大跨度斜拉桥拆除工程风险评估
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摘要
为了深入研究大跨度斜拉桥整体拆除项目的潜在风险,提出一套适用于该类型项目的风险评估方法。其核心步骤包括利用鱼骨图法进行风险因素识别,利用层次分析法进行风险权重分析,利用模糊综合评价法进行风险等级评价,然后利用该方法对某大跨度斜拉桥工程案例进行了风险评估。结果显示:项目总体风险等级为中级,且影响最大的4个因素分别是拉索临时工装风险、水体污染风险、破碎切割设备风险、设计计算风险。最后对这4个风险因素提出了相应应对措施。
In order to further study the potential risks of dismantling project of long-span cable-stayed bridges,an appropriate risk assessment method for this type of projects was proposed. The main steps included: identifying risk factors by fishbone diagram method,calculating risk weight by analytic hierarchy process( AHP),and evaluating risk grade by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Then,the proposed method was used to evaluate the risk of a long-span cable-stayed bridge project. The results show that the overall risk level of this project is medium,and the four most influential factors are the risk of temporary fixture for cables,the risk of water pollution,the risk of crushing and cutting equipment,and the risk of design and calculation. Finally,the corresponding countermeasures for these four risk factors were proposed.
In order to further study the potential risks of dismantling project of long-span cable-stayed bridges,an appropriate risk assessment method for this type of projects was proposed. The main steps included: identifying risk factors by fishbone diagram method,calculating risk weight by analytic hierarchy process( AHP),and evaluating risk grade by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Then,the proposed method was used to evaluate the risk of a long-span cable-stayed bridge project. The results show that the overall risk level of this project is medium,and the four most influential factors are the risk of temporary fixture for cables,the risk of water pollution,the risk of crushing and cutting equipment,and the risk of design and calculation. Finally,the corresponding countermeasures for these four risk factors were proposed.
引文
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[10]彭云涌,罗桂军,汤宝,等.鱼刺图法在桥梁工程中对上行式移动模架过跨坍塌危险源辨识的应用[J].建筑施工,2016,38(12):1706-1708.PENG Yunyong,LUO Guijun,TANG Bao,et al. Fishbone diagram method applied to hazard source identification of overhead movable formwork collapse in long-span bridge engineering[J]. Building Construction,2016,38(12):1706-1708.
[11]孟凡海.北京XH大厦机电安装工程风险管理研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2014.MENG Fanhai. Research on the Risk Management of Mechanical and Electrical Installation Project of Beijing XH Building[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2014.
[12]刘亦凡.六广河特大桥施工风险管理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.LIU Yifan. Research on Risk Management of Liuguang River Bridge[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2016.
[2]王春玲,张英才,李壮文.黑石渡浏阳河大桥控制爆破技术[J].爆破,2013,30(3):96-99.WANG Chunling,ZHANG Yingcai,LI Zhuangwen. Control blasting technology in blackstone Kuantu Liu-yang river bridge[J]. Blasting,2013,30(3):96-99.
[3]施富强,柴俭.三台涪江大桥控爆拆除总体方案设计[J].工程爆破,2003,9(4):25-29.SHI Fuqiang,CHAI Jian. General blasting design for demolition of Fu River Bridge in Santai[J]. Engineering Blasting,2003,4(9):25-29.
[4]曾勇,郑慧君,向中富.大跨单索面公轨两用钢桁梁斜拉桥施工风险分析[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(4):29-33.ZENG Yong,ZHENG Huijun,XIANG Fuzhong. Construction risk analysis of long-span rail-cum-road cable-stayed bridge with single cable plane and steel truss girder[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2014,33(4):29-33.
[5]林辉,周云岗,简方良.考虑风险的桥梁防火措施选择[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(2):213-216.LIN Hui, ZHOU Yungang, JIAN Fangliang. Fire resistance countermeasures selection for bridges based on risks[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2011,30(2):213-216.
[6]陈常松,卫毅.模糊综合评判法在斜拉桥施工风险评估中的应用[J].交通科学与工程,2017,33(3):43-49.CHEN Changsong, WEI Yi. Application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in construction risk assessment of cable-stayed bridges[J]. Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2017,33(3):43-49.
[7]阮欣,陈艾荣,石雪飞.桥梁工程风险评估[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.RUAN Xin,CHEN Airong,SHI Xuefei. Risk Assessment of Bridge Engineering[M]. Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.
[8]中华人民共和国交通运输部.公路桥梁和隧道工程设计安全风险评估指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2010.Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. Design Safety Risk Assessment Guide of Highway Bridge and Tunnel Engineering[M]. Beijing:China Communications Press,2010.
[9]中华人民共和国交通运输部.公路桥梁和隧道工程施工安全风险评估指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011.Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. Construction Safety Risk Assessment Guide of Highway Bridge and Tunnel Engineering[M]. Beijing:China Communications Press,2011.
[10]彭云涌,罗桂军,汤宝,等.鱼刺图法在桥梁工程中对上行式移动模架过跨坍塌危险源辨识的应用[J].建筑施工,2016,38(12):1706-1708.PENG Yunyong,LUO Guijun,TANG Bao,et al. Fishbone diagram method applied to hazard source identification of overhead movable formwork collapse in long-span bridge engineering[J]. Building Construction,2016,38(12):1706-1708.
[11]孟凡海.北京XH大厦机电安装工程风险管理研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2014.MENG Fanhai. Research on the Risk Management of Mechanical and Electrical Installation Project of Beijing XH Building[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2014.
[12]刘亦凡.六广河特大桥施工风险管理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.LIU Yifan. Research on Risk Management of Liuguang River Bridge[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2016.