黄河冲积层静止土压力系数原位测定与分析
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摘要
静止土压力系数K_0与其他物理力学性质相互制约,变化特征复杂,加之试验条件、理论假设条件不同,表达形式多样,结果迥异。依托济南地铁工程勘察,采用原位土体水平压力测定仪(KSB)对济南西北部黄河厚冲积层现场测试,将测试结果与原位旁压试验、室内侧压力仪K_0试验结果,以及考虑黏性土内摩擦角、塑性指数的K_0计算公式进行对比,分析表明:KSB测试结果以指数形式插值推算原位静止土压力系数更优;20m深度范围内黄河冲积层黏性土可近似为正常固结饱和状态,K_0介于0.4~0.7之间并随埋深减小,而Jaky公式计算值偏高,室内土工试验K_0值偏低;以固结快剪内摩擦角CQj或等效内摩擦角Dj修正Jaky公式的计算结果更接近KSB实测值。
Earth pressure coefficient at rest of soil, K_0, varies due to different stress conditions. Besides, it interacts with other physical and mechanical properties of the soils. Based on the geological survey of Jinan subway project, the horizontal pressure of the thick alluvial cohesive soil from Yellow River in northwest of Jinan was tested by the in-situ soil pressure tester, K_0 stepped blade(KSB). To verify the test results, other test methods are also adopted, such as the lateral loading test, indoor K_0 test by side pressure gauge as well as common calculation formula taking internal friction angle and plasticity index of cohesive soil into consideration. According to the comparative analysis of the results by different methods, the results can be obtained as follows. In the form of exponential interpolation, test results from KSB are superior in presuming the in-situ earth pressure coefficient at rest. The cohesive soil in the Yellow River alluvial layer can be approximately in normal consolidation saturated state inside the range of 0-20 m. K_0 changes between 0.4 to 0.7 and decreases with the increase of depth. The value of K_0 is on the high side with Jaky formula's result and on the low side with indoor test. The calculation results obtained by Jaky formula are close to that of measured by KSB when introduce equivalent angle of internal friction φ_D and internal friction angle φCQ obtained by consolidated quick shear test.
Earth pressure coefficient at rest of soil, K_0, varies due to different stress conditions. Besides, it interacts with other physical and mechanical properties of the soils. Based on the geological survey of Jinan subway project, the horizontal pressure of the thick alluvial cohesive soil from Yellow River in northwest of Jinan was tested by the in-situ soil pressure tester, K_0 stepped blade(KSB). To verify the test results, other test methods are also adopted, such as the lateral loading test, indoor K_0 test by side pressure gauge as well as common calculation formula taking internal friction angle and plasticity index of cohesive soil into consideration. According to the comparative analysis of the results by different methods, the results can be obtained as follows. In the form of exponential interpolation, test results from KSB are superior in presuming the in-situ earth pressure coefficient at rest. The cohesive soil in the Yellow River alluvial layer can be approximately in normal consolidation saturated state inside the range of 0-20 m. K_0 changes between 0.4 to 0.7 and decreases with the increase of depth. The value of K_0 is on the high side with Jaky formula's result and on the low side with indoor test. The calculation results obtained by Jaky formula are close to that of measured by KSB when introduce equivalent angle of internal friction φ_D and internal friction angle φCQ obtained by consolidated quick shear test.
引文
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[3]HANDY R L,REMMES B,MOLDT S,et al.In situ stress determination by Iowa stepped blade[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,2008,108(11):1405-1422.
[4]TERZAGHI K.Old earth pressure theories and new test results[J].Engineering News Record,1920,85(14):632-637.
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[7]JAKY J.The coefficient of earth pressure at rest[J].Journal of the Society of Hungarian Architects and Engineers,1944,78(22):355-358.
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[9]ALPAN I.The empirical evaluation of the coefficients K0and K0R[J].Soils and Foundations,1967,7(1):31-40.
[10]MTSUOKA H.Stress-strain relationships of sands based on the mobilized plane[J].Soils and Foundations,1974,14(2):47-62.
[11]BOLTON M D.Geotechnical stress analysis for bridge abutment design[R].United Kingdom:Transport and Road Research Laboratory,1991:37-38.
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[13]邓荣基.用简化方法求算黏性土的静止侧压力系数[J].铁道标准设计,1996,(12):20-23.DENG Rong-ji.For static lateral pressure coefficient calculation of cohesive soil by simplified method[J].Railway Standard Design,1996,(12):20-23.
[14]史宏彦,谢定义.用应力矢量本构模型确定无粘性土的静止土压力系数[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):766-769.SHI Hong-yan,XIE Ding-yi.Determination of coefficient of earth pressure at rest for cohesionless soil by using stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):766-769.
[15]FEDERICO A,ELIA G,GERMANO V.A short note on the earth pressure and mobilized angle of internal friction in one-dimension compression of soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,3(1):41-46.
[16]强跃,赵明阶,林军志,等.静止土压力系数探究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(3):727-730.QIANG Yue,ZHAO Ming-jie,LIN Jun-zhi,et al.Research on coefficient of earth pressure at rest[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(3):727-730.
[17]刘德稳,朱德滨,王琼芬,等.关于“有限填土静止土压力系数计算方法研究”的讨论[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(10):1952-1955.LIU De-wen,ZHU De-bin,WANG Qiong-fen,et al.Discussion on“Coefficient of at-rest earth pressure from limited back fill”[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(10):1952-1955.
[18]SCHMIDT B.Discussion of earth pressures at rest related to stress history[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1966,3(4):239-242.
[19]MAYNE P W,KULHAWY F H.K0-OCR relationships in soil[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1982,108(6):851-872.
[20]姜安龙,郭云英,高大钊.静止土压力系数研究[J].岩土工程技术,2003,(6):354-359.JIANG An-long,GUO Yun-ying,GAO Da-zhao.The study on coefficient of earth pressure at rest[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2003,(6):354-359.
[21]KULHAWY F H,MAYNE P W.Manual on estimating soil properties for foundation design[R].Palo Alto:Electric Power Research Institute,1990:306-307.
[22]童立元,刘松玉,张焕荣,等.应用SCPTu确定静止土压力系数的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(4):117-123.TONG Li-yuan,LIU Song-yu,ZHANG Huan-rong,et al.Determination of coefficient of earth pressure at rest(K0)using seismic piezocone tests[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(4):117-123.
[23]MARCHETTI S.In-situ tests by fiat dilatometer[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1980,106(4):299-321.
[24]LUNNE T,POWELL J M,HAUGE E A,et al.Correlation of dilatometer readings with lateral stress in clay[J].Transport Research Record,1990,1278:183-493.
[25]上海岩土工程勘察设计研究院有限公司.DGJ08-37-2012岩土工程勘察规范[S].上海:[出版者不详],2012.Shanghai Geotechnical Investigation&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.DGJ08-37-2012 Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Shanghai:[s.n.],2012.
[26]唐世栋,吕建春,傅纵.扁铲侧胀试验求解初始水平应力和静止侧压力系数[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(12):2144-2148.TANG Shi-dong,LüJian-chun,FU Zong.Solution to initial horizontal stress and lateral earth pressure coefficient at rest by flat dilatometer tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(12):2144-2148.
[27]储团结.扁铲侧胀试验测定静止侧压力系数的探讨[J].铁道工程学报,2015,(11):1-4.CHU Tuan-jie.Discussion on the determination of static lateral pressure coefficient from flat dilatometer tests[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2015,(11):1-4.
[28]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50021-2001(2009年版)岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Ministry of Construction of the PRC.GB 50021-2001(Version 2009)Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2009.
[29]北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司.济南市轨道交通R1线岩土工程勘察报告[R].北京:北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司2015.Beijing Urban Construction Exploration and Surveying Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.Geotechnical investigation report of Ji'nan rail transit R1 line[R].Beijing:Beijing Urban Construction Exploration and Surveying Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,2015.
[30]工程地质手册编委会.工程地质手册[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,2007:157-162.The Compiling Committee of the Handbook of Engineering Geology Manual.Handbook of engineering geology manual[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2007:157-162.
[31]陈昆,闫澍旺,孙立强,等.开挖卸荷状态下深基坑变形特性研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):1075-1082.CHEN Kun,YAN Shu-wang,SUN Li-qiang,et al.Analysis of deformation of deep foundation pit under excavation unloading condition[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):1075-1082.
[32]MICHALOWSKI R L.Coefficient of earth pressure at rest[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(11):1429-1433.
[33]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50330-2013建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.Ministry of Construction of the PRC.GB 50330-2013Technical code for building slope engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.
[2]纠永志,黄茂松.超固结软黏土的静止土压力系数与不排水抗剪强度[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):951-957,964.JIU Yong-zhi,HUANG Mao-song.Coefficient of earth pressure at rest and undrained shear strength of overconsolidated soft clays[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):951-957,964.
[3]HANDY R L,REMMES B,MOLDT S,et al.In situ stress determination by Iowa stepped blade[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,2008,108(11):1405-1422.
[4]TERZAGHI K.Old earth pressure theories and new test results[J].Engineering News Record,1920,85(14):632-637.
[5]BISHOP A W.Test requirements for measuring K0[C]//Proceedings of the Brussels Conference on Earth Pressure Problems.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1958:2-14.
[6]ANDRAWES K Z,ELSOHBY M A.Factors affecting coefficient of earth pressure K0[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1973,99(7):527-539.
[7]JAKY J.The coefficient of earth pressure at rest[J].Journal of the Society of Hungarian Architects and Engineers,1944,78(22):355-358.
[8]BROOKER E W,IRELAND H O.Earth pressures at rest related to stress history[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1965,2(1):1-15.
[9]ALPAN I.The empirical evaluation of the coefficients K0and K0R[J].Soils and Foundations,1967,7(1):31-40.
[10]MTSUOKA H.Stress-strain relationships of sands based on the mobilized plane[J].Soils and Foundations,1974,14(2):47-62.
[11]BOLTON M D.Geotechnical stress analysis for bridge abutment design[R].United Kingdom:Transport and Road Research Laboratory,1991:37-38.
[12]SIMPSON B.Retaining structures:Displacement and design[J].Geotechnique,1992,42(4):541-576.
[13]邓荣基.用简化方法求算黏性土的静止侧压力系数[J].铁道标准设计,1996,(12):20-23.DENG Rong-ji.For static lateral pressure coefficient calculation of cohesive soil by simplified method[J].Railway Standard Design,1996,(12):20-23.
[14]史宏彦,谢定义.用应力矢量本构模型确定无粘性土的静止土压力系数[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):766-769.SHI Hong-yan,XIE Ding-yi.Determination of coefficient of earth pressure at rest for cohesionless soil by using stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):766-769.
[15]FEDERICO A,ELIA G,GERMANO V.A short note on the earth pressure and mobilized angle of internal friction in one-dimension compression of soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,3(1):41-46.
[16]强跃,赵明阶,林军志,等.静止土压力系数探究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(3):727-730.QIANG Yue,ZHAO Ming-jie,LIN Jun-zhi,et al.Research on coefficient of earth pressure at rest[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(3):727-730.
[17]刘德稳,朱德滨,王琼芬,等.关于“有限填土静止土压力系数计算方法研究”的讨论[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(10):1952-1955.LIU De-wen,ZHU De-bin,WANG Qiong-fen,et al.Discussion on“Coefficient of at-rest earth pressure from limited back fill”[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(10):1952-1955.
[18]SCHMIDT B.Discussion of earth pressures at rest related to stress history[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1966,3(4):239-242.
[19]MAYNE P W,KULHAWY F H.K0-OCR relationships in soil[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1982,108(6):851-872.
[20]姜安龙,郭云英,高大钊.静止土压力系数研究[J].岩土工程技术,2003,(6):354-359.JIANG An-long,GUO Yun-ying,GAO Da-zhao.The study on coefficient of earth pressure at rest[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2003,(6):354-359.
[21]KULHAWY F H,MAYNE P W.Manual on estimating soil properties for foundation design[R].Palo Alto:Electric Power Research Institute,1990:306-307.
[22]童立元,刘松玉,张焕荣,等.应用SCPTu确定静止土压力系数的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(4):117-123.TONG Li-yuan,LIU Song-yu,ZHANG Huan-rong,et al.Determination of coefficient of earth pressure at rest(K0)using seismic piezocone tests[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(4):117-123.
[23]MARCHETTI S.In-situ tests by fiat dilatometer[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1980,106(4):299-321.
[24]LUNNE T,POWELL J M,HAUGE E A,et al.Correlation of dilatometer readings with lateral stress in clay[J].Transport Research Record,1990,1278:183-493.
[25]上海岩土工程勘察设计研究院有限公司.DGJ08-37-2012岩土工程勘察规范[S].上海:[出版者不详],2012.Shanghai Geotechnical Investigation&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.DGJ08-37-2012 Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Shanghai:[s.n.],2012.
[26]唐世栋,吕建春,傅纵.扁铲侧胀试验求解初始水平应力和静止侧压力系数[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(12):2144-2148.TANG Shi-dong,LüJian-chun,FU Zong.Solution to initial horizontal stress and lateral earth pressure coefficient at rest by flat dilatometer tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(12):2144-2148.
[27]储团结.扁铲侧胀试验测定静止侧压力系数的探讨[J].铁道工程学报,2015,(11):1-4.CHU Tuan-jie.Discussion on the determination of static lateral pressure coefficient from flat dilatometer tests[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2015,(11):1-4.
[28]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50021-2001(2009年版)岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Ministry of Construction of the PRC.GB 50021-2001(Version 2009)Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2009.
[29]北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司.济南市轨道交通R1线岩土工程勘察报告[R].北京:北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司2015.Beijing Urban Construction Exploration and Surveying Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.Geotechnical investigation report of Ji'nan rail transit R1 line[R].Beijing:Beijing Urban Construction Exploration and Surveying Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,2015.
[30]工程地质手册编委会.工程地质手册[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,2007:157-162.The Compiling Committee of the Handbook of Engineering Geology Manual.Handbook of engineering geology manual[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2007:157-162.
[31]陈昆,闫澍旺,孙立强,等.开挖卸荷状态下深基坑变形特性研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):1075-1082.CHEN Kun,YAN Shu-wang,SUN Li-qiang,et al.Analysis of deformation of deep foundation pit under excavation unloading condition[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):1075-1082.
[32]MICHALOWSKI R L.Coefficient of earth pressure at rest[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(11):1429-1433.
[33]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50330-2013建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.Ministry of Construction of the PRC.GB 50330-2013Technical code for building slope engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.