and HS groups(P>0.05)and the content of extracts in DS group was the lowest. There were no significant differences in the proliferation inhibitory effect of broccoli extracts on B16 cells(P>0.05). The activities of NQO1 in cells of the control group,RB,DS and HS groups were(4.22±1.60),(19.53±3.59),(12.58±4.32)and(22.57±3.56)(nmoL MTT/min/mg protein),respectively,and the extracts from the RB and HS groups significantly increased the activity of NQO1,which were significant differences with the DS group(P<0.05). Therefore,compared with raw broccoli,the ITCs contents and activities of hydrolyzed and stir-fried broccoli had no significant difference,this cooking method could effectively maintained the functional components and nutritive values of broccoli.
引文
[1]吴元锋,徐维亮,申雨珂,等.萝卜硫素制备及纯化工艺研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(19):381-386
[2]孙艳伟,张泽生,王田心,等.十字花科植物中黑芥子酶的研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(11):216-220
[3]Huang L,Li B L,He C X,et al.Sulforaphane inhibits human bladder cancer cell invasion by reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via directly targeting microRNA-200c/ZEB1 Axis[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2018,41:118-126
[4]沈莲清,苏光耀,王奎武.西兰花种子中硫苷酶解产物萝卜硫素的提纯与抗肿瘤的体外试验研究[J].中国食品学报,2008,8(5):15-21
[5]罗真真,张震,乔亚敏,等.萝卜硫素对结直肠癌SW620细胞增殖、凋亡及迁移的影响[J].郑州大学学报(医学版),2017,52(3):281-284
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[7]Tarozzi A,Angeloni C,Malaguti M,et al.Sulforaphane as a potential protective phytochemical against neurodegenerative diseases[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2013,2013:1-10
[8]Chen Y J,Wallig M A,Jeffery E H.Dietary broccoli lessens development of fatty liver and liver cancer in mice given diethylnitrosamine and fed a Western or control diet[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2016,146(3):542-550
[9]LattéK P,Appel K E,Lampen A.Health benefits and possible risks of broccoli-An overview[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2011,49(12):3287-3309
[10]韩丽,江涛.萝卜硫素激活Nrf2/ARE通路对博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的作用[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2016(12):899-905
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[12]林海鸣,郑晓鹤,周军,等.硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯的抗癌和抗氧化作用进展[J].中国现代应用药学,2015,32(4):513-520
[13]Ludikhuyze L,Ooms V,Weemaes C,et al.Kinetic study of the irreversible thermal and pressure inactivation of myrosinase from broccoli(Brassica oleraceal.cv.italica)[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1999,47(5):1794-1800
[14]Westphal A,Riedl K M,Cooperstone J L,et al.High-pressure processing of broccoli sprouts:influence on bioactivation of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65(39):8578-8585
[15]Verkerk R,Dekker M.Glucosinolates and myrosinase activity in red cabbage(Brassica oleraceal.Var.Capitataf.rubraDC.)after various microwave treatments[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2004,52(24):7318-7323
[16]Zhang Y S,Wade K L,Prestera T,et al.Quantitative determination of isothiocyanates,dithiocarbamates,carbon disulfide,and related thiocarbonyl compounds by cyclocondensation with 1,2-benzenedithiol[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1996,239(2):160-167
[17]吴元锋,毛建卫,袁海娜,等.气质联用分析芸苔属种子水解液中的异硫氰酸盐[J].分析试验室,2008,27(9):53-56
[18]Song L L,Liu H,Ma L Y,et al.Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MAenhances endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells[J].Oncology Letters,2013,6(4):1031-1038
[19]Liu X J,Wang Y L,Hoeflinger J,et al.Dietary broccoli alters rat cecal Microbiota to improve glucoraphanin hydrolysis to bioactive isothiocyanates[J].Nutrients,2017,9(3):262
[20]郭丽萍,王志英,杨润强,等.西兰花种子发芽过程中生理活性物质含量的变化[J].中国食品学报,2016,16(3):160-167
[21]Ghawi S K,Methven L,Niranjan K.The potential to intensify sulforaphane formation in cooked broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica)using mustard seeds(Sinapis alba)[J].Food Chemistry,2013,138(2/3):1734-1741
[22]Dosz E B,Jeffery E H.Modifying the processing and handling of frozen broccoli for increased sulforaphane formation[J].Journal of Food Science,2013,78(9):H1459-H1463
[23]Torres-Contreras A M,Nair V,Cisneros-Zevallos L,et al.Stability of bioactive compounds in broccoli as affected by cutting styles and storage time[J].Molecules,2017,22(4):636
[24]Harris K E,Jeffery E H.Sulforaphane and erucin increase MRP1and MRP2 in human carcinoma cell lines[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2008,19(4):246-254
[25]Ganin H,Rayo J,Amara N,et al.Sulforaphane and erucin,natural isothiocyanates from broccoli,inhibit bacterial quorum sensing[J].Med Chem Commun,2013,4(1):175-179
[26]夏小俊,金中初.NQO1酶及其被氧环境诱导表达的研究进展[J].生理科学进展,2002,33(3):225-229
[27]徐孟川,李述刚,丁玉松,等.葡萄籽原花青素提取物对砷诱导人肝细胞HL-7702损伤的保护作用及其机制[J].食品科学,2018,39(3):176-181
[28]李锋,刘振伟,李庆芝,等.生姜提取物对苯并芘染毒大鼠抗氧化酶及Ⅱ相解毒酶活性的影响[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(12):350-353
[29]王佐,王璐,陈忠正,等.冬凌草甲素诱导小鼠肝癌细胞醌还原酶活性及其机理研究[J].食品科学,2017,38(7):193-200
[30]Zhang Y S,Munday R,Jobson H E,et al.Induction of GST and NQO1 in cultured bladder cells and in the urinary bladders of rats by an extract of broccoli(Brassica oleraceaitalica)sprouts[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2006,54(25):9370-9376
[31]Joseph M.Wu,Ardalan Oraee,Barbara B.Doonan,John T.Pinto,Tzechen Hsieh.Activation of NQO1 in NQO1*2 polymorphic human leukemic HL-60 cells by diet-derived sulforaphane.Experimental Hematology&Oncology,2015,5(1):27
[2]孙艳伟,张泽生,王田心,等.十字花科植物中黑芥子酶的研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(11):216-220
[3]Huang L,Li B L,He C X,et al.Sulforaphane inhibits human bladder cancer cell invasion by reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via directly targeting microRNA-200c/ZEB1 Axis[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2018,41:118-126
[4]沈莲清,苏光耀,王奎武.西兰花种子中硫苷酶解产物萝卜硫素的提纯与抗肿瘤的体外试验研究[J].中国食品学报,2008,8(5):15-21
[5]罗真真,张震,乔亚敏,等.萝卜硫素对结直肠癌SW620细胞增殖、凋亡及迁移的影响[J].郑州大学学报(医学版),2017,52(3):281-284
[6]Bahadoran Z,Mirmiran P,Azizi F.Potential efficacy of broccoli sprouts as a unique supplement for management of type 2 diabetes and its complications[J].Journal of Medicinal Food,2013,16(5):375-382
[7]Tarozzi A,Angeloni C,Malaguti M,et al.Sulforaphane as a potential protective phytochemical against neurodegenerative diseases[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2013,2013:1-10
[8]Chen Y J,Wallig M A,Jeffery E H.Dietary broccoli lessens development of fatty liver and liver cancer in mice given diethylnitrosamine and fed a Western or control diet[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2016,146(3):542-550
[9]LattéK P,Appel K E,Lampen A.Health benefits and possible risks of broccoli-An overview[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2011,49(12):3287-3309
[10]韩丽,江涛.萝卜硫素激活Nrf2/ARE通路对博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的作用[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2016(12):899-905
[11]梁浩,李瑞敏,袁其朋.天然活性异硫氰酸酯类化合物的研究进展[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(2):1-12
[12]林海鸣,郑晓鹤,周军,等.硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯的抗癌和抗氧化作用进展[J].中国现代应用药学,2015,32(4):513-520
[13]Ludikhuyze L,Ooms V,Weemaes C,et al.Kinetic study of the irreversible thermal and pressure inactivation of myrosinase from broccoli(Brassica oleraceal.cv.italica)[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1999,47(5):1794-1800
[14]Westphal A,Riedl K M,Cooperstone J L,et al.High-pressure processing of broccoli sprouts:influence on bioactivation of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65(39):8578-8585
[15]Verkerk R,Dekker M.Glucosinolates and myrosinase activity in red cabbage(Brassica oleraceal.Var.Capitataf.rubraDC.)after various microwave treatments[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2004,52(24):7318-7323
[16]Zhang Y S,Wade K L,Prestera T,et al.Quantitative determination of isothiocyanates,dithiocarbamates,carbon disulfide,and related thiocarbonyl compounds by cyclocondensation with 1,2-benzenedithiol[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1996,239(2):160-167
[17]吴元锋,毛建卫,袁海娜,等.气质联用分析芸苔属种子水解液中的异硫氰酸盐[J].分析试验室,2008,27(9):53-56
[18]Song L L,Liu H,Ma L Y,et al.Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MAenhances endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells[J].Oncology Letters,2013,6(4):1031-1038
[19]Liu X J,Wang Y L,Hoeflinger J,et al.Dietary broccoli alters rat cecal Microbiota to improve glucoraphanin hydrolysis to bioactive isothiocyanates[J].Nutrients,2017,9(3):262
[20]郭丽萍,王志英,杨润强,等.西兰花种子发芽过程中生理活性物质含量的变化[J].中国食品学报,2016,16(3):160-167
[21]Ghawi S K,Methven L,Niranjan K.The potential to intensify sulforaphane formation in cooked broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica)using mustard seeds(Sinapis alba)[J].Food Chemistry,2013,138(2/3):1734-1741
[22]Dosz E B,Jeffery E H.Modifying the processing and handling of frozen broccoli for increased sulforaphane formation[J].Journal of Food Science,2013,78(9):H1459-H1463
[23]Torres-Contreras A M,Nair V,Cisneros-Zevallos L,et al.Stability of bioactive compounds in broccoli as affected by cutting styles and storage time[J].Molecules,2017,22(4):636
[24]Harris K E,Jeffery E H.Sulforaphane and erucin increase MRP1and MRP2 in human carcinoma cell lines[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2008,19(4):246-254
[25]Ganin H,Rayo J,Amara N,et al.Sulforaphane and erucin,natural isothiocyanates from broccoli,inhibit bacterial quorum sensing[J].Med Chem Commun,2013,4(1):175-179
[26]夏小俊,金中初.NQO1酶及其被氧环境诱导表达的研究进展[J].生理科学进展,2002,33(3):225-229
[27]徐孟川,李述刚,丁玉松,等.葡萄籽原花青素提取物对砷诱导人肝细胞HL-7702损伤的保护作用及其机制[J].食品科学,2018,39(3):176-181
[28]李锋,刘振伟,李庆芝,等.生姜提取物对苯并芘染毒大鼠抗氧化酶及Ⅱ相解毒酶活性的影响[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(12):350-353
[29]王佐,王璐,陈忠正,等.冬凌草甲素诱导小鼠肝癌细胞醌还原酶活性及其机理研究[J].食品科学,2017,38(7):193-200
[30]Zhang Y S,Munday R,Jobson H E,et al.Induction of GST and NQO1 in cultured bladder cells and in the urinary bladders of rats by an extract of broccoli(Brassica oleraceaitalica)sprouts[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2006,54(25):9370-9376
[31]Joseph M.Wu,Ardalan Oraee,Barbara B.Doonan,John T.Pinto,Tzechen Hsieh.Activation of NQO1 in NQO1*2 polymorphic human leukemic HL-60 cells by diet-derived sulforaphane.Experimental Hematology&Oncology,2015,5(1):27