基于CAVE2的森林虚拟仿真系统应用研究
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摘要
将CAVE2沉浸式虚拟仿真硬件与森林经营管理需求相结合,设计与实现了基于CAVE2的森林虚拟仿真系统,为开展森林经营管理活动提供了虚拟仿真平台。分析了CAVE2硬件系统性能与特征,提出了研发系统总体结构。分别设计了树木形态结构、森林景观、森林生长与森林经营模拟4个系统模块功能与实现流程,利用Unity三维开发引擎,实现了软件系统的研发。以杉木人工林样地为实验对象,开展了系统应用。结果表明:该方法有效实现了CAVE2虚拟现实硬件系统与Unity可视化模拟软件系统的集成,可在沉浸式三维虚拟仿真环境内开展交互式森林经营与生长预估可视化模拟。该森林虚拟仿真系统具有沉浸感与交互性,可为森林管理提供新的科研与应用平台,可用于指导森林经营实践。
Combining CAVE2 immersive virtual simulation hardware with forest management requirements,a forest virtual simulation system based on CAVE2 was designed and realized,which provided a virtual simulation platform for forest management.The performance and characteristics of CAVE2 hardware system were analyzed,and the overall structure of the developed system was presented.The functions and realization flows of four system modules that were tree morphology and structure,forest landscape,forest growth and forest management simulation,were designed separately.The software system was developed by using the Unity three-dimensional development engine.Taking a sample plot of Chinese fir plantation as the experimental object,system application was carried out.The results showed that this method effectively realized the integration of CAVE2 virtual reality hardware system and Unity visual simulation software system,and could carry out the visual simulation of interactive forest management and growth prediction in immersive three-dimensional virtual simulation environment.This virtual simulation system with immersion and interaction can provide a new scientific research and application platform for forest management,and can be used to guide forest management practices.
Combining CAVE2 immersive virtual simulation hardware with forest management requirements,a forest virtual simulation system based on CAVE2 was designed and realized,which provided a virtual simulation platform for forest management.The performance and characteristics of CAVE2 hardware system were analyzed,and the overall structure of the developed system was presented.The functions and realization flows of four system modules that were tree morphology and structure,forest landscape,forest growth and forest management simulation,were designed separately.The software system was developed by using the Unity three-dimensional development engine.Taking a sample plot of Chinese fir plantation as the experimental object,system application was carried out.The results showed that this method effectively realized the integration of CAVE2 virtual reality hardware system and Unity visual simulation software system,and could carry out the visual simulation of interactive forest management and growth prediction in immersive three-dimensional virtual simulation environment.This virtual simulation system with immersion and interaction can provide a new scientific research and application platform for forest management,and can be used to guide forest management practices.
引文
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[2] 白静,张怀清,刘闽.合轴分枝树木可视化模拟系统设计与实现[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(6):729-733.
[3] 常敏.基于实测数据和经验模型的单木可视化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2005.
[4] 刘兆刚,李凤日.樟子松人工林树冠结构模型及三维图形可视化模拟[J].林业科学,2009,45(6):54-61.
[5] Fabrika M.Virtual forest stand as a component of sophisticated forestry educational systems[J].Journal of Forest Science,2003,49(9):419-428.
[6] Larsen D R,Scott I.TheSylview graphical interface to the Sylvan stand structure model with examples from southern bottomland hardwood forests[C]// Proceedings of the 14th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference.Asheville:Southern Research Station,USDA Forest Service,2010:434-436.
[7] 董灵波,刘兆刚.基于形态结构特征参数的樟子松人工林单木可视化研究[J].北京林业大学报,2011,33(5):20-27.
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[13] Fabrika M,Valent P,Scheer L.Thinning trainer based on forest-growth model,virtual reality and computer-aided virtual environment[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2018,100:11-23.
[14] 车风.黄丰桥国有林场经营可视化系统研建[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2009.
[15] 杨英奎.基于多目标经营的落叶松决策支持系统研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[16] ZhangZhida,Fu Liwen,Zhuang Zuofeng.State forest administration and management system reform in Austria and Germany and experiences for China reference[J].Chinese Forestry Science and Technology,2009,8(1):41-46.
[17] 徐海.天然红松阔叶林经营可视化研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[18] Hummel S,Kennedy M,Steel E A.Assessing forest vegetation and fire simulation model performance after the Cold Springs wildfire,Washington USA[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2013,287:40-52.
[19] Gilmore D W.To thin or not to thin:using the forest vegetation simulator to evaluate thinning of Aspen[J].Northern Journal of Applied Forestry,2003,20(1):14-18.
[20] LI Yongliang,ZHANG Huaiqing,JU Hongbo,et al.Visual simulation of quantitative thinning in Chinese fir plantation based on Workflow Foundation[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2015,31(3):339-349.
[21] 蒋娴,张怀清,贺姗姗,等.林分可视化模拟系统的设计[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(4):597-602.
[22] 刘海.大规模森林景观可视化模拟技术研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[23] Stoltman A M,Radeloff V C,Mladenoff D J.Computer visualization of pre-settlement and current forests in Wisconsin[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,246(2-3):135-143.
[24] 刘真余,芮小平,董承玮.森林三维真实感建模与可视化LOD技术研究[J].中国科学院大学学报,2011,28(3):322-327.
[25] Lim E M,Honjo T.Three-dimensional visualization forest of landscapes by VRML[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,63(3):175-186.
[26] 吕勇.杉木人工林生长率模型的研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(1):146-149.
[27] 吕勇,李际平,张晓蕾.会同杉木人工林的树高分布模型[J].中南林学院学报,1999,19(1):68-70.
[28] 马载阳.基于空间结构单元的杉木生长可视化模拟技术[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2018.
[2] 白静,张怀清,刘闽.合轴分枝树木可视化模拟系统设计与实现[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(6):729-733.
[3] 常敏.基于实测数据和经验模型的单木可视化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2005.
[4] 刘兆刚,李凤日.樟子松人工林树冠结构模型及三维图形可视化模拟[J].林业科学,2009,45(6):54-61.
[5] Fabrika M.Virtual forest stand as a component of sophisticated forestry educational systems[J].Journal of Forest Science,2003,49(9):419-428.
[6] Larsen D R,Scott I.TheSylview graphical interface to the Sylvan stand structure model with examples from southern bottomland hardwood forests[C]// Proceedings of the 14th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference.Asheville:Southern Research Station,USDA Forest Service,2010:434-436.
[7] 董灵波,刘兆刚.基于形态结构特征参数的樟子松人工林单木可视化研究[J].北京林业大学报,2011,33(5):20-27.
[8] 张晔珵.基于树冠竞争指数的杉木人工林生长可视化模拟研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[9] 雷相东,常敏,陆元昌,等.长白落叶松单木生长可视化系统设计与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,42(17):180-183.
[10] 赵庆丹,罗传文,孙海洪,等.基于OpenGL和VC的树木三维可视化模拟实现[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(11):54-57.
[11] 代劲松,曹林,陈雷,等.基于FORECAST模型的油茶林分可视化生长模拟[J].林业工程学报,2012,26(4):53-57.
[12] 权兵,唐丽玉,陈崇成,等.虚拟地理环境下的林分生长可视化研究[J].森林与环境学报,2004,24(3):224-228.
[13] Fabrika M,Valent P,Scheer L.Thinning trainer based on forest-growth model,virtual reality and computer-aided virtual environment[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2018,100:11-23.
[14] 车风.黄丰桥国有林场经营可视化系统研建[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2009.
[15] 杨英奎.基于多目标经营的落叶松决策支持系统研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[16] ZhangZhida,Fu Liwen,Zhuang Zuofeng.State forest administration and management system reform in Austria and Germany and experiences for China reference[J].Chinese Forestry Science and Technology,2009,8(1):41-46.
[17] 徐海.天然红松阔叶林经营可视化研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[18] Hummel S,Kennedy M,Steel E A.Assessing forest vegetation and fire simulation model performance after the Cold Springs wildfire,Washington USA[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2013,287:40-52.
[19] Gilmore D W.To thin or not to thin:using the forest vegetation simulator to evaluate thinning of Aspen[J].Northern Journal of Applied Forestry,2003,20(1):14-18.
[20] LI Yongliang,ZHANG Huaiqing,JU Hongbo,et al.Visual simulation of quantitative thinning in Chinese fir plantation based on Workflow Foundation[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2015,31(3):339-349.
[21] 蒋娴,张怀清,贺姗姗,等.林分可视化模拟系统的设计[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(4):597-602.
[22] 刘海.大规模森林景观可视化模拟技术研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[23] Stoltman A M,Radeloff V C,Mladenoff D J.Computer visualization of pre-settlement and current forests in Wisconsin[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,246(2-3):135-143.
[24] 刘真余,芮小平,董承玮.森林三维真实感建模与可视化LOD技术研究[J].中国科学院大学学报,2011,28(3):322-327.
[25] Lim E M,Honjo T.Three-dimensional visualization forest of landscapes by VRML[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,63(3):175-186.
[26] 吕勇.杉木人工林生长率模型的研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(1):146-149.
[27] 吕勇,李际平,张晓蕾.会同杉木人工林的树高分布模型[J].中南林学院学报,1999,19(1):68-70.
[28] 马载阳.基于空间结构单元的杉木生长可视化模拟技术[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2018.