生物质炭与过氧化钙对旱地红壤氮素转化及N_2O排放的影响
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摘要
在旱地红壤中添加生物质炭和过氧化钙,探究生物质炭和过氧化钙对旱地红壤氮素转化及N_2O排放的影响。试验共设置4个处理,即CK(对照)、Ca(过氧化钙,1.72(g·kg~(-1)))、C(生物质炭,21.46(g·kg~(-1)))、C+Ca(生物质炭,21.46(g·kg~(-1));过氧化钙,1.72(g·kg~(-1)))。结果表明,添加生物质炭和过氧化钙均能提高旱地红壤平p H值,增加0.14~0.56个单位;降低土壤氮矿化量、净氮矿化速率和净硝化速率,特别是NO3--N含量,抑制土壤硝化作用。添加生物质炭和过氧化钙能减少旱地红壤N_2O气体排放,且配施(C+Ca)效果更显著。因此,生物质炭和过氧化钙在一定程度上有效降低土壤氮矿化量、净氮矿化速率和净硝化速率,从而影响温室气体N_2O排放。
A laboratory experiment was conducted to explore the effect of biochar and calcium peroxide on nitrogen transformation and the emissions of N_2O in upland red soil.Four treatments are set in the experiment,which include CK(control),Ca(calcium peroxide,1.72 g·kg~(-1)),C(biochar,21.46 g·kg~(-1)),C+Ca(biochar,21.46 g·kg~(-1) and calcium peroxide,1.72 g·kg~(-1)).The results show that the p H of the red soil raised 0.14 to 0.56 units,the nitrogen mineralization,net nitrogen mineralization rate,and net mineralization rate,especially the NO3--N content of soils were reduced under biochar and calcium peroxide,especially combined application(C+Ca)) had the best effect.Single application of biochar or calcium peroxide could reduce N_2O emission,and combined application(C+Ca) has the most significant effect on the emission reduction of N_2O.Therefore,biochar and calcium peroxide can effectively reduce the nitrogen mineralization,net nitrogen mineralization rate,and net mineralization rate to a certain extent,which affect the greenhouse gas emissions of N_2O.
A laboratory experiment was conducted to explore the effect of biochar and calcium peroxide on nitrogen transformation and the emissions of N_2O in upland red soil.Four treatments are set in the experiment,which include CK(control),Ca(calcium peroxide,1.72 g·kg~(-1)),C(biochar,21.46 g·kg~(-1)),C+Ca(biochar,21.46 g·kg~(-1) and calcium peroxide,1.72 g·kg~(-1)).The results show that the p H of the red soil raised 0.14 to 0.56 units,the nitrogen mineralization,net nitrogen mineralization rate,and net mineralization rate,especially the NO3--N content of soils were reduced under biochar and calcium peroxide,especially combined application(C+Ca)) had the best effect.Single application of biochar or calcium peroxide could reduce N_2O emission,and combined application(C+Ca) has the most significant effect on the emission reduction of N_2O.Therefore,biochar and calcium peroxide can effectively reduce the nitrogen mineralization,net nitrogen mineralization rate,and net mineralization rate to a certain extent,which affect the greenhouse gas emissions of N_2O.
引文
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[29]Clough T J,Condron L M,Kammann C,et al.A review of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics[J].Agronomy,2013,3(2):275-293.
[30]罗煜,赵小蓉,李贵桐,等.生物质炭对不同p H值土壤矿质氮含量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):166-173.
[31]Dempster D N,Gleeson D B,Solaiman Z M,et al.Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biaochar addition a coarse textured soil[J].Plant and Soil,2012,354(1):311-324.
[32]朱继荣,韦绪好,祝鹏飞,等.施用生物炭抑制塌陷区复垦土壤硝化作用[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):264-271.
[33]邢英,李心清,周志红,等.生物炭对水体中铵氮的吸附特征及其动力学研究[J].地球与环境,2011,39(4):511-516.
[34]Sarkhot D V,Berhe A A,Ghezzehei T A.Impact of biochar enriched with dairy mannure effluent on carbon and nitrogen dynamics[J].Journal of environmental quality,2013,41(4):1107-1114.
[35]Deenik J L,Mcclellan T,Uehara G et al.Charcoal volatile matter content influences plant growth and soil nitrogen transformations[J].Soil society of America journal,2010,74(4):1259-1270.
[36]Strauss E A,Mitchell N L,Lamberti G A.Factors regulating nitrification in aquatic sedimants:effects of organic carbon,nitrogen availability,and p H[J].Canadian journal of fisheries aquatic sciences,2002,59(3):554-563.
[37]Case S D C,Whitaker J,Mcnamara N P,et al.Biochar suppression of N2O emissions from an agricultural soil:effects and potential mechanisms[C]//EGU General Assembly Conference.EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts,2012:994.
[38]Kremen A,Bear J,Shavit U,et al.Model demonstrating the potential for coupled nitrification denitrification in soil aggregates.[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(11):4180-4188.
[39]邱虎森,王翠红,盛浩.生物质炭对土壤温室气体排放影响机制探讨[J].湖南农业科学,2012(11):49-52.
[40]花莉,唐志刚,解井坤,等.生物质炭对农田温室气体排放的作用效应及其影响因素探讨[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):1068-1073.
[41]Singh B P,Hatton B J,Balwant S,et al.Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2010,39(4):1224-1235.
[42]张玉铭,胡春胜,张佳宝,等.农田土壤主要温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)的源/汇强度及其温室效应研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(4):966-975.
[43]何志龙,夏文建,周维,等.添加秸秆生物质炭对酸化茶园土壤N2O和CO2排放的短期影响研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(7):1230-1236.
[2]Kolberg R L,Rouppet B,Westfall D G,et al.Evaluation of an in situ net soil nitrogen mineralization method in dry land agroecosystems[J].Soil science society of America journal,1997,61(2):504-508.
[3]Di H J,Cameron K C,Mclaren R G.Isotopic dilution methods to determine the gross transformation rates of nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur in soil:a review of the theory,methodologies,and limitions[J].Australian journal od soil research,2000,38(38):213-230.
[4]王敬,程谊,蔡祖聪,等.长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):16-28.
[5]周桂玉,窦森,刘世杰.生物质炭结构性质及其对土壤有效养分和腐殖质组成的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10):2075-2080.
[6]Peng X Y,Ye L L,Wang C H,et al.temperuration-dependent rice straw-dervied biochar:characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an ultisol in southern China[J].Soil tillage research,2011,112(2):159-166.
[7]Rees F,Simonnot M O,Morael J L.Short-term effects of biochar on soil heavy metal mobility are controlled by intraparticle diffusion and soil p H increase[J].European journal of soil science,2014,65(1):149-161.
[8]张斌,刘晓雨,潘根兴,等.施用生物质炭后稻田土壤性质、水稻产量和痕量温室气体排放的变化[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4844-4853.
[9]盖霞普,刘宏斌,翟丽梅,等.玉米秸秆生物炭对土壤无机氮素淋失风险的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(2):310-318.
[10]Case S D C,Mcnamara N P,Reay D S,et al.Can biochar reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions from a Miscanthus bioenergy crop[J].Global change biology bioenergy,2014,6(1):76-89.
[11]徐秋桐,邱志腾,章明奎.生物质炭对不同p H土壤中碳氮磷的转化与形态的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2014,40(3):303-313.
[12]Yang F,Cao X,Gao B,etal.Short-term effects of rice straw biochar on sorption,emission,and transformation of soil NH4+-N[J].Environmental science pollution research,2015,22(12):9184-9192.
[13]程效义,刘晓琳,孟军,等.生物炭对棕壤NH3挥发、N2O排放及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):801-807.
[14]Nelissen V,Rtting T,Huygens D,et al.Temporal evolution of biochar’s impact on soil nitrogen processes-a15-N tracing study[J].Global change biology bioenergy,2015,7(4):635-645.
[15]陈玉真,王峰,吴志丹,等.添加生物质炭对酸性茶园土壤p H和氮素转化的影响[J].茶叶学报,2016,57(2):64-70.
[16]王丽渊,丁松爽,刘国顺.生物质炭土壤改良效应研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(3):1-6.
[17]李松,李海丽,方晓波,等.生物质炭输入减少稻田痕量温室气体排放[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(21):234-240.
[18]袁颖红,张文锋,周际海,等.改良剂对旱地红壤活性有机碳及土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(5):909-918.
[19]Chen H,Wang M,Wu N,et al.Nitrous oxide fluxes from the littoral zone of a lake on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2011,182(1-4):545.
[20]陈哲,韩瑞芸,杨世琦,等.东北季节性冻融农田土壤CO2、CH4、N2O通量特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(2):387-395.
[21]马芬,马红亮,邱泓,等.水分状况与不同形态氮添加对亚热带森林土壤氮素净转化速率及N2O排放的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):379-387.
[22]Chen H,Wang M,Wu N,et al.Nitrous oxide fluxes from the littoral zone of a lake on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2011,182(1-4):545.
[23]Wei Y L,Chao M L,Guang R K,et al.The effects of woodchip biochar application on crop yield,carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions from soils planted with rice or leaf beet[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2013,44:1039-1044.
[24]陈义群,董元华.土壤改良剂的研究与应用进展[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1282-1289.
[25]卢再亮,李九玉,徐仁扣.钢渣与生物质炭配合施用对红壤酸度的改良效果[J].土壤,2013,45(4):722-726.
[26]Hossain M K,Strezov V,Chan K Y et al.Agronomic properties of wastewater sludge biochar and bioavaility of metals in production of cherry tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum)[J].Chemosphere,2010,78(9):1167-1171.
[27]Ding Y,Liu Y X,Wu W X,et al.Evaluation of biochar effects om nitrogen retention and leaching in multi-layered soil columns[J].Water air soil pollution,2010,213(1):47-55.
[28]Xie Z,Xu Y,Liu G,et al.Impact of biochar application on nitrogen nutrition of rice,greenhouse-gas emissions and soil organic carbon dynamics in two paddy soils of China[J].Plant and Soil,2013,370(1-2):527-540.
[29]Clough T J,Condron L M,Kammann C,et al.A review of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics[J].Agronomy,2013,3(2):275-293.
[30]罗煜,赵小蓉,李贵桐,等.生物质炭对不同p H值土壤矿质氮含量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):166-173.
[31]Dempster D N,Gleeson D B,Solaiman Z M,et al.Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biaochar addition a coarse textured soil[J].Plant and Soil,2012,354(1):311-324.
[32]朱继荣,韦绪好,祝鹏飞,等.施用生物炭抑制塌陷区复垦土壤硝化作用[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):264-271.
[33]邢英,李心清,周志红,等.生物炭对水体中铵氮的吸附特征及其动力学研究[J].地球与环境,2011,39(4):511-516.
[34]Sarkhot D V,Berhe A A,Ghezzehei T A.Impact of biochar enriched with dairy mannure effluent on carbon and nitrogen dynamics[J].Journal of environmental quality,2013,41(4):1107-1114.
[35]Deenik J L,Mcclellan T,Uehara G et al.Charcoal volatile matter content influences plant growth and soil nitrogen transformations[J].Soil society of America journal,2010,74(4):1259-1270.
[36]Strauss E A,Mitchell N L,Lamberti G A.Factors regulating nitrification in aquatic sedimants:effects of organic carbon,nitrogen availability,and p H[J].Canadian journal of fisheries aquatic sciences,2002,59(3):554-563.
[37]Case S D C,Whitaker J,Mcnamara N P,et al.Biochar suppression of N2O emissions from an agricultural soil:effects and potential mechanisms[C]//EGU General Assembly Conference.EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts,2012:994.
[38]Kremen A,Bear J,Shavit U,et al.Model demonstrating the potential for coupled nitrification denitrification in soil aggregates.[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(11):4180-4188.
[39]邱虎森,王翠红,盛浩.生物质炭对土壤温室气体排放影响机制探讨[J].湖南农业科学,2012(11):49-52.
[40]花莉,唐志刚,解井坤,等.生物质炭对农田温室气体排放的作用效应及其影响因素探讨[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):1068-1073.
[41]Singh B P,Hatton B J,Balwant S,et al.Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2010,39(4):1224-1235.
[42]张玉铭,胡春胜,张佳宝,等.农田土壤主要温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)的源/汇强度及其温室效应研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(4):966-975.
[43]何志龙,夏文建,周维,等.添加秸秆生物质炭对酸化茶园土壤N2O和CO2排放的短期影响研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(7):1230-1236.