长期施肥下黑土有机肥替代率变化特征
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摘要
探索长期施肥下黑土有机肥替代率与土壤肥力提升的关系,可为农田土壤培肥和有机替代提供理论依据。对吉林省公主岭黑土32年的长期肥力试验定位观测数据进行系统分析,基于作物氮素吸收量和土壤氮素供需方程探讨高产条件下施用不同量有机肥的黑土有机肥替代率的变化特征。研究表明,作物产量随着有机肥施用年限增加逐渐提高,32年的持续施肥,施用有机肥的作物产量趋同甚至高于NPK化肥处理的作物产量。基于作物氮素吸收量,高产条件下有机肥替代率与施肥年限呈极显著线性正相关(P<0.01),高量有机肥处理(M2)的有机肥替代率高于常量有机肥处理(M1);且有机肥施用29年后,高量有机肥处理(M2)的有机肥替代率达到100%,并保持稳定不变。基于土壤氮素供需方程估测的常量和高量有机肥处理(M1和M2)的有机肥替代率与基于作物氮素吸收量得到的有机肥替代率相关系数(R2)达到0.78和0.84(P<0.01),相对均方根误差(RMSE)均小于15%(分别为10.4%和14.6%),表明土壤氮素供需方程可以较好地估测土壤有机肥替代率。基于作物氮素吸收量和土壤氮素供需方程能够准确反映长期有机培肥下黑土有机肥替代率的变化规律。本研究结果表明,基于作物氮素吸收量和土壤氮素供需方程两种方法验证,高产条件下有机肥替代率是土壤肥力的函数;随着有机肥施肥年限的增加,土壤肥力提升,有机肥替代率逐渐增加。
This study explored the relationship between the substitution rate of organic fertilizer(SROF) and soil fertility under long-term fertilizer application in black soils and thereby laid the basis of theoretical guidance for optimal fertilization in black soils. A 32-year dataset on black soil fertilization from Gongzhuling in Jilin Province experimental site was analyzed to determine the changes in SROF under different rates of organic fertilizer application based on crop removal of nitrogen(N) and soil N supply-demand balance. Results showed that crop yield increased gradually with increasing application years of organic fertilizer, which was slightly higher than for NPK fertilization after 32 years. A significant positive correlation existed between SROF and fertilization years as driven by crop removal of N(P < 0.01). Furthermore, SROF reached 100% and was stable after 29 years of high quantity manure(M2) application, higher than that of the application of conventional manure quality(M1). The correlation coefficients(R2) between SROFs of conventional and high quantity manure(M1 and M2) applications between based on crop N absorption(RN) and soil N supply-demand balance(RN') were 0.78 and 0.84(P < 0.01), respectively. The corresponding root mean square errors(RMSE) were 10.4% and 14.6%, validating the method of calculation of SROF based on soil N supply-demand balance. The results suggested that SROF under high crop yield could be used as a fertility index under current intensive fertilization. Longer applications of organic fertilizers led to higher soil fertility and crop productivity and a gradual increase in SROF.
This study explored the relationship between the substitution rate of organic fertilizer(SROF) and soil fertility under long-term fertilizer application in black soils and thereby laid the basis of theoretical guidance for optimal fertilization in black soils. A 32-year dataset on black soil fertilization from Gongzhuling in Jilin Province experimental site was analyzed to determine the changes in SROF under different rates of organic fertilizer application based on crop removal of nitrogen(N) and soil N supply-demand balance. Results showed that crop yield increased gradually with increasing application years of organic fertilizer, which was slightly higher than for NPK fertilization after 32 years. A significant positive correlation existed between SROF and fertilization years as driven by crop removal of N(P < 0.01). Furthermore, SROF reached 100% and was stable after 29 years of high quantity manure(M2) application, higher than that of the application of conventional manure quality(M1). The correlation coefficients(R2) between SROFs of conventional and high quantity manure(M1 and M2) applications between based on crop N absorption(RN) and soil N supply-demand balance(RN') were 0.78 and 0.84(P < 0.01), respectively. The corresponding root mean square errors(RMSE) were 10.4% and 14.6%, validating the method of calculation of SROF based on soil N supply-demand balance. The results suggested that SROF under high crop yield could be used as a fertility index under current intensive fertilization. Longer applications of organic fertilizers led to higher soil fertility and crop productivity and a gradual increase in SROF.
引文
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[2]石元亮,王玲莉,刘世彬,等.中国化学肥料发展及其对农业的作用[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):852–864SHI Y L,WANG L L,LIU S B,et al.Development of chemical fertilizer industry and its effect on agriculture of China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):852–864
[3]ROELCKE M,HAN Y,SCHLEEF K H,et al.Recent trends and recommendations for nitrogen fertilization in intensive agriculture in eastern China[J].Pedosphere,2004,14(4):449–460
[4]任伟,赵鑫,黄收兵,等.不同密度下增施有机肥对夏玉米物质生产及产量构成的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(10):1146–1155REN W,ZHAO X,HUANG S B,et al.Effects of application of organic fertilizer under different planting densities on dry matter production and yield formation of summer maize[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(10):1146–1155
[5]ZHANG Y L,LI C H,WANG Y W,et al.Maize yield and soil fertility with combined use of compost and inorganic fertilizers on a calcareous soil on the North China Plain[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2016,155:85–94
[6]YADAV R L,DWIVEDI B S,PRASAD K,et al.Yield trends,and changes in soil organic-C and available NPK in a long-term rice-wheat system under integrated use of manures and fertilisers[J].Field Crops Research,2000,68(3):219–246
[7]RASMUSSEN P E,GOULDING K W T,BROWN J R,et al.Long-term agroecosystem experiments:Assessing agricultural sustainability and global change[J].Science,1998,282(5390):893–896
[8]孟琳,张小莉,蒋小芳,等.有机肥料氮替代部分化肥氮对稻谷产量的影响及替代率[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):532–542MENG L,ZHANG X L,JIANG X F,et al.Effects of partial mineral nitrogen substitution by organic fertilizer nitrogen on the yields of rice grains and their proper substitution rate[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(2):532–542
[9]王志勇,红梅,杨殿林,等.供氮水平和有机无机配施对夏玉米产量及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008,(6):11–14WANG Z Y,HONG M,YANG D L,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on yield in summer maize and on soil NO3--N[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2008,(6):11–14
[10]谢军,赵亚南,陈轩敬,等.有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(20):3934–3943XIE J,ZHAO Y N,CHEN X J,et al.Nitrogen of organic manure replacing chemical nitrogenous fertilizer improve maize yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(20):3934–3943
[11]刘占军,谢佳贵,张宽,等.不同氮肥管理对吉林春玉米生长发育和养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):38–47LIU Z J,XIE J G,ZHANG K et al.Maize growth and nutrient uptake as influenced by nitrogen management in Jilin Province[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(1):38–47
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000BAO S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000
[13]BAI Z H,MA L,JIN S Q,et al.Nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium flows through the manure management chain in China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(24):13409–13418
[14]邓良佐,李艳杰,史纪明,等.黑龙江省旱作玉米测土配方平衡施肥技术研究[J].玉米科学,2004,12(4):79–80DENG L Z,LI Y J,SHI J M,et al.Study on equilibrium fertilizing technique by measuring soil nutrients and maize requirement for the nutrients under nature condition in Heilongjiang Province[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2004,12(4):79–80
[15]王棣,耿增超,佘雕,等.秦岭典型林分土壤有机碳储量及碳氮垂直分布[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5421–5429WANG D,GENG Z C,SHE D,et al.Soil organic carbon storage and vertical distribution of carbon and nitrogen across different forest types in the Qinling Mountains[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(16):5421–5429
[16]吕珊兰,杨熙仁,张耀东,等.山西土壤氮矿化势与供氮量的预测[J].中国农业科学,1996,29(1):21–26LYU S L,YANG X R,ZHANG Y D,et al.Nitrogen mineralization potential and the forecast of the content of nitrogen supplied in the soils of Shanxi Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1996,29(1):21–26
[17]刘青丽,任天志,李志宏,等.我国主要植烟土壤氮素矿化潜力研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1266–1272LIU Q L,REN T Z,LI Z H,et al.Nitrogen mineralization potential of major soil planting tobacco in China[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(6):1266–1272
[18]李玲玲.有机肥氮素有效性和替代化肥氮比例研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011LI L L.Manure nitrogen availability and its substitution ratio for chemical fertilizer nitrogen[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2011
[19]MILLER P L,MACKENZIE A F.Effects of manures,ammonium nitrate and s-coated urea on yield and up take of n by corn and on subsequent inorganic N levels in soils in southern Quebec[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,1978,58(2):153–158
[20]MATSON P,LOHSE K A,HALL S J.The globalization of nitrogen deposition:Consequences for terrestrial ecosystems[J].Ambio:A Journal of the Human Environment,2002,31(2):113–119
[21]丛耀辉.黑土区水稻土水稳性团聚体有机氮组分及其对矿化氮的贡献[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016CONG Y H.Soil organic nitrogen forms and their contributions to mineralizable nitrogen in water-stable aggregates of paddy soil in black soil region[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2016
[22]王德营,姚艳敏,司海青,等.黑土有机碳变化的DNDC模拟预测[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(3):277–283WANG D Y,YAO Y M,SI H Q,et al.Using DNDC model to simulate and predict changes in black soil organic carbon[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(3):277–283
[23]LIU H L,YAN J Y,HE P,et al.Optimizing parameters of CSM-CERES-maize model to improve simulation performance of maize growth and nitrogen uptake in northeast China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2012,11(11):1898–1913
[24]VILLALOBOS F J,HALL A J,RITCHIE J T,et al.Oilcrop-sun:A development,growth,and yield model of the sunflower crop[J].Agronomy Journal,1996,88(3):403–415
[25]GUPTA A P,NARWAL R P,ANTIL R S.Influence of soil organic matter on the productivity of pearl millet-wheat cropping system[J].Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2003,49(3):325–332
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