齿条齿侧变形对齿条传动的影响
|
摘要
制造工艺或载荷等会导致齿条发生弯曲变形,影响齿轮齿条的正常传动。为此,对齿条齿侧弯曲进行几何分析,建立了齿条齿侧弯曲有限元模型,提出了一种传动重合度与齿廓干涉相结合为判断依据的弯曲检验方法。通过有限元方法与几何方法验证了弯曲齿条对齿轮齿条传动的影响。研究结果表明:当齿条沿齿侧方向弯曲时,在齿轮齿根处会发生应力集中现象,应尽量减小齿侧方向的载荷;当齿条齿侧受弯矩而弯曲时,即使齿条变形微小,也会对齿轮造成极大损伤;齿条沿齿侧方向弯曲后,齿条弯曲方向齿侧齿间距减小,重合度随之降低,应使重合度满足许用值要求;对于与弯曲方向相反的齿侧,应避免齿间距增加产生齿廓干涉;齿宽越小,齿条弯曲角度越小,齿条越长,变形量越大。建议加大长齿条齿宽,并采取分节安装等措施避免齿条弯曲长度过大。研究结果可为弯曲情况下齿条的传动研究提供理论参考。
Manufacturing processes or loads can cause bending deformation of the rack and affect the normal transmission of the rack and pinion. To address the problem, the geometric analysis on the side bending of the rack is carried out. The finite element model of the side bending of the rack is established. A bending test method based on the combination of the transmission coincidence degree and the rack profile interference is proposed. The results show that when the rack is bent in the side direction, stress concentration occurs at the tooth root of the gear. The load in the side direction should be minimized. When the rack side bending is caused by the bending moment, even small rack deformation could result in great gear damage. After the rack is bent in the side direction, the tooth spacing on the bending side is reduced, which result in reduced coincidence degree. The coincidence degree should meet the requirement of allowable value. The rack side opposite the bending side should avoid the increase of the tooth pitch to result in the tooth profile interference. Larger tooth width leads to smaller rack bending angle. Longer rack results in larger rack deformation amount. It is recommended to increase the rack width and apply sectional rack installation to avoid excessive bending length. The study could provide a theoretical reference for the research of the transmission of the rack under bending.
Manufacturing processes or loads can cause bending deformation of the rack and affect the normal transmission of the rack and pinion. To address the problem, the geometric analysis on the side bending of the rack is carried out. The finite element model of the side bending of the rack is established. A bending test method based on the combination of the transmission coincidence degree and the rack profile interference is proposed. The results show that when the rack is bent in the side direction, stress concentration occurs at the tooth root of the gear. The load in the side direction should be minimized. When the rack side bending is caused by the bending moment, even small rack deformation could result in great gear damage. After the rack is bent in the side direction, the tooth spacing on the bending side is reduced, which result in reduced coincidence degree. The coincidence degree should meet the requirement of allowable value. The rack side opposite the bending side should avoid the increase of the tooth pitch to result in the tooth profile interference. Larger tooth width leads to smaller rack bending angle. Longer rack results in larger rack deformation amount. It is recommended to increase the rack width and apply sectional rack installation to avoid excessive bending length. The study could provide a theoretical reference for the research of the transmission of the rack under bending.
引文
[1] 阳培,刘忠明,王长路.大模数齿轮齿条承载能力影响因素分析[J].机械传动,2009,33(5):27-31.YANG P,LIU Z M,WANG C L.Analysis of influencing factors on load-bearing capacity of large modulus gear and rack [J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2009,33(5):27-31.
[2] 李永祥,王振,王明旭,等.大模数齿轮齿条弯曲疲劳强度的探讨[J].机械传动,2012,36(10):1-3.LI Y X,WANG Z,WANG M X.et al.Discussion of large modulus gear-rack bending fatigue strength[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2012,36(10):1-3.
[3] 叶福民,孟淼.自升式海洋平台齿轮齿条接触强度分析[J].计算机仿真,2017,34(11):280-284.YE F M,MENG M.Analysis of contact strength of gear and rack in self elevating offshore platform[J].Computer Simulation,2017,34(11):280-284.
[4] 刘伟.基于有限元的齿条弯曲分析及优化应用[J].机械工程与自动化,2018(3):43-45.LIU W.Bending analysis and optimization applications of racks based on finite element method[J].Mechanical Engineering & Automation,2018(3):43-45
[5] MAJTENYI J,BENKE M,MERTINGER V,et al.The effect of quenching temperature and polishing force on the residual stress and deformation of rack bar semi-products[J].Materials Science Forum,2017,885:1-6.
[6] TRIANTAFYLLIDIS G K,ANTONIOU A S.Investigation of the failure mechanism by bending of a rack steering gear[J].Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention,2011,11(4):379-384.
[7] 冯定,亢博文,施雷,等.大模数重载齿轮齿条接触强度分析[J].石油机械,2018,46(8):14-19.FENG D,KANG B W,SHI L,et al.Analysis of contact strength of large module heavy load rack and pinion[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(8):14-19.
[8] 蔡俊.齿轮齿条钻机系统动力学研究[D].荆州:长江大学,2016.CAI J.A dynamics research of rack and pinion drill rig system[D].Jingzhou:Yangtze University,2016.
[9] 冯定,杨行,冯一璟,等.基于Matlab的渐开线少齿差行星齿轮变位系数取值方法研究[J].机械传动,2017,41(7):18-21.FENG D,YANG H,FENG Y J.et al.Research of the method of selection of modification coefficient value of the planetary involute gear[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2017,41(7):18-21.
[10] MARANO D,PIANTONI A,TABAGLIO L,et al.Effects of gear manufacturing errors on rack and pinion steering meshing[C]//First World Congress on Condition Monitoring,London,June 2017.
[11] 李春生.交流变频电动顶驱系统下齿轮箱体的结构优化[J].石油机械,2017,45(8):26-30.LI C S.Structure Optimization of lower gear box of ac variable frequency electric top drive system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(8):26-30.
[2] 李永祥,王振,王明旭,等.大模数齿轮齿条弯曲疲劳强度的探讨[J].机械传动,2012,36(10):1-3.LI Y X,WANG Z,WANG M X.et al.Discussion of large modulus gear-rack bending fatigue strength[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2012,36(10):1-3.
[3] 叶福民,孟淼.自升式海洋平台齿轮齿条接触强度分析[J].计算机仿真,2017,34(11):280-284.YE F M,MENG M.Analysis of contact strength of gear and rack in self elevating offshore platform[J].Computer Simulation,2017,34(11):280-284.
[4] 刘伟.基于有限元的齿条弯曲分析及优化应用[J].机械工程与自动化,2018(3):43-45.LIU W.Bending analysis and optimization applications of racks based on finite element method[J].Mechanical Engineering & Automation,2018(3):43-45
[5] MAJTENYI J,BENKE M,MERTINGER V,et al.The effect of quenching temperature and polishing force on the residual stress and deformation of rack bar semi-products[J].Materials Science Forum,2017,885:1-6.
[6] TRIANTAFYLLIDIS G K,ANTONIOU A S.Investigation of the failure mechanism by bending of a rack steering gear[J].Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention,2011,11(4):379-384.
[7] 冯定,亢博文,施雷,等.大模数重载齿轮齿条接触强度分析[J].石油机械,2018,46(8):14-19.FENG D,KANG B W,SHI L,et al.Analysis of contact strength of large module heavy load rack and pinion[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(8):14-19.
[8] 蔡俊.齿轮齿条钻机系统动力学研究[D].荆州:长江大学,2016.CAI J.A dynamics research of rack and pinion drill rig system[D].Jingzhou:Yangtze University,2016.
[9] 冯定,杨行,冯一璟,等.基于Matlab的渐开线少齿差行星齿轮变位系数取值方法研究[J].机械传动,2017,41(7):18-21.FENG D,YANG H,FENG Y J.et al.Research of the method of selection of modification coefficient value of the planetary involute gear[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2017,41(7):18-21.
[10] MARANO D,PIANTONI A,TABAGLIO L,et al.Effects of gear manufacturing errors on rack and pinion steering meshing[C]//First World Congress on Condition Monitoring,London,June 2017.
[11] 李春生.交流变频电动顶驱系统下齿轮箱体的结构优化[J].石油机械,2017,45(8):26-30.LI C S.Structure Optimization of lower gear box of ac variable frequency electric top drive system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(8):26-30.