广州市零售业态空间分异特征与机制
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摘要
零售业业态空间分异识别对优化城市资源配置至关重要,基于高精度大样本数据的零售业态空间分布识别较传统研究更精确便捷。以广州市2014年47 026个零售业网点数据为基础,基于信息熵、平均最近邻分析法、核密度估计等研究方法,探讨广州市的零售业分布格局、业态空间分异与零售业结构影响机制。结果表明:1)广州市零售业功能显著集聚于城市核心区,越秀、荔湾与天河北的零售功能发育相对均衡,均衡度从核心向外围显著下降;2)不同业态零售业分异较大,以商业服务和基本生活服务为主的零售业态网点分布的集聚度显著高于大体量的综合类零售业态;3)各业态零售业随着城市圈层的外拓分异显著,大体量型零售业态分布相对均衡,以商服功能为主的零售业态则主要集中于核心层与内圈层;4)人流集聚程度、交通通达性、职住人口分布、地方政策与社会空间分异共同影响着零售业业态空间的形成与演化。
The recognition of spatial differentiation of retail formats and its driving force is very important to optimize the allocation of urban resources. The traditional research is mainly based on sampling survey and questionnaire interview to observe the difference of spatial distribution. Based on that, the driving mechanism is further explored. With the emergence of new data, it is possible to explore the spatial differentiation of retail industry in more detail. Spatial distribution recognition of retail formats based on high precision and large sample data is more accurate and convenient than traditional research. Based on that, this study is based on the data of 47 026 retail outlets in Guangzhou in 2014. By using the methods of information entropy, nearest distance analysis, and kernel density analysis, we discussed the distribution pattern of retail industry in Guangzhou. The study process is as follows: First we analyzed the overall distribution pattern of retail industry in Guangzhou. Then we discussed the spatial differentiation of different formats. Finally, we analyzed the impact mechanism of retail industry in Guangzhou. The results are shown as follows: 1) The retail function of Guangzhou concentrates on the urban core area. The urban core area has a higher density distribution of retail outlets, and the development of retail function is more mature. The retail function is more proportionate in Yuexiu, Liwan, Tianhe(North) districts and the proportionality is significantly decreased from the core to the periphery. 2)The spatial distribution of different formats of retail industry has different characteristics. The concentration of retail outlets based on commercial services and basic living services is significantly higher than the comprehensive retail format. Convenience stores, professional stores, and food stores have a high degree of agglomeration, while the distribution of supermarkets and shopping malls is relatively balanced. 3)The distribution of different types of retail outlets is significantly different in each circles. The integrated types are relatively proportionate while those commercial types are more concentrate in the core layer and the inner layer. The integrated retail format has a consumption threshold so that their distribution is more balanced. The retail formats of business services more rely on the distribution of people, so they are concentrated in the urban core areas. 4)The driving force of urban retail spatial pattern is complex. The consumers flow, agglomeration factors, accessibility, the distribution of population, local policy factors and social spatial differentiation work together to affect the formation and evolution of retail format space.
The recognition of spatial differentiation of retail formats and its driving force is very important to optimize the allocation of urban resources. The traditional research is mainly based on sampling survey and questionnaire interview to observe the difference of spatial distribution. Based on that, the driving mechanism is further explored. With the emergence of new data, it is possible to explore the spatial differentiation of retail industry in more detail. Spatial distribution recognition of retail formats based on high precision and large sample data is more accurate and convenient than traditional research. Based on that, this study is based on the data of 47 026 retail outlets in Guangzhou in 2014. By using the methods of information entropy, nearest distance analysis, and kernel density analysis, we discussed the distribution pattern of retail industry in Guangzhou. The study process is as follows: First we analyzed the overall distribution pattern of retail industry in Guangzhou. Then we discussed the spatial differentiation of different formats. Finally, we analyzed the impact mechanism of retail industry in Guangzhou. The results are shown as follows: 1) The retail function of Guangzhou concentrates on the urban core area. The urban core area has a higher density distribution of retail outlets, and the development of retail function is more mature. The retail function is more proportionate in Yuexiu, Liwan, Tianhe(North) districts and the proportionality is significantly decreased from the core to the periphery. 2)The spatial distribution of different formats of retail industry has different characteristics. The concentration of retail outlets based on commercial services and basic living services is significantly higher than the comprehensive retail format. Convenience stores, professional stores, and food stores have a high degree of agglomeration, while the distribution of supermarkets and shopping malls is relatively balanced. 3)The distribution of different types of retail outlets is significantly different in each circles. The integrated types are relatively proportionate while those commercial types are more concentrate in the core layer and the inner layer. The integrated retail format has a consumption threshold so that their distribution is more balanced. The retail formats of business services more rely on the distribution of people, so they are concentrated in the urban core areas. 4)The driving force of urban retail spatial pattern is complex. The consumers flow, agglomeration factors, accessibility, the distribution of population, local policy factors and social spatial differentiation work together to affect the formation and evolution of retail format space.
引文
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陈蔚珊,柳林,梁育填,2016.基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析.地理研究,35(4):703-716.[CHENWeishan,LIU Lin,LIANG Yutian,2016.Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data.Geographical Research,35(4):703-716.]
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BROWNn S,1993.Institutional Change in Retailing:A Review and Synthesis.European Journal of Marketing,21(6):5-36.
BROWN S,1987.A Perceptual Approach to Retail Agglomeration.Area,19(2):131-140.
陈世莉,陶海燕,李旭亮,卓莉,2016.基于潜在语义信息的城市功能区识别--广州市浮动车GPS时空数据挖掘.地理学报,71(3):471-483.[CHEN Shili,TAO Haiyan,LI Xuliang,ZHUO Li,2016.Discovering urban functional regions using latent semantic information:Spatiotemporal data mining of floating cars GPS data of Guangzhou.Acta geographica sinica,71(3):471-483.]
陈蔚珊,柳林,梁育填,2016.基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析.地理研究,35(4):703-716.[CHENWeishan,LIU Lin,LIANG Yutian,2016.Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data.Geographical Research,35(4):703-716.]
程林,王法辉,修春亮,2014.基于GIS的长春市中心城区大型超市服务区分析.经济地理,34(4):54-58,83.[CHENG Lin,WANGFahui,XIU Chunliang Trade,2014.Area of Supermarket in Changchun Centeral Urban Area Based on GIS.Econimic Geography,34(4):54-58,83.]
GOLDMAN A,2001.The transfer of retail formats into developing economies:The example of China.Journal of Retailing,77(2):221-242.
GOODCHILD M F,2007.Citizens as Sensors:The World of Volunteered Geography.Geojournal,69(4):211-221.
GOODCHILD M F,2009.Geographic information systems and science:today and tomorrow.Annals of GIS,1(1):1037-1043.
HUALLACHáIN Bó,LESLIE T F,2012.Spatial Pattern and Order in Sunbelt Retailing:Shopping in Phoenix in the Twenty-First Century.Professional Geographer,65(3):396-420(25).
浩飞龙,王士君,2016.长春市零售商业空间分布特征及形成机理.地理科学,36(6):855-862.[Hao Feilong,Wang Shijun,2016.Spatial Characteristics and Forming Mechanisms of Retail Businesses in Changchun,China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,36(6):855-862.]
何永达,赵志田,2012.我国零售业空间分布特征及动力机制的实证分析.经济地理,32(10):77-82.[HE Yongda,ZHAO Zhitian,2012.Empirical Study on Spatial Distribution and Dynamic Mechanism of Retail Industry in China.Econimic Geography,32(10):77-82.]
黄晓冰,陈忠暖,2014.基于信息熵的地铁站点商圈零售业种结构的研究--以广州15个地铁站点商圈为例.经济地理,34(3):38-44.[HUANG Xiaobing,CHEN Zhongnuan,2014.The Retail Business Structure of the Metro Site Based on the Information Entropy-A Case Study of the 15 Subway Site in Guangzhou.Econimic Geography,34(3):38-44.]
KUMAR A,TRIVEDI M,BEZAWADA R,SRIDHAR K,2012.Acomparative analysis of differential consumer response across supermarket and specialty store in the candy category.Journal of Retailing&Consumer Services,19(19):561-569.
LI Y,LIU L,2012.Assessing the impact of retail location on store performance:A comparison of Wal-Mart and Kmart stores in Cincinnati.Applied Geography,32(2):591-600.
LIU Y,LIU X,CAO S,KANG C,YE Z,CHI G,LI S,2015.Social Sensing:A New Approach to Understanding Our Socioeconomic Environments.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,105(3):512-530.
李强,王士君,梅林,2013.长春市中心城区大型超市空间演变过程及机理研究.地理科学,33(5):553-561.[LI Qiang,WANG Shijun,MEI Lin,2013.The Spatial Characteristics and Mechanism of Supermarkets in Central District of Changchun,China Locations and their determinants of large-scale commercial sites in Changchun,China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,33(5):553-561.]
梁进社,吴颖,张锦宗,2009.同类商品集聚型布局模式研究--以北京西四--新街口大街为例.地理科学进展,28(2):253-258.[LIANG Jinshe,WU Yin,ZHANG Jinzong,2009.Research on the Agglomeration of Congener Merchandises:A Case Study of Xisi-Xinjiekou Street in Beijing.Progress in Geography,28(2):253-258.]
林耿,2008.大城市商业业态空间研究.广州:商务印书馆.[LINGeng.2008.Da Chengshi Shangye Yetai Kongjian Yanjiu.Guangzhou:The Commercial Press.]
林耿,许学强,2004.广州市商业业态空间形成机理.地理学报,59(5):754-762.[LIN Geng,XU Xueqiang,2004.Forming Mechanism of Spatial Structure of Commercial Types in Guangzhou City.Acta geographica sinica,59(5):754-762.]
马晓龙,2007.西安市大型零售商业空间结构与市场格局研究.城市规划,31(2):55-61.[MA Xiaolong,2007.Spatial structure and marketing pattern of large retail business in Xi’an.City Planning Review,31(2):55-61.]
REINARTZ W,DELLAERT B,KRAFFT M,KUMAR V,VARADARAJAN R,2011.Retailing Innovations in a Globalizing Retail Market Environment.Journal of Retailing,87(4):S53-S66.
RUI Y,YANG Z,QIAN T,KHALID S,XIA N,WANG J,2016.Network-constrained and category-based point pattern analysis for Suguo retail stores in Nanjing,China.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,30(2):1-14.
饶传坤,蔡异翔,2016.杭州市大型零售商业设施的空间扩展特征.经济地理,36(2):117-124.[RAO Chuankun,CAI Yixiang,2016.Spatial Development Characteristics of Large-Scale Retail Business Facilities in Hangzhou City.Econimic Geography,36(2):117-124.]
WANG E,2011.Understanding the‘retail revolution’in urban China:a survey of retail formats in Beijing.Service Industries Journal,31(2):169-194.
WANG E,SONG J,2008.The political economy of retail change in Chinese cities.Environment&Planning C Government&Policy,26(6):1197-1226.
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