源荷储一体化的广义灵活电源双层统筹规划
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摘要
高比例可再生能源电力系统中,逐渐减少的传统机组灵活性资源与增加的灵活性需求之间的矛盾日益严重,开展灵活电源专题规划的必要性日益凸显。基于灵活性供需平衡机理,提出了源荷储一体化的广义灵活电源概念,并建立了含资源投资决策和运行模拟校验的双层统筹规划模型。在证明了规划模型的凸性基础上,基于最大净收益增量比优化目标,设计了两阶段迭代求解优化算法。最后,通过中国北方某大型风电基地实际数据,对基准规划场景进行了评估,分析了系统灵活性缺额问题,并采用所述模型对源荷储资源进行优化规划,讨论了储能和需求侧响应在未来规划中的应用。算例表明,所提出的灵活性协调优化方法能够将灵活性量化评价指标纳入到电力系统规划中,优化得到不同约束阈值下的最优方案,能够快速进行参数灵敏度分析,从而提高优化方案的鲁棒性和适用性。
In power systems with high penetration renewable energy,the contradiction between the reduced conventional flexible generation resource and the increased flexibility demand is becoming increasingly serious.According to the flexibility balance principle,the concept of generalized flexibility is proposed and the bi-level optimal planning model including investment decision and production simulation verification is developed.Then the convexity of the planning model is proved and a two stage algorithm proposed based on the maximum net benefit/increment ratio.Finally,through the actual data of a large wind power base in north China,the benchmark scenario is evaluated,and the problem of system flexibility deficiency is analyzed.Meanwhile,the optimal planning for generation-load-storage source is implemented by the proposed model,and the sensitivity analysis for storage and demand response is discussed.The case study indicates that the proposed method can integrate the flexibility assessment in power system planning,which can also quickly conduct the sensitivity analysis to improve the robustness and applicability.
In power systems with high penetration renewable energy,the contradiction between the reduced conventional flexible generation resource and the increased flexibility demand is becoming increasingly serious.According to the flexibility balance principle,the concept of generalized flexibility is proposed and the bi-level optimal planning model including investment decision and production simulation verification is developed.Then the convexity of the planning model is proved and a two stage algorithm proposed based on the maximum net benefit/increment ratio.Finally,through the actual data of a large wind power base in north China,the benchmark scenario is evaluated,and the problem of system flexibility deficiency is analyzed.Meanwhile,the optimal planning for generation-load-storage source is implemented by the proposed model,and the sensitivity analysis for storage and demand response is discussed.The case study indicates that the proposed method can integrate the flexibility assessment in power system planning,which can also quickly conduct the sensitivity analysis to improve the robustness and applicability.
引文
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[13]凡鹏飞,张粒子,谢国辉.充裕性资源协同参与系统调节的风电消纳能力分析模型[J].电网技术,2012,36(5):51-57.FAN Pengfei,ZHANG Lizi,XIE Guohui.Analysis model for accommodation capability of wind power with adequacy resources involved in system regulation[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(5):51-57.
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[16]朱建全,段翩,刘明波.计及风险与源-网-荷双层协调的电力实时平衡调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3239-3247.ZHU Jianquan,DUAN Pian,LIU Mingbo.Electric real-time balance dispatch via bi-level coordination of source-grid-load of power system with risk[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3239-3247.
[17]张宁,胡兆光,周渝慧,等.计及随机模糊双重不确定性的源网荷协同规划模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):39-44.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150607002.ZHANG Ning,HU Zhaoguang,ZHOU Yuhui,et al.Sourcegrid-load coordinated planning model considering randomness and fuzziness[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):39-44.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150607002.
[18]段建民,王志新,王承民,等.考虑碳减排效益的可再生电源规划[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):11-15.DUAN Jianmin,WANG Zhixin,WANG Chengmin,et al.Renewable power planning considering carbon emission reduction benefits[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):11-15.
[19]PALMINTIER B S,WEBSTER M D.Impact of operational flexibility on electricity generation planning with renewable and carbon targets[J].IEEE Trans on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(2):672-684.
[20]BELDERBOS A,DELARUE E.Accounting for flexibility in power system planning with renewables[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2015,71:33-41.
[21]MEJIA-GIRALDO D,MCCALLEY J D.Maximizing future flexibility in electric generation portfolios[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2014,29(1):279-288.
[22]鲁宗相,李海波,乔颖.高比例可再生能源并网的电力系统灵活性评价与平衡机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):9-19.LU Zongxiang,LI Haibo,QIAO Ying.Flexibility evaluation and supply/demand balance principle of power system with high-penetration renewable electricity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(1):9-19.
[23]王晓海,乔颖,鲁宗相,等.供暖季风电电量消纳能力的评估新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(9):2112-2119.WANG Xiaohai,QIAO Ying,LU Zongxiang,et al.A novel method to assess wind energy usage in the heat-supplied season[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(9):2112-2119.
[24]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[2]North American Electric Reliability Corporation.Special report:accommodating high levels of variable Generation[R].2009.
[3]国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所.中国2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨路径研究[R].2015.
[4]PAPAEFTHYMIOU G,GRAVE K,DRAGOON K.Flexibility options in electricity systems[R].2014.
[5]鲁宗相,李海波,乔颖.含高比例可再生能源电力系统灵活性规划及挑战[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(13):147-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151215008.LU Zongxiang,LI Haibo,QIAO Ying.Power system flexibility planning and challenges considering high proportion of renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(13):147-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20151215008.
[6]王锡凡.电力系统优化规划[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[7]张节潭,苗淼,范宏,等.含风电场的双层电源规划[J].电网技术,2011,35(11):43-49.ZHANG Jietan,MIAO Miao,FAN Hong,et al.Bi-level generation expansion planning with large-scale wind farms[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(11):43-49.
[8]穆永铮,鲁宗相,周勤勇,等.基于可靠性均衡优化的含风电电网协调规划[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):16-22.MU Yongzheng,LU Zongxiang,ZHOU Qinyong,et al.Optimized reliability balancing based transmission coordinating expansion planning for power grid with wind farms[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):16-22.
[9]MA J,SILVA V,BELHOMME R,et al.Evaluating and planning flexibility in sustainable power systems[J].IEEE Trans on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(1):200-209.
[10]陆秋瑜,胡伟,闵勇,等.考虑时间相关性的风储系统多模式协调优化策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(2):6-12.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140922004.LU Qiuyu,HU Wei,MIN Yong,et al.A multi-pattern coordinated optimization strategy of wind power and energy storage system considering temporal dependence[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(2):6-12.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140922004.
[11]ZENG Bo,ZHANG Jianhua,YANG Xu,et al.Integrated planning for transition to low-carbon distribution system with renewable energy generation and demand response[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2014,29(3):1153-1165.
[12]曾鸣,杨雍琦,向红伟,等.计及需求侧响应的电力系统鲁棒优化规划模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(17):137-145.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150615001.ZENG Ming,YANG Yongqi,XIANG Hongwei,et al.Robust optimization planning model of power system considering demand response[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(17):137-145.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150615001.
[13]凡鹏飞,张粒子,谢国辉.充裕性资源协同参与系统调节的风电消纳能力分析模型[J].电网技术,2012,36(5):51-57.FAN Pengfei,ZHANG Lizi,XIE Guohui.Analysis model for accommodation capability of wind power with adequacy resources involved in system regulation[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(5):51-57.
[14]宋艺航,谭忠富,李欢欢,等.促进风电消纳的发电侧、储能及需求侧联合优化模型[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):610-615.SONG Yihang,TAN Zhongfu,LI Huanhuan,et al.An optimization model combining generation side and energy storage system with demand side to promote accommodation of wind power[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):610-615.
[15]曾鸣,杨雍琦,向红伟,等.兼容需求侧资源的“源-网-荷-储”协调优化调度模型[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(2):102-111.ZENG Ming,YANG Yongqi,XIANG Hongwei,et al.Optimal dispatch model based on coordination between“generation-grid-load-energy storage”and demand-side resource[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(2):102-111.
[16]朱建全,段翩,刘明波.计及风险与源-网-荷双层协调的电力实时平衡调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3239-3247.ZHU Jianquan,DUAN Pian,LIU Mingbo.Electric real-time balance dispatch via bi-level coordination of source-grid-load of power system with risk[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3239-3247.
[17]张宁,胡兆光,周渝慧,等.计及随机模糊双重不确定性的源网荷协同规划模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):39-44.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150607002.ZHANG Ning,HU Zhaoguang,ZHOU Yuhui,et al.Sourcegrid-load coordinated planning model considering randomness and fuzziness[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):39-44.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150607002.
[18]段建民,王志新,王承民,等.考虑碳减排效益的可再生电源规划[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):11-15.DUAN Jianmin,WANG Zhixin,WANG Chengmin,et al.Renewable power planning considering carbon emission reduction benefits[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):11-15.
[19]PALMINTIER B S,WEBSTER M D.Impact of operational flexibility on electricity generation planning with renewable and carbon targets[J].IEEE Trans on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(2):672-684.
[20]BELDERBOS A,DELARUE E.Accounting for flexibility in power system planning with renewables[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2015,71:33-41.
[21]MEJIA-GIRALDO D,MCCALLEY J D.Maximizing future flexibility in electric generation portfolios[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2014,29(1):279-288.
[22]鲁宗相,李海波,乔颖.高比例可再生能源并网的电力系统灵活性评价与平衡机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):9-19.LU Zongxiang,LI Haibo,QIAO Ying.Flexibility evaluation and supply/demand balance principle of power system with high-penetration renewable electricity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(1):9-19.
[23]王晓海,乔颖,鲁宗相,等.供暖季风电电量消纳能力的评估新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(9):2112-2119.WANG Xiaohai,QIAO Ying,LU Zongxiang,et al.A novel method to assess wind energy usage in the heat-supplied season[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(9):2112-2119.
[24]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.