农村贫困治理的范式转型与未来路径——兼议产业精准扶贫的推进路径
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摘要
农村贫困治理内嵌于国家治理现代化进程中。随着国家治理范式的演进,农村贫困治理将实现政府主导范式经由市场主导范式向公共治理范式转型。当前,主流的政府主导范式和市场主导范式在理论上遭遇到解释力不足问题,在实践中产生了精准扶贫不精准、久扶不脱贫等问题。这些问题的原因在形式上表现为过度依赖市场主导范式所产生的"开发"与"扶贫"之间的张力,在实质上表现为贫困治理过程中基于市场逻辑的效率、基于扶贫逻辑的公平、基于公共治理的参与等多元价值冲突。因此,推动农村贫困治理范式转型和产业精准扶贫目标实现,有效整合多元逻辑和多元价值是关键。具体路径应以公共价值为目标,实现对多元价值的整合;以平台构建为支持,促进多元主体协同;以公共能力建设为条件,支撑多元行为逻辑整合。
Rural poverty alleviation governance is an important part of modernization of China's system and capacity for governance. As China's system and capacity for governance evolves, rural poverty alleviation governance is going to shift away from government-oriented paradigm and market-oriented paradigm to public governance-oriented paradigm. However, up to date, the popular government-oriented paradigm and market-oriented paradigm encounters such problems as insufficient explanation power in theory and practice, which leads to poverty alleviation paradoxes, for example, the poverty alleviation is not targeted at the poor, the poverty alleviation measures are not sustainable and can not lift the poor out of poverty. The formalized reason is intense relationship between development and poverty reduction. The substantive reason is the paradox among such values as efficiency based on the market logic, justice based on the poverty reduction logic and participation based on the public governance logic. Therefore, to transform rural poverty alleviation governance paradigm and move forward targeted poverty alleviation through agricultural industrialization, the key is to integrate the multi-behavior logics and multi-values. Detailly, public value should be set as the purpose to integrate multi-values, public platforms should be constructed as the support to promote multi-subjects' collaboration, and public capacity should be constructed as the condition to integrate multi-behavior logics.
Rural poverty alleviation governance is an important part of modernization of China's system and capacity for governance. As China's system and capacity for governance evolves, rural poverty alleviation governance is going to shift away from government-oriented paradigm and market-oriented paradigm to public governance-oriented paradigm. However, up to date, the popular government-oriented paradigm and market-oriented paradigm encounters such problems as insufficient explanation power in theory and practice, which leads to poverty alleviation paradoxes, for example, the poverty alleviation is not targeted at the poor, the poverty alleviation measures are not sustainable and can not lift the poor out of poverty. The formalized reason is intense relationship between development and poverty reduction. The substantive reason is the paradox among such values as efficiency based on the market logic, justice based on the poverty reduction logic and participation based on the public governance logic. Therefore, to transform rural poverty alleviation governance paradigm and move forward targeted poverty alleviation through agricultural industrialization, the key is to integrate the multi-behavior logics and multi-values. Detailly, public value should be set as the purpose to integrate multi-values, public platforms should be constructed as the support to promote multi-subjects' collaboration, and public capacity should be constructed as the condition to integrate multi-behavior logics.
引文
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[25] 张志胜.精准扶贫领域贫困农民主体性的缺失与重塑——基于精神扶贫视角[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):72-81.
[2] 王春光.社会治理视角下的农村开发扶贫问题研究[J].中共福建省委党校学报,2015(3):5-13.
[3] 汪三贵,张雁,杨龙,等.连片特困地区扶贫项目到户问题研究——基于乌蒙山片区三省六县的调研[J].中州学刊,2015(3):68-72.
[4] 汪三贵,Albert Park,Shubham Chaudhuri,等.中国新时期农村扶贫与村级贫困瞄准[J].管理世界,2007(1):56-64.
[5] Amalia Venera Todorut,Vassilis Tselentis.Designing the Model of Public Value Management[C]//Proceedings of the International Management Conference,2015:74-80.
[6] 折晓叶,陈婴婴.项目制的分级运作机制和治理逻辑——对“项目进村”案例的社会学分析[J].中国社会科学,2011(4):126-148.
[7] 胡振光,向德平.参与式治理视角下产业扶贫的发展瓶颈及完善路径[J].学习与实践,2014(4):99-107.
[8] 梁晨.产业扶贫项目的运作机制与地方政府的角色[J].北京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2015(5):7-15.
[9] 叶普万,王军.世界反贫困战略演变述评[J].山东社会科学,2005(10):77-81.
[10] 陈忠言.中国农村开发式扶贫机制解析——以沪滇合作为例[J].经济问题探索,2015(2):90-94.
[11] 王春光,孙兆霞,曾荟,等.扶贫开发与社会建设同构——武陵山区扶贫开发与社会建设调研项目的发现与思考[J].贵州社会科学,2013(10):53-57.
[12] 王春光,孙兆霞,曾芸,等.社会建设与扶贫开发新模式的探索[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:222-231.
[13] 吴重庆.内发型发展与开发扶贫问题[J].天府新论,2016(6):1-6.
[14] 渠敬东.项目制:一种新的国家治理体制[J].中国社会科学,2012(5):113-130.
[15] 许汉泽,李小云.精准扶贫背景下农村产业扶贫的实践困境——对华北李村产业扶贫项目的考察[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017(1):9-16.
[16] 汪三贵.在发展中战胜贫困——对中国30年大规模减贫经验的总结与评价[J].管理世界,2008(11):78-88.
[17] 徐勇.反贫困在行动:中国农村扶贫调查与实践[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2015:168.
[18] 汪三贵.扶贫体制改革的未来方向[J].人民论坛,2011(36):36-37.
[19] Smith R F I.Focusing on Public Value:Something New and Something Old[J].Australian Journal of Public Administration,2004,63(4):68-79.
[20] Stoker G.Public Value Management:A New Narrative for Networked Governance[J].American Review of Public Administration,2006,36(1):41-57.
[21] 林毅夫.关于制度变迁的经济学理论:诱致性变迁与强制性变迁[M]//R·科斯.财产权利与制度变迁——产权学派与新制度学派译文集.刘守英,译.上海:上海人民出版社,1994:384.
[22] 佐佐木毅,金泰昌.中间团体开创的公共性[M].王伟,译.北京:人民出版社,2009:26.
[23] O’Flynn J.From New Public Management to Public Value:Paradigmatic Change and Managerial Implications[J].Australian Journal of Public Administration,2007,66(3):353-366.
[24] Stoker G.Public Value Management:A New Resolution of the Democracy/Efficiency Trade-off[Z].UK:Institute for Political and Economic Governance,University of Manchester,2005:13.
[25] 张志胜.精准扶贫领域贫困农民主体性的缺失与重塑——基于精神扶贫视角[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):72-81.