一种适用于发电机组的机会维修模型
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摘要
发电机组由多种设备有机构成,在机组正常运行中,某一设备发生故障,机组可能并未完全失效,而是过渡到部分出力运行状态,为研究这一现象对机组检修决策的影响,提出一种适用于机组的机会维修模型。该模型以机组为基本单位进行检修决策,在机组某一设备发生故障后,选择其他待检设备实施机会维修,同时,通过量化不同设备间经济关联,给出系统运行成本和系统风险成本的评估方法,并以系统总成本最小为优化目标,对机组机会维修策略进行了研究,实现了机组故障后检修与预防性检修的联合优化。算例分析表明所提模型的可行性和有效性。
Power generating unit is composed of various equipment. The failure characteristics of different equipment vary. When partial failures occur, power generating unit can still be operated in derated states. To consider partial failures, a new opportunistic maintenance optimization model for power generating unit with economic dependence was proposed. To deal with the influences induced by economic dependence, opportunistic maintenance strategy was adopted. It can save costs by combining equipment maintenance activities together. And then, system operation cost and system risk cost were quantified mathematically. The total cost was minimized to select power generating unit maintenance strategy. Finally, feasibility and validity of the proposed model were demonstrated through numerical studies.
Power generating unit is composed of various equipment. The failure characteristics of different equipment vary. When partial failures occur, power generating unit can still be operated in derated states. To consider partial failures, a new opportunistic maintenance optimization model for power generating unit with economic dependence was proposed. To deal with the influences induced by economic dependence, opportunistic maintenance strategy was adopted. It can save costs by combining equipment maintenance activities together. And then, system operation cost and system risk cost were quantified mathematically. The total cost was minimized to select power generating unit maintenance strategy. Finally, feasibility and validity of the proposed model were demonstrated through numerical studies.
引文
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[3]Elyas S H,Foroud A A,Chitsaz H.A novel method for maintenance scheduling of generating units considering the demand side[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2013,51:201-212.
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[8]Ding Fangfang,Tian Zhigang.Opportunistic maintenance for wind farms considering multi-level imperfect maintenance thresholds[J].Renewable Energy,2012,45:175-182.
[9]李明,韩学山,王勇,等.变电站状态检修决策模型与求解[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(25):196-202.Li Ming,Han Xueshan,Wang Yong,et al.Decisionmaking model and solution of condition-based maintenance for substation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(25):196-202(in Chinese).
[10]胡瑾秋,张来斌.基于故障超前防御的复杂油气生产设备机会维护模型[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(12):167-175.Hu Jinqiu,Zhang Laibin.Opportunistic maintenance strategy for complex oil and gas production equipment based on fault preventive defense[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(12):167-175(in Chinese).
[11]汲国强,吴文传,张伯明,等.一种适用于状态检修的电力设备时变停运模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(25):139-146.Ji Guoqiang,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.Atime-varying component outage model for power system condition-based maintenance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(25):139-146(in Chinese).
[12]赵洪山,张路朋.基于可靠度的风电机组预防性机会维修策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3777-3783.Zhao Hongshan,Zhang Lupeng.Preventive opportunistic maintenance strategy for wind turbines based on reliability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3777-3783(in Chinese).
[13]徐波,韩学山,孙东磊,等.计及机会维修的系统状态检修决策模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(21):5418-5428.Xu Bo,Han Xueshan,Sun Donglei,et al.System condition-based maintenance scheduling considering opportunistic maintenance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(21):5418-5428(in Chinese).
[14]徐波,韩学山,李业勇,等.电力设备机会维修决策模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(23):6379-6388.Xu Bo,Han Xueshan,Li Yeyong,et al.Opportunistic maintenance decision-making model for power equipment[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(23):6379-6388(in Chinese).
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[16]Billinton R,Fotuhi-Firuzabad M.A basic framework for generating system operating health analysis[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1994,9(3):1610-1617.
[17]Billinton R,Li Yifeng.Incorporating multi-state unit models in composite system adequacy assessment[J].European Transactions on Electrical Power,2007,17(4):375-386.
[18]da Silva A M L,Castro J F C,González-Fernández RA.Spinning reserve assessment under transmission constraints based on cross-entropy method[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2016,31(2):1624-1632.
[19]Ning Liaoyi,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming.Generator random outage model for risk-based monthly maintenance scheduling[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.Singapore:IEEE,2010:126-130.
[20]Zhang Dabo,Li Wenyuan,Xiong Xiaofu.Overhead line preventive maintenance strategy based on condition monitoring and system reliability assessment[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2014,29(4):1839-1846.
[21]何选森.随机过程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009:251-272.He Xuansen.Stochastic processes[M].Beijing:Posts&Telecom Press,2009:251-272(in Chinese).
[22]陈景润.组合数学[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2012:148-163.Chen Jingrun.Combinatorial mathematics[M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,2012:148-163(in Chinese).
[23]李文沅.电力系统风险评估模型、方法和应用[M].周家启,卢继平,胡小正,等,译.北京:科学出版社,2006:10-34.Li Wenyuan.Risk assessment of power systems:models,methods,and applications[M].Zhou Jiaqi,Lu Jiping,Hu Xiaozheng,et al,Trans.Beijing:Science Press,2006:10-34(in Chinese).
[24]曹晋华,程侃.可靠性数学引论[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:195-266.Cao Jinhua,Cheng Kan.Introduction to reliability mathematics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:195-266(in Chinese).
[25]Ge Haifeng,Asgarpoor S.Reliability and maintainability improvement of substations with aging infrastructure[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(4):1868-1876.
[26]Heo J H,Kim M K,Park G P,et al.A reliability-centered approach to an optimal maintenance strategy in transmission systems using a genetic algorithm[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(4):2171-2179.
[27]何海燕,朱萍,杨昆.电站高压加热器最佳更换周期的研究[J].现代电力,2005,22(5):57-61.He Haiyan,Zhu Ping,Yang Kun.Optimal renewal period of high pressure heater on power plants[J].Modern Electric Power,2005,22(5):57-61(in Chinese).
[28]王凌.维修决策模型和方法的理论与应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007:96-97.Wang Ling.Models and methods for maintenance decisions:theory and applications[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2007:96-97(in Chinese).
[29]冯长有.电力市场环境下发电机组检修规划策略研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2010:122-123.Feng Changyou.Research on unit maintenance scheduling in power market[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University,2010:122-123(in Chinese).
[2]Pandzic H,Conejo A J,Kuzle I.An EPEC approach to the yearly maintenance scheduling of generating units[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):922-930.
[3]Elyas S H,Foroud A A,Chitsaz H.A novel method for maintenance scheduling of generating units considering the demand side[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2013,51:201-212.
[4]Fattahi M,Mahootchi M,Mosadegh H,et al.A new approach for maintenance scheduling of generating units in electrical power systems based on their operational hours[J].Computers&Operations Research,2014,50:61-79.
[5]Billinton R,Allan R N.Reliability evaluation of power systems[M].Wilmington:Springer,2013:356-362.
[6]Camci F.System maintenance scheduling with prognostics information using genetic algorithm[J].IEEETransactions on Reliability,2009,58(3):539-552.
[7]程志君,杨征,谭林.基于机会策略的复杂系统视情维修决策模型[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(6):168-174.Cheng Zhijun,Yang Zheng,Tan Lin.Condition-based maintenance model of deteriorating complex system based on opportunistic policy[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(6):168-174(in Chinese).
[8]Ding Fangfang,Tian Zhigang.Opportunistic maintenance for wind farms considering multi-level imperfect maintenance thresholds[J].Renewable Energy,2012,45:175-182.
[9]李明,韩学山,王勇,等.变电站状态检修决策模型与求解[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(25):196-202.Li Ming,Han Xueshan,Wang Yong,et al.Decisionmaking model and solution of condition-based maintenance for substation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(25):196-202(in Chinese).
[10]胡瑾秋,张来斌.基于故障超前防御的复杂油气生产设备机会维护模型[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(12):167-175.Hu Jinqiu,Zhang Laibin.Opportunistic maintenance strategy for complex oil and gas production equipment based on fault preventive defense[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(12):167-175(in Chinese).
[11]汲国强,吴文传,张伯明,等.一种适用于状态检修的电力设备时变停运模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(25):139-146.Ji Guoqiang,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.Atime-varying component outage model for power system condition-based maintenance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(25):139-146(in Chinese).
[12]赵洪山,张路朋.基于可靠度的风电机组预防性机会维修策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3777-3783.Zhao Hongshan,Zhang Lupeng.Preventive opportunistic maintenance strategy for wind turbines based on reliability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3777-3783(in Chinese).
[13]徐波,韩学山,孙东磊,等.计及机会维修的系统状态检修决策模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(21):5418-5428.Xu Bo,Han Xueshan,Sun Donglei,et al.System condition-based maintenance scheduling considering opportunistic maintenance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(21):5418-5428(in Chinese).
[14]徐波,韩学山,李业勇,等.电力设备机会维修决策模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(23):6379-6388.Xu Bo,Han Xueshan,Li Yeyong,et al.Opportunistic maintenance decision-making model for power equipment[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(23):6379-6388(in Chinese).
[15]Billinton R,Kumar S,Chowdhury N,et al.A reliability test system for educational purposes-basic data[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1989,4(3):1238-1244.
[16]Billinton R,Fotuhi-Firuzabad M.A basic framework for generating system operating health analysis[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1994,9(3):1610-1617.
[17]Billinton R,Li Yifeng.Incorporating multi-state unit models in composite system adequacy assessment[J].European Transactions on Electrical Power,2007,17(4):375-386.
[18]da Silva A M L,Castro J F C,González-Fernández RA.Spinning reserve assessment under transmission constraints based on cross-entropy method[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2016,31(2):1624-1632.
[19]Ning Liaoyi,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming.Generator random outage model for risk-based monthly maintenance scheduling[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.Singapore:IEEE,2010:126-130.
[20]Zhang Dabo,Li Wenyuan,Xiong Xiaofu.Overhead line preventive maintenance strategy based on condition monitoring and system reliability assessment[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2014,29(4):1839-1846.
[21]何选森.随机过程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009:251-272.He Xuansen.Stochastic processes[M].Beijing:Posts&Telecom Press,2009:251-272(in Chinese).
[22]陈景润.组合数学[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2012:148-163.Chen Jingrun.Combinatorial mathematics[M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,2012:148-163(in Chinese).
[23]李文沅.电力系统风险评估模型、方法和应用[M].周家启,卢继平,胡小正,等,译.北京:科学出版社,2006:10-34.Li Wenyuan.Risk assessment of power systems:models,methods,and applications[M].Zhou Jiaqi,Lu Jiping,Hu Xiaozheng,et al,Trans.Beijing:Science Press,2006:10-34(in Chinese).
[24]曹晋华,程侃.可靠性数学引论[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:195-266.Cao Jinhua,Cheng Kan.Introduction to reliability mathematics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:195-266(in Chinese).
[25]Ge Haifeng,Asgarpoor S.Reliability and maintainability improvement of substations with aging infrastructure[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(4):1868-1876.
[26]Heo J H,Kim M K,Park G P,et al.A reliability-centered approach to an optimal maintenance strategy in transmission systems using a genetic algorithm[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(4):2171-2179.
[27]何海燕,朱萍,杨昆.电站高压加热器最佳更换周期的研究[J].现代电力,2005,22(5):57-61.He Haiyan,Zhu Ping,Yang Kun.Optimal renewal period of high pressure heater on power plants[J].Modern Electric Power,2005,22(5):57-61(in Chinese).
[28]王凌.维修决策模型和方法的理论与应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007:96-97.Wang Ling.Models and methods for maintenance decisions:theory and applications[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2007:96-97(in Chinese).
[29]冯长有.电力市场环境下发电机组检修规划策略研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2010:122-123.Feng Changyou.Research on unit maintenance scheduling in power market[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University,2010:122-123(in Chinese).