生物学期刊“同等贡献”作者署名论文调查与分析
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摘要
【目的】为相关机构合理评价科研产出,避免"同等贡献"作者署名发展成为潜在的学术不端行为提供数据基础并提出建议。【方法】统计分析2008年、2017年生物学学科中3个相对独立领域(动物学、植物学及化学药学)的《期刊引证报告》核心合集Q1～Q4分区的各两种(共计24种)期刊中"同等贡献"作者署名的原创研究论文、综述论文的数量及占比变化,并调查分析期刊的作者投稿指南及网站声明。【结果】19种期刊在2017年所发表的"同等贡献"作者署名研究论文和综述论文的数量均明显高于2008年; 14种期刊均声明推行ICMJE或COPE作者定义; 22种期刊均声明要求作者提供利益冲突声明及贡献说明;然而,无任何期刊对"同等贡献"作者署名提供界定办法或说明材料。【结论】为避免"同等贡献"作者署名发展成为潜在的学术不端行为,进一步强化学术出版道德规范,科技期刊应大力推广并要求作者切实贯彻ICMJE及COPE作者定义,科研产出评价机构及科技出版部门需共同制定切实可行的管理办法以明确界定且合理认定作者贡献。
[Purposes]To evaluate the scientific research output reasonably for institutions and avoid the phenomenon of " equally contributed" authorship byline developing into a novel form of academic misconduct,this study gives the the practical suggestions based on solid data. [Methods]This study focused on three relatively independent fields of biology subject,i.e.,zoology,botony,and chemistry pharmacy. Two journals from each Q1-Q4 quartile of ISI Journal Citation Reports on the Web of Science core collection of zoology,botony,and chemistry pharmacy subjects,respectively,in total of 24 scientific journals were randomlyselected. Then,the quantity and percentage of the original research articles and review articles with " equally contributed" authorship bylines in 2008 and 2017 were analyzed with the instructions to authors and website statement. [Findings] The quantity of publications with " equally contributed" authorship bylines in 19 journals is significantly increased in 2017 compared with that in2008; 14 journals declare that they implement authorship definition of ICMJE/COPE; 22 journals require authors to submit authors' statement regarding each author' s contribution and potential competing interests; none of the journals provides any guidance or statement materials regarding " equally contributed " authorships. [Conclusions] We suggest that scientific journals highly recommend authorship definition of ICMJE/COPE and ask for its effective implementation among authors; the scientific output evaluating authorities and scientific publication departments should work together to establish practical administrative measures and rationally recognize authors' specific contributions,so as to avoid the phenomenon of " equally contributed" authorship byline developing into a novel form of academic misconduct and futher enhance publication ethics.
[Purposes]To evaluate the scientific research output reasonably for institutions and avoid the phenomenon of " equally contributed" authorship byline developing into a novel form of academic misconduct,this study gives the the practical suggestions based on solid data. [Methods]This study focused on three relatively independent fields of biology subject,i.e.,zoology,botony,and chemistry pharmacy. Two journals from each Q1-Q4 quartile of ISI Journal Citation Reports on the Web of Science core collection of zoology,botony,and chemistry pharmacy subjects,respectively,in total of 24 scientific journals were randomlyselected. Then,the quantity and percentage of the original research articles and review articles with " equally contributed" authorship bylines in 2008 and 2017 were analyzed with the instructions to authors and website statement. [Findings] The quantity of publications with " equally contributed" authorship bylines in 19 journals is significantly increased in 2017 compared with that in2008; 14 journals declare that they implement authorship definition of ICMJE/COPE; 22 journals require authors to submit authors' statement regarding each author' s contribution and potential competing interests; none of the journals provides any guidance or statement materials regarding " equally contributed " authorships. [Conclusions] We suggest that scientific journals highly recommend authorship definition of ICMJE/COPE and ask for its effective implementation among authors; the scientific output evaluating authorities and scientific publication departments should work together to establish practical administrative measures and rationally recognize authors' specific contributions,so as to avoid the phenomenon of " equally contributed" authorship byline developing into a novel form of academic misconduct and futher enhance publication ethics.
引文
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[10]胡海岩.论著署名:客观、贡献、责任[J].科技导报,2014,32(Z2):1,3.
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[12]李军纪,张策,段志光.科技论文合作作者署名与著作权归属探析[J].中国科技期刊研究,2009,20(1):110-112.
[13]王丽萍,李立,王卓青.医学期刊多通信作者的署名特点及分析[J].中国科技期刊研究,2017,28(12):1110-1114.
[14]朱大明.关于制订“合著论文作者贡献声明与署名规则”的探讨[J].中国科技期刊研究,2016,27(7):698-703.
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[19]高雪山,钟紫红.科技期刊论文不当署名现象及规避措施[J].中国科技期刊研究,2015,26(6):539-544.
[20] GB 7713—1987科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式[S]∥新闻出版署图书管理司,中国标准出版社.作者、编辑常用标准及规范.北京:中国标准出版社,1998:264-271.
[21] van Dijk D,Manor O,Carey L B. Publication metrics and success on the academic job market[J]. Current Biology,2014,24(11):R516-R517.
[22] Bikard M,Murray F,Gans J S. Exploring trade-offs in the organizations of scientific work:collaboration and scientific reward[J]. Management Science,2015,61(7):1473-1495
[23] Akhabue E,Lautenbach E.“Equal”contributions and credit:An emerging trend in the characterization of authorship[J]. Annals of Epidemiol,2010,20(11):868-871.
[24] Li Z,Sun Y M,Wu F X,et al. Equal contributions and credit:An emerging trend in the characterization of authorship in major anaesthesia journals during a 10-yr period[J]. Plos ONE,2013,8(8):e71430.
[25] Nature. Authorship[EB/OL].[2019-03-07]. https:∥www.nature.com/authors/policies/authorship.html.
[26] The American Journal of Human Genetics.Information for authors[EB/OL].[2019-03-07]. https:∥www. cell. com/ajhg/authors
[2]国家科技计划实施中科研不端行为处理办法(试行)[EB/OL].(2006-11-07)[2019-03-07]. http:∥www. gov. cn/ziliao/flfg/2006-11/10/content_438430.htm.
[3]李宏伟,董瓅瑾,刘晓莉,等.科技论文通信作者署名中的问题[J].中国科技期刊研究,2014,25(11):1352-1354.
[4]颜巧元.科技期刊论文通信作者署名滥用现象分析与对策[J].编辑学报,2013,25(5):460-462.
[5]焦爽,李春梅.被撤销论文作者管理机制的构建探析[J].中国科技期刊研究,2017,28(8):710-715.
[6]汪勤俭,吴培红,冷怀明.科研论文定稿后署名更改现象的分析与思考[J].中国科技期刊研究,2013,24(5):924-926.
[7]高晓培,潘云涛,马峥.国际医学期刊署名规范及在我国的实践应用研究[J].中国科技期刊研究,2012,23(2):198-201.
[8]中国科学院科研道德委员会.关于在学术论文署名中常见问题或错误的诚信提醒[EB/OL].(2018-04-24)[2019-03-07].http:∥www.cas.cn/jh/201804/t20180424_4643181.shtml.
[9]钱寿初.作者署名和作者的贡献[J].中国科技期刊研究,2002,13(1):9-11.
[10]胡海岩.论著署名:客观、贡献、责任[J].科技导报,2014,32(Z2):1,3.
[11]鄢子平,柳建乔.从“通讯作者”现象谈科技论文署名的严肃性[J].中国科技期刊研究,2013,24(4):723-725.
[12]李军纪,张策,段志光.科技论文合作作者署名与著作权归属探析[J].中国科技期刊研究,2009,20(1):110-112.
[13]王丽萍,李立,王卓青.医学期刊多通信作者的署名特点及分析[J].中国科技期刊研究,2017,28(12):1110-1114.
[14]朱大明.关于制订“合著论文作者贡献声明与署名规则”的探讨[J].中国科技期刊研究,2016,27(7):698-703.
[15] Committee on Publication Ethics.Authorship and contributorship[EB/OL].[2019-03-07]. https:∥publicationethics. org/authorship.
[16] ICMJE. Defining the role of authors and contributors[EB/OL].(2013-08-01)[2019-03-07]. http:∥www. icmje. org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/definingthe-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html.
[17]全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国著作权法[EB/OL].(2010-02-26)[2019-03-07]. http:∥www.lasrd.gov.cn/include/content.php? id=17101
[18] Committee on Publication Ethics. Flowcharts[EB/OL].[2019-03-07]. https:∥publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts.
[19]高雪山,钟紫红.科技期刊论文不当署名现象及规避措施[J].中国科技期刊研究,2015,26(6):539-544.
[20] GB 7713—1987科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式[S]∥新闻出版署图书管理司,中国标准出版社.作者、编辑常用标准及规范.北京:中国标准出版社,1998:264-271.
[21] van Dijk D,Manor O,Carey L B. Publication metrics and success on the academic job market[J]. Current Biology,2014,24(11):R516-R517.
[22] Bikard M,Murray F,Gans J S. Exploring trade-offs in the organizations of scientific work:collaboration and scientific reward[J]. Management Science,2015,61(7):1473-1495
[23] Akhabue E,Lautenbach E.“Equal”contributions and credit:An emerging trend in the characterization of authorship[J]. Annals of Epidemiol,2010,20(11):868-871.
[24] Li Z,Sun Y M,Wu F X,et al. Equal contributions and credit:An emerging trend in the characterization of authorship in major anaesthesia journals during a 10-yr period[J]. Plos ONE,2013,8(8):e71430.
[25] Nature. Authorship[EB/OL].[2019-03-07]. https:∥www.nature.com/authors/policies/authorship.html.
[26] The American Journal of Human Genetics.Information for authors[EB/OL].[2019-03-07]. https:∥www. cell. com/ajhg/authors