倾斜煤层沿空异形巷道煤柱宽度与围岩控制研究
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摘要
为了探究倾斜煤层沿空掘巷留窄煤柱的合理宽度,采用传统矿压"内外应力场"理论和偏应力第二不变量表征特性对不同宽度煤柱影响下巷道围岩破碎机理与控制展开研究。通过建立沿空斜顶巷道力学模型,推导出倾斜煤层"内应力场"影响范围为12.2～12.8 m。与水平煤层不同,倾斜煤层巷道顶板围岩在一定深度开始受到其相邻采空区应力影响,引起偏应力值再次攀升,计算应力波动值结合巷道围岩位移变化情况,最终确定合理窄煤柱宽度为10 m。异形巷道断面特征导致围岩应力分布和破碎呈现不对称性,继而提出顶板预应力锚杆+高强度单体锚索+桁架锚索支护耦合作用下的非对称围岩控制技术,最后经50 m试验段作为工程检验,成功应用于工程现场。
To determine the reasonable narrow coal pillar width of gob-side entry in inclined coal seam, the surrounding rock fragmentation mechanism and control techniques corresponding to different coal-pillar widths were investigated by adopting the theory of "internal and external stress field" and second invariants characterization of deviatoric stress. The results show that the influence range of "internal stress field" in inclined coal seam is 12.2-12.8 m based on analyzing the mechanical model of gob-side roadway. Compared with the horizontal coal seam, the surrounding roof rock of roadway in the inclined coal seam is affected by the stress of adjacent goaf area at a certain mining depth, which causes the deviatoric stress value to rise again. By calculating the influences of stress-wave value and displacement changes of roadway surrounding rock, the reasonable coal-pillar width is determined to be 10 m. The cross-section characteristics of irregular roadway lead to the asymmetry of stress distribution and fractures. Therefore, the asymmetric surrounding rock control technology in inclined coal seam is put forward. This technology applies to the coupling effects of high strength prestressed anchor bolt &high strength single body anchor cable & truss anchor support. Above technique has been successfully applied to the engineering site, with a 50 m long test section.
To determine the reasonable narrow coal pillar width of gob-side entry in inclined coal seam, the surrounding rock fragmentation mechanism and control techniques corresponding to different coal-pillar widths were investigated by adopting the theory of "internal and external stress field" and second invariants characterization of deviatoric stress. The results show that the influence range of "internal stress field" in inclined coal seam is 12.2-12.8 m based on analyzing the mechanical model of gob-side roadway. Compared with the horizontal coal seam, the surrounding roof rock of roadway in the inclined coal seam is affected by the stress of adjacent goaf area at a certain mining depth, which causes the deviatoric stress value to rise again. By calculating the influences of stress-wave value and displacement changes of roadway surrounding rock, the reasonable coal-pillar width is determined to be 10 m. The cross-section characteristics of irregular roadway lead to the asymmetry of stress distribution and fractures. Therefore, the asymmetric surrounding rock control technology in inclined coal seam is put forward. This technology applies to the coupling effects of high strength prestressed anchor bolt &high strength single body anchor cable & truss anchor support. Above technique has been successfully applied to the engineering site, with a 50 m long test section.
引文
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[10]查文华,李雪,华心祝,等.基本顶断裂位置对窄煤柱护巷的影响及应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(增刊2):332-338.ZHA Wenhua,LI Xue,HUA Xinzhu,et al.Impact and application on narrow coal pillar for roadway protecting from fracture position of upper roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(Sup 2):332-338.
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[13]赵毅鑫,王涛,姜耀东,等.基于Hoek-Brown参数确定方法的多煤层开采工作面矿压显现规律模拟研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):970-976.ZHAO Yixin,WANG Tao,JIANG Yaodong,et al.Application of Hoek-Brown criterion in numerical simulation of ground pressure features in multi-seam longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):970-976.
[14]谢广祥,杨科,常聚才.煤柱宽度对综放面围岩应力分布规律影响[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(11):1005-1008.XIE Guangxiang,YANG Ke,CHANG Jucai.Influence of coal pillar width on stress distribution in surrounding rock of fully mechanized caving face[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006,28(11):1005-1008.
[15]徐磊.近距离煤柱群底板偏应力不变量分布特征及应用[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2014.
[16]柏建彪.沿空掘巷围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006:1-17.
[17]张科学,张永杰,马振乾,等.沿空掘巷窄煤柱宽度确定[J].采矿与安全学报,2015,32(3):446-452.ZHANG Kexue,ZHANG Yongjie,MA Zhenqian,et al.Determination of the narrow pillar width of gob-side entry driving[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):446-452.
[18]赵勇强,何富连,谢福星,等.沿空留巷围岩稳定等级综合评判及返修控制技术研究[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(6):550-558.ZHAO Yongqiang,HE Fulian,XIE Fuxing,et al.Study on comprehensive evaluation of surrounding rock stability grade and repair control technology of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(6):550-558.
[2]张广超,何富连,来永辉,等.高强度开采综放工作面区段煤柱合理宽度与控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(9):2188-2194.ZHANG Guangchao,HE Fulian,LAI Yonghui,et al.Reasonable width and control technique of segment coal pillar with high-intensity fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(9):2188-2194.
[3]康红普,司林坡,张晓.浅部煤矿井下地应力分布特征研究及应用[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1332-1340.KANG Hongpu,SI Linpo,ZHANG Xiao.Characteristics of underground in-situ stress distribution in shallow coal mines and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1332-1340.
[4]WILSON A H.The stability of underground workings in the soft rocks of the coal measures[J].International Journal of Mining Engineering,1983,1(2):91-187.
[5]柏建彪,侯朝炯,黄汉富.沿空掘巷窄煤柱稳定性数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3475-3479.BAI Jianbiao,HOU Chaojiong,HUANG Hanfu.Numerical simulation study on stability of narrow coal pillar of roadway driving along goaf[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3475-3479.
[6]谢广祥,杨科,刘全明.综放面倾向煤柱支承压力分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):545-549.XIE Guangxiang,YANG Ke,LIU Quanming.Study on distribution laws of stress in inclined coal pillar for fully-mechanized top-coal caving face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):545-549.
[7]何富连,张广超.大断面综放沿空巷道煤柱合理宽度与围岩控制[J].岩土力学,2016,37(6):1721-1728.HE Fulian,ZHANG Guangchao.Pillar width determination and surrounding rocks control of gob-side entry with large cross-section and fully-mechanized mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(6):1721-1728.
[8]侯朝炯,李学华.综放沿空掘巷围岩大、小结构的稳定性原理[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1):1-7.HOU Chaojiong,LI Xuehua.Stability principle of surrounding rock structure in fully mechanized driving along next goaf[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(1):1-7.
[9]刘畅,杨增强,弓培林,等.工作面过空巷基本顶超前破断压架机理及控制技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(8):1932-1940.LIU Chang,YANG Zengqiang,GONG Peilin,et al.Mechanism and control technology of supports crushing induced by main roof’s breaking ahead of workface when crossing abandoned roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(8):1932-1940.
[10]查文华,李雪,华心祝,等.基本顶断裂位置对窄煤柱护巷的影响及应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(增刊2):332-338.ZHA Wenhua,LI Xue,HUA Xinzhu,et al.Impact and application on narrow coal pillar for roadway protecting from fracture position of upper roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(Sup 2):332-338.
[11]LI W F,BAI J B,PENG S S,et al.Numerical modeling for yield pillar design:a case study[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,48(1):305-318.
[12]李磊,柏建彪,王襄禹.综放沿空掘巷合理位置及控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1564-1569.LI Lei,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu.Ration position and control technique of roadway driving along next goaf in fully mechanized top coal caving face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1564-1569.
[13]赵毅鑫,王涛,姜耀东,等.基于Hoek-Brown参数确定方法的多煤层开采工作面矿压显现规律模拟研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):970-976.ZHAO Yixin,WANG Tao,JIANG Yaodong,et al.Application of Hoek-Brown criterion in numerical simulation of ground pressure features in multi-seam longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):970-976.
[14]谢广祥,杨科,常聚才.煤柱宽度对综放面围岩应力分布规律影响[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(11):1005-1008.XIE Guangxiang,YANG Ke,CHANG Jucai.Influence of coal pillar width on stress distribution in surrounding rock of fully mechanized caving face[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006,28(11):1005-1008.
[15]徐磊.近距离煤柱群底板偏应力不变量分布特征及应用[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2014.
[16]柏建彪.沿空掘巷围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006:1-17.
[17]张科学,张永杰,马振乾,等.沿空掘巷窄煤柱宽度确定[J].采矿与安全学报,2015,32(3):446-452.ZHANG Kexue,ZHANG Yongjie,MA Zhenqian,et al.Determination of the narrow pillar width of gob-side entry driving[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):446-452.
[18]赵勇强,何富连,谢福星,等.沿空留巷围岩稳定等级综合评判及返修控制技术研究[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(6):550-558.ZHAO Yongqiang,HE Fulian,XIE Fuxing,et al.Study on comprehensive evaluation of surrounding rock stability grade and repair control technology of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(6):550-558.