葡萄伤流期树液流动变化研究
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摘要
为探究葡萄伤流期树液流动的变化规律,对白罗莎里奥葡萄伤流期的树液流动变化进行统计,分析伤流与日变化、温度、湿度、枝条长短等的相关性,研究伤流对葡萄树体的影响,并对藤稔葡萄进行树体不同部位流量关系的研究。结果表明,白罗莎里奥葡萄伤流总流量为380～540 m L,未愈合情况下,总时长为35～47 d,高峰期维持10 d左右,整体呈现先上升后下降的趋势;枝条长度对伤流量有一定的影响,长梢枝条流量稳定且处于主导地位,中梢枝条先停止伤流;伤流在各时间段的流量稳定且较为平均,伤流时期和总量对日分布影响较大,上午所占比例呈逐渐上升趋势,且前期白天流量高于晚上,后期相反。对不同类型枝条伤流观察和统计发现:枝条长短和树液流量有直接关系,长枝枝条流量大于短枝;枝条位置与树液流量并无明显关系,分枝的流量和大于主枝,并以此为基础绘制了流量关系图,为葡萄流体研究奠定基础。
To investigate the rules of sap flow in grapevine,its inner-and intra-diurnal changes with temperature,humidity,branch length were studied and their correlations were simultaneously analyzed during the bleeding period. In addition,in order to reveal the effects of sap flow on vine growth,relationship among the flows in different vine parts were studied. The results showed that the total bleeding volume ranged from 380 to 540 m L in Rosario Bianco,and the flow lasted for 35-47 d. Flow speed increased first followed by a decrease,and the peak period maintained around10 d. Branch length greatly affected the bleeding volumes. The sap flow was stable in the longer branch,which mainly contributed to flow; whereas the shorter branch stopped flowing at the earliest time. The flow volume of bleeding sap was stable and evenly distributed in each period. The total bleeding volume varied with bleeding period and differently distributed inner day. During early bleeding period,proportion was gradually increased in the morning and the bleeding volume was larger in the daytime than in the evening. However,the situation was the opposite in the late bleeding period. In addition,we also observed that branch length was directly correlated with flow speed. The flow speed was faster in the longer branch when compared with the shorter ones. The branch position had no significant effect on flow speed. The total flow volume was always greater in branches than trunk. To conclude,the assumed sap flow model was proposed based on the above results,which would lay foundation for the further studies on bleeding sap.
To investigate the rules of sap flow in grapevine,its inner-and intra-diurnal changes with temperature,humidity,branch length were studied and their correlations were simultaneously analyzed during the bleeding period. In addition,in order to reveal the effects of sap flow on vine growth,relationship among the flows in different vine parts were studied. The results showed that the total bleeding volume ranged from 380 to 540 m L in Rosario Bianco,and the flow lasted for 35-47 d. Flow speed increased first followed by a decrease,and the peak period maintained around10 d. Branch length greatly affected the bleeding volumes. The sap flow was stable in the longer branch,which mainly contributed to flow; whereas the shorter branch stopped flowing at the earliest time. The flow volume of bleeding sap was stable and evenly distributed in each period. The total bleeding volume varied with bleeding period and differently distributed inner day. During early bleeding period,proportion was gradually increased in the morning and the bleeding volume was larger in the daytime than in the evening. However,the situation was the opposite in the late bleeding period. In addition,we also observed that branch length was directly correlated with flow speed. The flow speed was faster in the longer branch when compared with the shorter ones. The branch position had no significant effect on flow speed. The total flow volume was always greater in branches than trunk. To conclude,the assumed sap flow model was proposed based on the above results,which would lay foundation for the further studies on bleeding sap.
引文
[1]孙永泉,侯立群,赵登超,等.核桃伤流的研究进展[J].绿色科技,2010(10):44-47.SUN Y Q,HOU L Q,ZHAO D C,et al.The progress of research on walnut injury flow[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2010(10):44-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[7]张志亮,张富仓,郑彩霞,等.不同水氮条件下桃树幼苗茎干液流变化规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2009(2):1-4.ZHANG Z L,ZHANG F C,ZHENG C X,et al.Study on variation law of sap flow of peach seedling under different water and nitrogen conditions[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2009(2):1-4.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]李娜,栾雨时.瓜类伤流液的研究及应用[J].北方园艺,2006(4):72-73.LI N,LUAN Y S.Research and application of melon bleeding sap[J].Northern Horticulture,2006(4):72-73.(in Chinese)
[9]伊力哈木·托合迪.葡萄伤流液中生物活性物质及其活性作用研究[J].新疆维吾尔医学专科学校学报,2017,27(2):82-87.ILHAM T.Study on bioactive substances and its activity of grape bleeding sap[J].Journal of Xinjiang Uighur Medical Training College,2017,27(2):82-87.(in Chinese)
[10]王明轩,范利花,段良飞,等.香石竹植物伤流液及其中有机成分的提取研究[J].云南师范大学学报,2011,31(3):68-70.WANG M X,FAN L H,DUAN L F,et al.The extractive study of carnation bleeding sap and their organic components[J].Journal of Yunnan Normal University,2011,31(3):68-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[12]殷春渊,杨海霞,杜彦修,等.水稻不同部位伤流强度的差异及其与籽粒充实的关系[J].作物学报,2013,39(1):153-163.YIN C Y,YANG H X,DU Y X,et al.Different of bleeding intensity in different parts of rice plant and its relationship with grain plumpness[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(1):153-163.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]沈波,王熹.籼粳亚种间杂交稻根系伤流强度的变化规律及其与叶片生理状况的相互关系[J].中国水稻科学,2000,14(2):122-124.SHEN B,WANG X.Changs of root exudate of indica-japonica hybrid rice and its relation to leaf physiological traits[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2000,14(2):122-124.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]禹婷,王永熙,刘航空.3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(3):34-36.YU T,WANG Y X,LIU H K.Analysis on nitrogen form in bleeding sap of three fruit trees[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2006,21(3):34-36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]杨华廷.核桃休眠期伤流规律的研究[J].河北果树,2001(2):16-18.YANG H T.Bleeding rule of Juglans regia in dormant period[J].Hebei Fruits,2001(2):16-18.(in Chinese)
[16]张继澍,孙群,王姝清.快速鉴别中华猕猴桃雌雄株的研究[J].陕西林业科技,1985(3):23-25.ZHANG J S,SUN Q,WANG S Q.Study on rapid identification of male and female kiwifruit[J].Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology,1985(3):23-25.(in Chinese)
[17]谢建国.猕猴桃伤流的研究[J].落叶果树,1998(增刊1):40-41.XIE J G.Study on bleeding sap of kiwifruit[J].Deciduous Fruits,1998(suppl.1):40-41.(in Chinese)
[18]ANDERSEN P C,BRODBECK B V.Diurnal and temporal changes in the chemical profile of xylem exudate from Vitis rotundifolia[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1989,75(1):63-70.
[19]沈波,王熹.两个亚种间杂交稻组合的根系生理活性[J].中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):146-150.SHEN B,WANG X.Physiological activities of root system in two inter-subspecific hybrid rice combinations[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2002,16(2):146-150.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]裴东.核桃伤流研究述评[J].林业科学,2010,46(3):128-133.PEI D.A research review on walnut xylem exudation[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2010,46(3):128-133.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]PATE J S,WALLACE W,DIE J V.Petiole bleeding sap in the examination of the circulation of nitrogenous substances in plants[J].Nature,1964,204(4963):1073-1074.
[22]BILES C L,ABELES,F B.Xylem sap protein[J].Plant Physiology,1991,96(2):597-601.
[23]艾尔肯·依不拉音,朱富荣,布热米古丽·买买提,等.新疆葡萄树伤流液中矿质元素含量的主成分及聚类分析[J].食品与发酵工业,2013,39(6):208-211.IBURAIM A,ZHU F R,MAMAT B,et al.Principal component analysis and clustering analysis of the mineral elements in bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape tree[J].Food&Fermentation Industries,2013,39(6):208-211.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]陈宁,何志山,余桂芬,等.适当伤流可延迟猕猴桃的花期[J].落叶果树,2007,39(1):55.CHEN N,HE Z S,YU G F,et al.Proper bleeding sap can delay the flowering of kiwifruit[J].Deciduous Fruits,2007,39(1):55.(in Chinese)
[25]任晓宇.树液流动与伤流[J].生物学教学,1999(8):43.REN X Y.Sap flow and bleeding sap[J].Biology Teaching,1999(8):43.(in Chinese)
[26]刘全会,李永志,郄敏茹.葡萄春季伤流的原因及预防[J].河北果树,2002(2):42.LIU Q H,LI Y Z,XI M R.Causes and prevention of grape spring bleeding[J].Hebei Fruits,2002(2):42.(in Chinese)
[27]黄琼,伊力哈木·托合迪,艾尔肯·依不拉音.植物伤流液的研究和应用[J].新疆医科大学学报,2013(11):1573-1576.HUANG Q,ILHAM T,IBURAIM A.Research and application of plant bleeding sap[J].Journal of Xinjiang Medical University,2013(11):1573-1576.(in Chinese)
[2]PRIESTLEY J H,WORMALL A.On the solutes exuded by root pressure from vine[J].New Phytologist,1925,24(1):24-38.
[3]ALEXOU M,PEUKE A D.Methods for xylem sap collection[M]//MAATHUIS F.Plant Mineral Nutrients.Methods in Molecular Biology(Methods and Protocols).Totowa:Humana Press,2013:195-207.
[4]KELLER M.The science of grapevines:anatomy and physiology:second edition[J].2010.
[5]阿吉姑·阿布都热西提.新疆葡萄树伤流液抗氧化活性及其检测方法的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2008.AJIGU A.Study on the antioxidantive activities and detection method for bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape tree[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Medical University,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]孙立,董晓华,陈敏,等.柑橘树液流变化规律及其影响因素[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(4):175-179SUN L,DONG X H,CHEN M,et al.Study on the ruled of sap flow rule and influencing factor in citrus[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2015,43(4):175-179.(in Chinese)
[7]张志亮,张富仓,郑彩霞,等.不同水氮条件下桃树幼苗茎干液流变化规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2009(2):1-4.ZHANG Z L,ZHANG F C,ZHENG C X,et al.Study on variation law of sap flow of peach seedling under different water and nitrogen conditions[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2009(2):1-4.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]李娜,栾雨时.瓜类伤流液的研究及应用[J].北方园艺,2006(4):72-73.LI N,LUAN Y S.Research and application of melon bleeding sap[J].Northern Horticulture,2006(4):72-73.(in Chinese)
[9]伊力哈木·托合迪.葡萄伤流液中生物活性物质及其活性作用研究[J].新疆维吾尔医学专科学校学报,2017,27(2):82-87.ILHAM T.Study on bioactive substances and its activity of grape bleeding sap[J].Journal of Xinjiang Uighur Medical Training College,2017,27(2):82-87.(in Chinese)
[10]王明轩,范利花,段良飞,等.香石竹植物伤流液及其中有机成分的提取研究[J].云南师范大学学报,2011,31(3):68-70.WANG M X,FAN L H,DUAN L F,et al.The extractive study of carnation bleeding sap and their organic components[J].Journal of Yunnan Normal University,2011,31(3):68-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]WORMALL A.The constituents of the sap of the vine(Vitis vinifera L.)[J].Biochemical Journal,1924,18(6):1187-1202.
[12]殷春渊,杨海霞,杜彦修,等.水稻不同部位伤流强度的差异及其与籽粒充实的关系[J].作物学报,2013,39(1):153-163.YIN C Y,YANG H X,DU Y X,et al.Different of bleeding intensity in different parts of rice plant and its relationship with grain plumpness[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(1):153-163.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]沈波,王熹.籼粳亚种间杂交稻根系伤流强度的变化规律及其与叶片生理状况的相互关系[J].中国水稻科学,2000,14(2):122-124.SHEN B,WANG X.Changs of root exudate of indica-japonica hybrid rice and its relation to leaf physiological traits[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2000,14(2):122-124.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]禹婷,王永熙,刘航空.3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(3):34-36.YU T,WANG Y X,LIU H K.Analysis on nitrogen form in bleeding sap of three fruit trees[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2006,21(3):34-36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]杨华廷.核桃休眠期伤流规律的研究[J].河北果树,2001(2):16-18.YANG H T.Bleeding rule of Juglans regia in dormant period[J].Hebei Fruits,2001(2):16-18.(in Chinese)
[16]张继澍,孙群,王姝清.快速鉴别中华猕猴桃雌雄株的研究[J].陕西林业科技,1985(3):23-25.ZHANG J S,SUN Q,WANG S Q.Study on rapid identification of male and female kiwifruit[J].Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology,1985(3):23-25.(in Chinese)
[17]谢建国.猕猴桃伤流的研究[J].落叶果树,1998(增刊1):40-41.XIE J G.Study on bleeding sap of kiwifruit[J].Deciduous Fruits,1998(suppl.1):40-41.(in Chinese)
[18]ANDERSEN P C,BRODBECK B V.Diurnal and temporal changes in the chemical profile of xylem exudate from Vitis rotundifolia[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1989,75(1):63-70.
[19]沈波,王熹.两个亚种间杂交稻组合的根系生理活性[J].中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):146-150.SHEN B,WANG X.Physiological activities of root system in two inter-subspecific hybrid rice combinations[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2002,16(2):146-150.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]裴东.核桃伤流研究述评[J].林业科学,2010,46(3):128-133.PEI D.A research review on walnut xylem exudation[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2010,46(3):128-133.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]PATE J S,WALLACE W,DIE J V.Petiole bleeding sap in the examination of the circulation of nitrogenous substances in plants[J].Nature,1964,204(4963):1073-1074.
[22]BILES C L,ABELES,F B.Xylem sap protein[J].Plant Physiology,1991,96(2):597-601.
[23]艾尔肯·依不拉音,朱富荣,布热米古丽·买买提,等.新疆葡萄树伤流液中矿质元素含量的主成分及聚类分析[J].食品与发酵工业,2013,39(6):208-211.IBURAIM A,ZHU F R,MAMAT B,et al.Principal component analysis and clustering analysis of the mineral elements in bleeding sap of Xinjiang grape tree[J].Food&Fermentation Industries,2013,39(6):208-211.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]陈宁,何志山,余桂芬,等.适当伤流可延迟猕猴桃的花期[J].落叶果树,2007,39(1):55.CHEN N,HE Z S,YU G F,et al.Proper bleeding sap can delay the flowering of kiwifruit[J].Deciduous Fruits,2007,39(1):55.(in Chinese)
[25]任晓宇.树液流动与伤流[J].生物学教学,1999(8):43.REN X Y.Sap flow and bleeding sap[J].Biology Teaching,1999(8):43.(in Chinese)
[26]刘全会,李永志,郄敏茹.葡萄春季伤流的原因及预防[J].河北果树,2002(2):42.LIU Q H,LI Y Z,XI M R.Causes and prevention of grape spring bleeding[J].Hebei Fruits,2002(2):42.(in Chinese)
[27]黄琼,伊力哈木·托合迪,艾尔肯·依不拉音.植物伤流液的研究和应用[J].新疆医科大学学报,2013(11):1573-1576.HUANG Q,ILHAM T,IBURAIM A.Research and application of plant bleeding sap[J].Journal of Xinjiang Medical University,2013(11):1573-1576.(in Chinese)