侧风强度对椭圆形油罐车气动特性影响规律的数值研究
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摘要
工程车辆在长途运输中经常受到侧风的威胁,以东风某型加油车的外部流场为研究对象,采用横摆模型法布置计算域并建立计算域的三维模型,研究椭圆形油罐车的气动特性随侧风强度变化的规律。分析发现:随着侧风强度的增大,油罐车行驶中所受的横摆力、纵倾力和横摆力矩数值均会明显增大,并且车体部位对行驶阻力有不同的贡献:车头对整车行驶阻力的贡献逐渐减小;罐车连接处和油罐尾部造成的阻力相近并变化一致,都正比于侧风强度,强侧风时阻力甚至超过车头;轮胎对阻力贡献最小且基本不变。研究成果为强风中工程车辆安全行驶及油罐车车型降阻改型方向提供了重要参考。
Engineering vehicles are often subject to cross wind during long distance transportation, the external flow field of oil tanker is taked as the research object, the yaw model method was used to assign the computational domain and build its 3D model, and the dynamic characteristics variation rules of elliptical tanker gas with the intensity of crosswind was studied. The result show that with the increase of crosswind intensity the value of the yaw force, longitudinal bend force and yaw moment of the driving tanker increased significantly, and different parts have variable contribution to the driving resistance. The contribution of the front to the total resistance is gradually reduced with increasing crosswind. The resistances caused by the connection point and the tank tail are similar and proportional to the crosswind intensity, and even more than the front with strong crosswind. The resistance contribution cause by tires is minimal and basically the same. These results provide important reference for the safe driving of tanker and the improving direction of reducing driving resistance.
Engineering vehicles are often subject to cross wind during long distance transportation, the external flow field of oil tanker is taked as the research object, the yaw model method was used to assign the computational domain and build its 3D model, and the dynamic characteristics variation rules of elliptical tanker gas with the intensity of crosswind was studied. The result show that with the increase of crosswind intensity the value of the yaw force, longitudinal bend force and yaw moment of the driving tanker increased significantly, and different parts have variable contribution to the driving resistance. The contribution of the front to the total resistance is gradually reduced with increasing crosswind. The resistances caused by the connection point and the tank tail are similar and proportional to the crosswind intensity, and even more than the front with strong crosswind. The resistance contribution cause by tires is minimal and basically the same. These results provide important reference for the safe driving of tanker and the improving direction of reducing driving resistance.
引文
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[20]崔运静,彭恩亮.不同角度侧风状态下油罐车的气动特性仿真研究[J].公路与汽运,2015,167(3):23-26.
[2]时晓杰,何杰,李培庆,等.侧风影响下车辆侧翻倾向性虚拟试验研究[J].机械设计,2014,31(6):92-96.
[3]李雪冰,杨征,张继业,等.强风中高速列车空气动力学性能[J].交通运输工程学报,2009,9(2):66-73.
[4]郭孔辉,刘明辉,林伯忠.高速汽车侧风响应仿真与影响侧风稳定性的结构参数分析[J].吉林大学学报,1994,24(4):1-8.
[5]吴军.汽车外流场湍流模型与菱形新概念车气动特性的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2005.
[6]杨天军.超车过程中汽车瞬态空气动力学研究[D].洛阳:河南科技大学,2009.
[7]谷正气,汤柱良,陈阵,等.基于动网格技术的风挡除霜新方法的数值模拟[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2015,42(2):1-7.
[8]谷正气,赵万东,张勇,等.网格质量评价指标对汽车外流场模拟结果影响的研究[J].汽车工程,2015,37(11):1265-1269.
[9]杨易,刘政,谷正气,等.MIRA阶梯背模型尾部非光滑表面优化设计方法[J].重庆大学学报,2015,38(4):10-17.
[10]杨瀚博,胡兴军,安阳.基于顶部与侧部扰流器的轿车气动减阻[J].江苏大学学报:自然科学版,2015,36(5):504-508.
[11]李胜,陈存福,赵娥,等.甩挂运输对重型载货汽车气动性能的影响[J].山东理工大学学报:自然科学版,2014,28(4):5-10.
[12]胡兴军,李腾飞,王靖宇,等.尾板对重型载货汽车尾部流场的影响[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2013,43(3):595-601.
[13]王靖宇,胡兴军,傅立敏.底部上翘角对轻型客车气动特性影响的数值模拟[J].重庆工学院学报:自然科学版,2008,22(9):5-9.
[14]傅立敏,贺宝琴,吴允柱,等.队列行驶车辆间距对气动特性的影响[J].汽车工程,2007,29(5):365-368.
[15]王靖宇,王保玉,顾庆童,等.弯道会车的瞬态气动特性[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(5):759-764.
[16]王靖宇,王泽伟,顾庆童,等.弯道行驶车辆瞬态气动特性的数值模拟[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2015,45(1):44-48.
[17]胡兴军,杨博,王靖宇,等.横向间距对超车气动特性影响的动态模拟[C]//2010中国汽车工程学会年会论文集,长春,2010:1414-1418.
[18]傅立敏,吴允柱,贺宝琴.超车过程的车辆气动特性仿真研究[J].中国机械工程,2007,18(5):621-625.
[19]王夫亮,傅立敏,胡兴军,等.不同强度侧风对轿车气动特性影响的瞬态数值模拟研究[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2008,38(S2):19-22.
[20]崔运静,彭恩亮.不同角度侧风状态下油罐车的气动特性仿真研究[J].公路与汽运,2015,167(3):23-26.