宁波市某人工泻湖浮游生物变化特征及影响因素分析
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摘要
以宁波市北仑区梅山水道形成的人工泻湖为研究对象,在不同季节进行水质及浮游生物调查,分析其浮游生物时空分布特征与水质的关系。4个采样点共检出浮游植物66种,以硅藻为绝对优势种,检出浮游动物25种,主要为桡足类、少量轮虫及网纹虫;拦坝后水道内浮游生物密度有了数量级增长,各项生物评价指数降低,但各采样点仍处于中污染水平。监测理化参数表明,研究水域在拦坝后盐度下降、悬浮物浓度下降,氮磷含量无明显变化;水域大部分点位处于中度富营养化水平。结合浮游生物分布与理化参数进行分析,发现堤坝合龙后,水道内侧海水淡化、悬浮物含量下降,导致浮游生物密度上升、生物多样性下降、出现淡水优势种群;营养盐含量不是浮游生物生长的限制因子,对浮游生物分布无显著影响。
The water quality and plankton survey were investigated in different seasons in an artificial lagoon formed by the course of Meishan Channel in Beilun District of Ningbo. The relationship between the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of plankton and the water quality was analyzed. A total of 66 species of phytoplankton and 25 species of zooplankton were found,mainly including diatom species,copepods species,and a small amountof rotifer and Favella. The abundance of the phytoplankton increased by orders of magnitude while the biological indices decreased after building the dam. The biological indices of all samples indicated that water quality of the course was still in moderate level pollution. The physicochemical indexes showed that both the salinity and the suspended matter concentration decreased after the dam was built,but the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus had no obvious change. Most of the samples were mesotrophic or even eutrophic. The relationship between the distribution of plankton and the physicochemical indexes showed that the desalination of the sea water and the decrease of suspended matter concentration resulted in the increase of plankton density and the decline of biodiversity,which further induced the emergence of freshwater species. The nitrogen and phosphorous nutrition was not a limiting factor for plankton growth.
The water quality and plankton survey were investigated in different seasons in an artificial lagoon formed by the course of Meishan Channel in Beilun District of Ningbo. The relationship between the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of plankton and the water quality was analyzed. A total of 66 species of phytoplankton and 25 species of zooplankton were found,mainly including diatom species,copepods species,and a small amountof rotifer and Favella. The abundance of the phytoplankton increased by orders of magnitude while the biological indices decreased after building the dam. The biological indices of all samples indicated that water quality of the course was still in moderate level pollution. The physicochemical indexes showed that both the salinity and the suspended matter concentration decreased after the dam was built,but the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus had no obvious change. Most of the samples were mesotrophic or even eutrophic. The relationship between the distribution of plankton and the physicochemical indexes showed that the desalination of the sea water and the decrease of suspended matter concentration resulted in the increase of plankton density and the decline of biodiversity,which further induced the emergence of freshwater species. The nitrogen and phosphorous nutrition was not a limiting factor for plankton growth.
引文
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[17]Tasevska O,Jersabek C,Kostoski G,et al.Differences in rotifer communities in two freshwater bodies of different trophic degree(Lake Ohrid and Lake Dojran,Macedonia)[J].Biologia,2012,67(3):565-572
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[19]Paturej E,Gutkowska A,Koszaka J,et al.Effect of physicochemical parameters on zooplankton in the brackish,coastal Vistula Lagoon[J].Oceanologia,2017,59(1):49-56
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[21]韩德举,胡菊香,高少波,等.三峡水库135 m蓄水过程坝前水域浮游生物变化的研究[J].水利渔业,2005,25(5):55-58,112
[22]郑莉.柴河水库水生生物现状及评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(2):117-119Zheng L.Present situation and evaluation of aquatic organisms in Chaihe Reservoir[J].Environmental Science and Management,2014,39(2):117-119(in Chinese)
[23]江志兵,陈全震,寿鹿,等.象山港人工鱼礁区的网采浮游植物群落组成及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(18):5813-5824Jiang Z B,Chen Q Z,Shou L,et al.Community composition of net-phytoplankton and its relationship with the environmental factors at artificial reef area in Xiangshan Bay[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(18):5813-5824(in Chinese)
[24]王克,张武昌,王荣,等.渤海中南部春秋季浮游动物群落结构[J].海洋科学集刊,2002,44:34-42Wang K,Zhang W C,Wang R,et al.The structure of zooplankton community in the central and southern part of the Bohai Sea,China,in spring and autumn[J].Studia Marina Sinica,2002,44:34-42(in Chinese)
[25]Liu J Y.Status of marine biodiversity of the China seas[J].Plos One,2013,8(1):e50719
[26]曾阳,付秀娥,苗明升,等.基于大型浮游动物多样性与水质参数相关性分析的温榆河水质评价[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(2):162-170Zeng Y,Fu X E,Miao M S,et al.Water quality assessment of Wenyuhe River based on the cross-correlation analysis on the diversity of macro-zooplankton and water parameters[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(2):162-170(in Chinese)
[27]Krylov A V.Distribution of zooplankton along the longitudinal profile of two disturbed small rivers of the upper Volga Basin[J].Russian Journal of Ecology,2004,35(5):316-323
[2]黄洁慧,周保昌,梅凯.采用生化组合技术有效防治人工湖富营养化[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(22):101-104Huang J H,Zhou B C,Mei K.Biochemical technologies for effective prevention of eutrophication in artificial lake[J].China Water&Wastewater,2015,31(22):101-104(in Chinese)
[3]Jumppanen K.Effects of waste waters on a lake ecosystem[J].Annales Zoologici Fennici,1976,13(2):85-138
[4]Behrenfeld M J,Halsey K H,Milligan AJ.Evolved physiological responses of phytoplankton to their integrated growth environment[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,2008,363(1504):2687-2703
[5]王新华,王宏鹏,纪炳纯.天津市团泊水库浮游动物研究与水环境评价[J].四川动物,2008,27(5):807-809Wang X H,Wang H P,Ji B C.Investigation of zooplankton and water quality assessment in Tuanbo Reservoir of Tianjin[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2008,27(5):807-809(in Chinese)
[6]Zhang J,Jrgensen S E,Tan C O,et al.A structurally dynamic modeling—Lake Mogan,Turkey as a case study[J].Ecological Modelling,2003,164(2):103-120
[7]王丽,王保栋,陈求稳,等.三峡三期蓄水后长江口海域浮游动物群落特征及影响因子[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2505-2512Wang L,Wang B D,Chen Q W,et al.Characteristics of the zooplankton community and impact factors in the Yangtze estuary coastal area after third stage impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(9):2505-2512(in Chinese)
[8]朱广伟,金颖薇,任杰,等.太湖流域水库型水源地硅藻水华发生特征及对策分析[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(1):9-21Zhu G W,Jin Y W,Ren J,et al.Characteristics of diatom blooms in a reservoir-water supply area and the countermeasures in Taihu Basin,China[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(1):9-21(in Chinese)
[9]金德钢,魏立峰,潘炳成.北仑梅山水道水环境综合整治研究分析[M].中国城市经济,2011,29:266-267
[10]张立平.北仑年鉴[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,2016
[11]国家质量监督检验检疫局.GB/T 12763.9—2007海洋调查规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007
[12]黄祥飞.湖泊生态调查观测与分析[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2000:72-79
[13]王艺兵,侯泽英,叶碧碧,等.鄱阳湖浮游植物时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1310-1317Wang Y B,Hou Z Y,Ye B B,et al.The characteristics of spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton in Poyang Lake and their influencing factors[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1310-1317(in Chinese)
[14]武丹,王海英,张震.天津于桥水库夏季浮游生物调查及群落结构变化[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(5):735-742Wu D,Wang H Y,Zhang Z.Investigation of summer plankton community structure in Yuqiao Reservoir,Tianjin[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(5):735-742(in Chinese)
[15]Pei G F,Liu G X,Hu Z Y.A comparative study of benthic algal colonization in shallow lakes of China[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2010,25(3):403-411
[16]杜明敏,刘镇盛,王春生,等.中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5407-5418Du M M,Liu Z S,Wang C S,et al.The seasonal variation and community structure of zooplankton in China sea[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(17):5407-5418(in Chinese)
[17]Tasevska O,Jersabek C,Kostoski G,et al.Differences in rotifer communities in two freshwater bodies of different trophic degree(Lake Ohrid and Lake Dojran,Macedonia)[J].Biologia,2012,67(3):565-572
[18]Zool T J.Diurnal vertical distribution of zooplankton in a newly formed reservoir(TahtalReservoir,Kocaeli):The role of abiotic factors and chlorophyll a[J].Turkish Journal of Zoology,2014,37(2):218-227
[19]Paturej E,Gutkowska A,Koszaka J,et al.Effect of physicochemical parameters on zooplankton in the brackish,coastal Vistula Lagoon[J].Oceanologia,2017,59(1):49-56
[20]Bilous O P,Barinova S S,Ivanova N O,et al.The use of phytoplankton as an indicator of internal hydrodynamics of a large seaside reservoir—Case of the Sasyk Reservoir,Ukraine[J].Ecohydrology&Hydrobiology,2016,16(3):160-174
[21]韩德举,胡菊香,高少波,等.三峡水库135 m蓄水过程坝前水域浮游生物变化的研究[J].水利渔业,2005,25(5):55-58,112
[22]郑莉.柴河水库水生生物现状及评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(2):117-119Zheng L.Present situation and evaluation of aquatic organisms in Chaihe Reservoir[J].Environmental Science and Management,2014,39(2):117-119(in Chinese)
[23]江志兵,陈全震,寿鹿,等.象山港人工鱼礁区的网采浮游植物群落组成及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(18):5813-5824Jiang Z B,Chen Q Z,Shou L,et al.Community composition of net-phytoplankton and its relationship with the environmental factors at artificial reef area in Xiangshan Bay[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(18):5813-5824(in Chinese)
[24]王克,张武昌,王荣,等.渤海中南部春秋季浮游动物群落结构[J].海洋科学集刊,2002,44:34-42Wang K,Zhang W C,Wang R,et al.The structure of zooplankton community in the central and southern part of the Bohai Sea,China,in spring and autumn[J].Studia Marina Sinica,2002,44:34-42(in Chinese)
[25]Liu J Y.Status of marine biodiversity of the China seas[J].Plos One,2013,8(1):e50719
[26]曾阳,付秀娥,苗明升,等.基于大型浮游动物多样性与水质参数相关性分析的温榆河水质评价[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(2):162-170Zeng Y,Fu X E,Miao M S,et al.Water quality assessment of Wenyuhe River based on the cross-correlation analysis on the diversity of macro-zooplankton and water parameters[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(2):162-170(in Chinese)
[27]Krylov A V.Distribution of zooplankton along the longitudinal profile of two disturbed small rivers of the upper Volga Basin[J].Russian Journal of Ecology,2004,35(5):316-323