关中中部灌区播期播量对‘西农509’小麦产量和品质的效应
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摘要
为了探究关中中部地区冬小麦的最佳播期和播量,为冬小麦优质高产栽培技术提供理论依据。2015—2016年在关中中部灌区以‘西农509’为供试材料,采用两因素二次D饱和最优试验设计,在大田条件下进行不同播期和播量对小麦产量和品质的影响试验。结果表明,当‘西农509’目标产量为8250~9750 kg/hm~2时,适宜播期10月12—18日,适宜播种量125.3~154.0 kg/hm~2,播期与播量互作效应最佳处理的播期为10月12日、播种量为136.8 kg/hm~2,产量可达最高9265.5 kg/hm~2。不同播期播量对‘西农509’品质也有较大的影响,早播且适当增加密度有利于提高小麦蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、稳定时间和硬度。
The aims are to explore the optimum sowing date and sowing rate of winter wheat in centralGuanzhong and provide a theoretical basis for high quality and high yield cultivation techniques of winterwheat. In 2015-2016, in central Guanzhong irrigation area, the wheat variety‘Xinong 509'was used as thematerial, and the two factors quadratic D saturation optimum experiment design was conducted to study theeffects of different sowing dates and sowing rates on yield and quality under field condition. The results showedthat, when the target yield of‘Xinong 509'was 8250-9750 kg/hm~2, the suitable sowing date was October 12 th-18 th, and the suitable sowing rate was 125.3-154.0 kg/hm~2. The best treatment of the interaction was that, thesowing date was October 12 thand the sowing rate was 136.8 kg/hm~2, the yield of‘Xinong509'could increase to9265.5 kg/hm~2. Different sowing dates and sowing rates had great effect on the quality of‘Xinong509', earlysowing date and proper increase of sowing density were beneficial to improve the protein content, wet glutencontent, sedimentation value, stability time and hardness.
The aims are to explore the optimum sowing date and sowing rate of winter wheat in centralGuanzhong and provide a theoretical basis for high quality and high yield cultivation techniques of winterwheat. In 2015-2016, in central Guanzhong irrigation area, the wheat variety‘Xinong 509'was used as thematerial, and the two factors quadratic D saturation optimum experiment design was conducted to study theeffects of different sowing dates and sowing rates on yield and quality under field condition. The results showedthat, when the target yield of‘Xinong 509'was 8250-9750 kg/hm~2, the suitable sowing date was October 12 th-18 th, and the suitable sowing rate was 125.3-154.0 kg/hm~2. The best treatment of the interaction was that, thesowing date was October 12 thand the sowing rate was 136.8 kg/hm~2, the yield of‘Xinong509'could increase to9265.5 kg/hm~2. Different sowing dates and sowing rates had great effect on the quality of‘Xinong509', earlysowing date and proper increase of sowing density were beneficial to improve the protein content, wet glutencontent, sedimentation value, stability time and hardness.
引文
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[5]朱统泉,袁永刚,曹建成,等.不同施氮方式对强筋小麦群体产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(1):50-52.
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[9]张杰,胡开明,付鹏,等.播期、密度和施肥量对小麦品种烟农19若干农艺和品质性状的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2008,35(1):61-64.
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[13]祖秀颖.播期和密度对小麦品质影响的研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(6):35-38.
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[15]姜朋,杨学明,张鹏,等.播期和密度对小麦生选6号产量和品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(7):5-9.
[16]高素玲,张翼,曹雯梅,等.播期对稻茬强筋小麦品质性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(24):206-209.
[17]张敏,王岩岩,蔡瑞国,等.播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):325-330.
[18]王楠,汪娟梅,姚广平,等.不同播期与播量对‘九麦2号’小麦产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(21):80-84.
[19]赵智勇,李秀绒,柴永峰,等.播期、播量和氮肥对强筋小麦‘运旱618’产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(21):28-31.
[20]王宙,麻慧芳.不同播期对小麦产量与品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2007,35(3):36-38.
[21]冯玉香,何维勋,孙忠富,等.Climatological study on frost damage of winter wheat in China[J].Acta Agron Sin(作物学报),1999,25(3):335-340.
[22]姜小荟,李淦,胡铁柱,等.播种期和播种密度对冬小麦西农898品质和产量的影响[J].河南科技学院学报,2012,41(3):001-004.
[23]陆建农,何觉民,白国钊,等.华南地区不同播期对小麦品质的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2007(19):163-164.
[24]杨桂霞,赵广才,许轲,等.播期和密度对冬小麦籽粒产量和营养品质及生理指标的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(4):687-692.
[25]温明星,陈爱大,李东升,等.密度对镇麦168农艺和品质性状的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1243-1247.
[2]李筠,王龙,任立凯,等.播期、密度和氮肥运筹对冬小麦连麦2号产量与品质的调控[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):303-308.
[3]雷钧杰,宋敏.播种期与播种密度对小麦产量和品质影响的研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(Z3):138-141.
[4]屈会娟,李金才,沈学善,等.播期、密度及氮肥运筹方式对冬小麦籽粒产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(9):141-143.
[5]朱统泉,袁永刚,曹建成,等.不同施氮方式对强筋小麦群体产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(1):50-52.
[6]赵广才.冬小麦早春分类管理措施[J].作物杂志,2005(1):42.
[7]王军强.小麦越冬前生育进程与形态建成模拟[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[8]张永红,葛徽衍.气候变化对关中中东部小麦越冬前生长发育的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2008,54(4):16-19.
[9]张杰,胡开明,付鹏,等.播期、密度和施肥量对小麦品种烟农19若干农艺和品质性状的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2008,35(1):61-64.
[10]金善宝主编.中国小麦学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.
[11]蒋纪芸,阎世理,潘世禄,等.品种栽培条件对旱地小麦产量及品质的影响[J].北京农学报,1988,3(2):149-157.
[12]范金萍,张伯桥,吕国锋,等.播期对小麦主要品质性状及面团粉质参数的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2003(2):10-12.
[13]祖秀颖.播期和密度对小麦品质影响的研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(6):35-38.
[14]孙中伟.不同播种方式下播期与播量对小麦籽粒产量和品质形成的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[15]姜朋,杨学明,张鹏,等.播期和密度对小麦生选6号产量和品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(7):5-9.
[16]高素玲,张翼,曹雯梅,等.播期对稻茬强筋小麦品质性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(24):206-209.
[17]张敏,王岩岩,蔡瑞国,等.播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):325-330.
[18]王楠,汪娟梅,姚广平,等.不同播期与播量对‘九麦2号’小麦产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(21):80-84.
[19]赵智勇,李秀绒,柴永峰,等.播期、播量和氮肥对强筋小麦‘运旱618’产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(21):28-31.
[20]王宙,麻慧芳.不同播期对小麦产量与品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2007,35(3):36-38.
[21]冯玉香,何维勋,孙忠富,等.Climatological study on frost damage of winter wheat in China[J].Acta Agron Sin(作物学报),1999,25(3):335-340.
[22]姜小荟,李淦,胡铁柱,等.播种期和播种密度对冬小麦西农898品质和产量的影响[J].河南科技学院学报,2012,41(3):001-004.
[23]陆建农,何觉民,白国钊,等.华南地区不同播期对小麦品质的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2007(19):163-164.
[24]杨桂霞,赵广才,许轲,等.播期和密度对冬小麦籽粒产量和营养品质及生理指标的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(4):687-692.
[25]温明星,陈爱大,李东升,等.密度对镇麦168农艺和品质性状的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1243-1247.